Paub domestic biologists thiab lawv discoveries

Kom txog thaum lub XIX caug xyoo, lub tswvyim ntawm "txog biology" tsis muaj nyob, thiab cov neeg uas koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm qhov, hu ua estestvoznatelyami, naturalists. Tam sim no cov zaum hu rau poj koob yawm txwv lom Sciences. Cia peb nco ntsoov, uas yog domestic biologists (thiab qhib lawv piav me ntsis txog), yuav txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm biology thaum ib tug science , thiab nws muab lub hauv paus rau cov tshiab cov lus qhia.

NI Vavilov (1887-1943)

Peb biologists thiab lawv discoveries paub rau tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no. Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws - Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, Soviet botanist, geographer, breeder, geneticist. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg ua lag luam rau tsev neeg, nws twb kawm ntawv nyob rau lub koom haum of Agriculture. Rau nees nkaum xyoo, nws coj kev expeditions kawm muaj. Nws tau mus ncig yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog teb chaws Australia thiab Antarctica. Ib cim sau los ntawm cov noob ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws expeditions, zaum no tau pom cov chaw zov me nyuam los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cultivated nroj tsuag. Nws pom tias muaj tej yam chaw zov me nyuam los ntawm keeb kwm. Nws ua ib tug enormous pab mus rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tsob nroj tiv thaiv thiab qhia kev cai lij choj ntawm homologous series, uas tso cai rau los mus tsim cov regularities nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv 1940, lub botanist, twb puas tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv trumped-up nqi ntawm embezzlement. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj, posthumously rehabilitated.

AO Kovalevsky (1840-1901)

Ntawm cov tho kev nyob ib tug tsim nyog qhov chaw domestic biologists. Thiab lawv foundations poyavliyali rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb science. Ntawm cov chaw renowned soj ntsuam invertebrates - Aleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky, ib tug biologist thiab embryologist. Nws twb kawm ntawv nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg University. Nws kawm marine tsiaj, thiaj pib ntoj ke mus kawm rau hauv lub Red, Caspian, Mediterranean thiab Adriatic hiav txwv. Tsim Sevastopol marine lom chaw nres tsheb thiab tau ntev lawm nws cov thawj coj. Nws ua ib tug zoo pab nyob rau hauv lub thoob dej yug ntses.

Aleksandr Onufrievich kawm embryology thiab physiology ntawm invertebrates. Nws yog ib tug proponent ntawm Darwinism thiab kawm mechanisms ntawm evolution. Nws ua kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm physiology, lub cev thiab histology ntawm invertebrates. Nws los ua ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm evolutionary embryology thiab histology.

II Mechnikov (1845-1916)

Peb zaum, biologists thiab lawv discoveries tau menyuam los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov nyob rau hauv 1908 yeej lub Nobel nqis nyob rau hauv Physiology los yog tshuaj. Mechnikov yug nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm ib tug tub ceev xwm, kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kharkov. Nws qhib intracellular plab zom mov, cellular tiv thaiv, siv pov thawj txoj kev Embryology ntau keeb kwm vertebrates thiab invertebrates.

Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm evolution thiab embryology thiab nrog Kovalevsky los ua tus founder ntawm no scientific kev taw qhia. Mechnikov writings twb tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam kis kab mob, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, kab mob cholera. Zaum no koom nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov laus. Nws ntseeg hais tias tuag ntxov yog lom los ntawm microbial tshuaj lom tuag thiab nce tu txoj kev ntawm tawm tsam, loj luag hauj lwm rau restore lub plab hnyuv microflora siv khoom noj siv mis. Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij tau tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawm Immunology, microbiology, pathology.

Pavlov II (1849-1936)

Yuav ua li cas pab rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ntau dua tshee ua si muaj peb zaum, biologists thiab lawv discoveries? Tus thawj Lavxias teb sab Nobel nqi zog khiav nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tau ua Pavlov Ivan Petrovich rau nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub physiology ntawm digestion. Qhov zoo Lavxias teb sab biologist thiab physiologist, yog tus creator ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm ntau dua tshee ua si. Nws qhia lub tswvyim ntawm tus unconditioned thiab conditioned reflexes.

Tus kws tshawb fawb tuaj ntawm ib tsev neeg ntawm cov pov thawj, thiab nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub Ryazan Theological Seminary. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tas los kuv nyeem ib phau ntawv I. M. Sechenova rau lub hlwb reflexes thiab ua xav nyob rau hauv ib thiab tshuaj. Nws kawm lub physiology ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg University. Pavlov siv phais hom kev kawm 10 xyoo kawm nyob rau hauv kom meej lub physiology ntawm kev zom thiab cov kev tshawb fawb tau txais cov Nobel nqi zog. Lwm cheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab yog lub siab tshee ua si, qhov kev tshawb fawb uas nws mob siab rau 35 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog. Nws qhia lub tswv yim ntawm cov coj tus cwj pwm sciences - thiab nyob ntawm unconditional reflexes qhov cuab lub zog.

Koltsov NK (1872-1940)

Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm "Domestic biologists thiab lawv discoveries." Nikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov - biologist, founder ntawm lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Seb Biology. Yug nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg accountant. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm Moscow University, qhov uas nws kawm comparative lub cev thiab embryology, sau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv European lub chaw soj nstuam. Koom haum los ntawm lub Kuaj ntawm Seb Biology ntawm cov neeg University Shanyavsky.

Kuv kawm cov biophysics ntawm hlwb, cov yam tseem ceeb uas txiav txim nws zoo lawm. Cov hauj lwm uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm hu ua "Koltsov lub hauv paus ntsiab lus". Koltsov - ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm noob caj noob ces nyob rau hauv Russia, lub organizer ntawm cov thawj lub chaw soj nstuam thiab lub Department of Seb Biology. Tus kws tshawb fawb nrhiav tau peb lom chaw nres tsheb. Nws los ua tus thawj Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij uas siv lub cev thiab tshuaj txoj kev nyob rau hauv lom tshawb fawb.

kos Timiryazev (1843-1920)

Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb, biologists thiab lawv discoveries nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm tsob nroj physiology pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev bases ntawm cog qoob loo. Timiryazev Kliment Arkadevich yog ib tug natural paub txog, soj ntsuam thiab pab txhawb ntawm cov photosynthetic Darwin lub tswv yim. Tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ib lub noble tsev neeg, nws kawm tiav los ntawm University of St. Petersburg.

Timiryazev kawm rau lo lus nug ntawm tsob nroj kev noj haus, photosynthesis, ntuj qhuav heev kuj. Zaum no tsis tsuas dawb huv science, tab sis kuj txuas tseem ceeb heev rau lub tswv yim daim ntawv thov ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Nws yog nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm ib tug tej teb, uas muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm chiv thiab kaw lawv tej yam rau cov qoob loo. Tsaug rau txoj kev tshawb no, ua liaj ua teb tau zoo kawg strides rau hauv txoj kev ntawm intensification.

Michurin IV (1855-1935)

Lavxias teb sab biologists thiab lawv discoveries ho pab cov ua liaj ua teb thiab horticulture. Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin - paub biologist thiab breeder. Nws pog koob yawg koob tau me zos nobles, lawv yog saws tus paub txog xav nyob rau hauv teb. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thaum yau, nws coj kev kho mob ntawm lub vaj, ntau cov ntoo uas twb tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm nws tus txiv, yawg thiab yawg koob. Xaiv ua hauj lwm Michurin pib khiav nyob rau hauv ib tug khiab tsev nyob cov tsev loj. Thaum lub sij hawm cov kev ua coj ntau tshaj li 300 ntau ntau yam ntawm cultivated nroj tsuag, nrog rau cov nruj heev heev rau lub hauv paus cheeb tsam ntawm Russia tej yam kev mob.

Tikhomirov AA (1850-1931)

Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb, biologists thiab lawv discoveries tau sib pab tsim tshiab qhia nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb. Aleksandr Andreevich Tihomirov - ib tug biologist, tus kws kho mob ntawm kev kawm txog tsiaj txhu thiab cov rector ntawm Moscow State University. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg University, nws tau txais nws txoj cai degree, tab sis ua xav nyob rau hauv ib thiab tau txais ib tug thib ob degree ntawm Moscow University nyob rau hauv lub department ntawm tej yam ntuj tso sciences. Zaum muaj sab lub phenomenon ntawm cov khoom cua parthenogenesis, yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws seem nyob rau hauv tus neeg txoj kev loj hlob. Nws ua ib tug zoo pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sericulture.

IM Sechenov (1829-1905)

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Nto moo zaum, biologists thiab lawv discoveries" yuav tsis tiav yam tsis muaj ib tug mention Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova. Qhov no yog lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab evolutionary biologist, physiologist thiab kawm. Yug nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg tswv av, nws twb kawm ntawv nyob rau Main Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Engineering thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow.

Zaum tau kawm rau lub hlwb thiab nyob chaw, ua inhibition ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system, lub paj hlwb tau pov thawj los ntawm cov nqaij ua si. Nws sau cov classic ua hauj lwm "Reflexes ntawm lub paj hlwb", nyob rau hauv uas nws formulated lub tswv yim uas meej pem thiab tsis nco qab ua cog lus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov reflexes. Kuv hais lub hlwb raws li ib tug computer, uas tswj tag nrho cov tseem ceeb heev muaj dab. Nws kev txaus cai lub ntsws muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov ntshav. Tus paub txog tau tsim ib tug Lavxias teb sab physiology tsev kawm ntawv.

DI Ivanovsky (1864-1920)

Qhov kawg ntawm XIX - thaum ntxov XX caug xyoo - ib lub sij hawm thaum ua hauj lwm zoo kawg Lavxias teb sab biologists. Thiab lawv discoveries (rooj ntawm kev loj yuav tsis haum lawv daim ntawv teev) pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj thiab biology. Cov lawv Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky - physiologist, ib tug microbiologist thiab founder ntawm virology. Nws twb kawm ntawv nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg University. Txawm thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev tshawb no pom ib tug txaus siab rau tsob nroj kab mob.

Zaum tau tswv yim hais tias cov kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm me me kab mob los yog toxins. Kab mob rau lawv tus kheej tau pom nrog ib tug electron tshuab kuaj kab mob, tsuas yog 50 xyoo tom qab. Nws yog suav hais tias yog txwv zeej txwv koob Ivanovsky Virology raws li ib tug science. Zaum no kawm tus txheej txheem ntawm dej cawv fermentation thiab cov nyhuv rau nws ntawm chlorophyll thiab oxygen, cov lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov av microbiology.

Plaub-SS (1880-1959)

Lavxias teb sab biologists thiab lawv discoveries tau pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm noob caj noob ces. Chetverikov Sergey Sergeevich yug nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm lub Hoobkas tswv paub txog, kawm ntawv nyob rau University of Moscow. Qhov no yog ib qho zoo heev geneticist thiab evolutionist, uas ib lub koom haum txoj kev tshawb no ntawm caj nyob rau hauv tsiaj. Tsaug rau txoj kev tshawb no, tus neeg tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias tus tsim ntawm evolutionary noob caj noob ces. Nws tau tso lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug tshiab kev qhuab qhia - noob caj noob ces ntawm coob.

Koj tau nyeem tsab xov xwm "Lub paub Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb, biologists thiab lawv discoveries." Rooj lawv kawm tau ntawv zoo yuav tsum ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev thov khoom.