Oxidative kev nyuaj siab: lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub mechanism, cov ntsuas

Kev nyuaj siab yog xav tau uas tsis yog-kev teb ntawm lub cev mus rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Internal los yog lwm yam tseem ceeb. Qhov no txhais tau nkag tau rau hauv txoj kev xyaum ntawm H. Selye (Canadian physiologist). Txhua yam tau ua los yog mob yuav ntxias kev nyuaj siab. Txawm li cas los, ib tug yuav paub qhov txawv ib yam thiab hu nws lub ntsiab ua rau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev.

nta

Thaum Ntsuam xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog sob seb qhov teeb meem no (qab ntxiag los yog tsis kaj siab nws) yog nyob rau hauv lub cev. Ntawm kev txaus siab yog cov kev siv ntawm cov adaptation xav tau kev pab los yog rearrangement nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob. Lub cev feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub khaus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam nws muaj peev xwm teb flexibly thiab hloov mus rau qhov teeb meem no. Raws li, peb yuav kos cov nram qab no xaus. Kev nyuaj siab yog ib txoj coj cov lus teb los ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tej yam zoo tshaj. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua nyob rau hauv science general adaptation syndrome.

theem

Adaptation syndrome tshwm sim nyob rau hauv theem. Thawj los rau theem ntawm kev ntxhov siab vim. Lub cev nyob rau ntawm no theem qhia ib tug ncaj qha tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tej yam. Qhov thib ob theem - Kuj. Rau ntawm no theem lub cev yog nruj heev heev rau maximize tej yam kev mob. Thaum kawg theem ntawm kev qaug tshwm sim. Yuav kom kis tau tus yav dhau los theem ntawm tus kab mob siv nws reserves. Raws li, qhov kawg theem lawv ho depleted. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, hauv lub cev pib ntxwv rearrangements. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau nws yog tsis txaus kom ciaj sia. Raws li, irreparable zog khw muag khoom noj yog depleted thiab lub cev tsis tu tsis tseg kom hloov.

oxidative kev nyuaj siab

и прооксиданты при тех или иных условиях приходят в неустойчивое состояние. Antioxidant systems thiab pro-oxidants nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob tuaj mus rau hauv ib tug tsis ruaj tsis khov xeev. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub yav tas ntsiab muaj tag nrho cov yam tseem ceeb uas ua si ib tug active luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntxiv dag zog rau cov tsim ntawm dawb radicals los yog lwm yam reactive hom xws li oxygen. могут быть представлены разными агентами. Primary mechanisms ntawm lub ua los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab tej zaum yuav sawv cev los ntawm ntau cov kab mob. Cov no yuav cellular yam: tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv mitochondrial ua pa, kev enzymes. могут быть и внешними. Cov mechanisms ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab yuav ua tau lwm. Cov no, nyob rau hauv particular, muaj xws li kev haus luam yeeb, tshuaj noj, huab cua muaj kuab paug thiab ua li ntawm.

free radicals

Lawv yog lossi tsim nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm random tshuaj dab. Piv txwv li, muaj cov hydroxyl radicals (OH). Lawv zoo li yog txuam nrog ib qhov raug ionizing tawg thiab tsawg theem ntawm superoxide tso tawm vim electron to thiab lawv thauj saw hlau. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam mob, qhov tshwm sim ntawm radicals vim qhov ua kom ntawm phagocytes thiab zus tau tej cov nitric oxide los ntawm endothelial hlwb.

Cov mechanisms ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab

Dab tshwm sim ntawm dawb radical thiab qhia kab mob teb kwv yees li balanced. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog heev yooj yim rau koj tsiv txheeb ze tshuav nyiaj li cas nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus radicals. . Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cuam tshuam cell biochemistry thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm tso ib tug mob loj tsawv degree ntawm tsis txaus. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov hlwb nyob rau hauv reparative lug. Lawv paub thiab tshem tawm puas molecules. Thaum kawg qhov chaw tshiab cov khoom tuaj txog. . Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub hlwb muaj lub peev xwm lug txhim khu cov kev tiv thaiv, nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Piv txwv li, nas yog muab tso rau hauv tej yam kev mob nrog cov ntshiab cov pa, tuag tom qab ib tug ob peb hnub. Nws yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub qub huab cua muaj txog 21% O _2. Yog hais tias tej yam nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj maj ua koob tshuaj oxygen, lawv tiv thaiv yuav muaj zog. Cov yuav ua tau tiav hais tias cov nas tsuag thiab tej zaum yuav tau hloov 100% O ₂ concentration. способен вызвать серьезные разрушения или гибель клеток. Cuaj kaum, ib tug muaj zog oxidative kev nyuaj siab yuav ua loj puas tsuaj los yog cell tuag.

thab plaub yam

Raws li saum toj no hais, lub cev tshuav nyiaj li cas yog khaws cia dawb radicals thiab kev tiv thaiv. вызывается как минимум двумя причинами. Los ntawm no peb yuav xaus uas oxidative kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim los ntawm tsawg kawg yog ob yog vim li cas. Tus thawj yog los txo cov kev tiv thaiv kev ua si. Qhov thib ob yog ua kom cov tsim ntawm radicals rau xws li ib tug degree hais tias cov antioxidants tsis muaj peev xwm mus neutralize lawv.

Txo kev tiv thaiv teb

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov antioxidant system yog lom zem ntau nyob rau khoom noj kom zoo. Raws li, nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias tus yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm cov neeg pluag noj. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntxim yuav zoo siv, muaj ntau yam tib neeg cov kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov antioxidant cov as-ham. Piv txwv li, lub neurodegeneration yog kuaj vim muaj ib tug tsis txaus kom tsawg nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas nws lub cev yuav tsis metabolize nqaijrog vitamin E tsim nyog. Muaj kuj yog pov thawj hais tias tus kab mob HIV kis mob neeg, rov qab los kuaj nyob rau hauv lymphocytes glutathione nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj neeg uas tsis muaj ntau.

haus luam yeeb

Nws yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb ua oxidative kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsws thiab ntau lwm yam ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. Haus luam yeeb thiab cob nplua nuj radicals. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm zuj molecule thiab kom txo tau cov concentration ntawm cov vitamins E thiab C. Haus luam yeeb khaus rau mob ntsws macrophages, li no ua superoxide. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsws ntawm haus luam yeeb muaj ntau qe tshaj uas tsis yog haus luam yeeb. Kev haus luam yeeb kev tsim txom, cov neeg feem ntau noj tsis zoo thiab haus dej cawv. Raws li, lawv tsis muaj zog txaus tiv thaiv. провоцирует тяжелые нарушения клеточного метаболизма. Mob oxidative kev nyuaj siab provokes ib tug loj heev kev ua txhaum ntawm cellular metabolism.

Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev

Rau diagnostic cov hom phiaj, siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov cim ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Cov los yog lwm yam kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev qhia rau lub tsev kawm ntawv mob thiab yam tseem ceeb, mus ntxias nws. : Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm txoj kev tsim tsa ntawm dawb radicals nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam sclerosis siv xws ntsuas ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab:

1. Malondialdehyde. Nws ua theem nrab cov khoom ntawm dawb radical oxidation (CPO) lipids thiab muaj ib tug ua ntxim rau cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm daim nyias nyias. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem ua rau ib qho kev nce rau hauv lawv cov permeability rau calcium ions. Ua lub concentration ntawm malondialdehyde nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm feem ntau thiab theem nrab-hnyav ntau yam sclerosis thawj kauj ruam qhia oksislitelnogo kev nyuaj siab - ua kom cov dawb radical oxidation.
2. Schiff puag yog qhov kawg khoom ntawm SRO-nqaijrog thiab lipids. Ua lub concentration ntawm Schiff bases muaj tseeb nrog qhov ntsuam ntawm mob ua kom cov dawb radical oxidation. Nrog nce concentration ntawm malondialdehyde nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau cov khoom thiab feem ntau ntawm theem nrab hnyav sclerosis yuav kos tus cim rau thaum pib ntawm lub puas txheej txheem. Nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fragmentation thiab lub tom ntej kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov week. Kom ntau ntau cov Schiff bases kuj qhia cov thawj theem ntawm lub oxidative kev nyuaj siab.
3. Vitamin E. Nws yog ib tug lom antioxidant ua num ua ke nrog dawb radicals thiab lipid peroxides. ballast khoom tsim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Vitamin E yog oxidized. Nws yog suav tias yog ib qho zoo neutralizer ntawm singlet oxygen. Tej cov kev ua ntawm vitamin E nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawd hais npaus nyob rau hauv qhov uas tsis yog-enzymatic link AO3 system - nyob rau hauv lub thib ob block ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab.

los

? Yuav ua li cas yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab? Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub tib yog tsis tsuas membrane lipids thiab cov proteins, tab sis carbohydrates. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kev hloov pib nyob rau hauv lub hormonal thiab endocrine systems. Active enzyme thymus lymphocytes qauv decreases, tsub kom txog qib ntawm neurotransmitters, cov tshuaj hormones pib yuav tsum tau tso tawm. Thaum muaj kev nyuaj siab pib oxidizing nucleic acids, cov nqaijrog, hydrocarbons, tsub kom lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipids nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Enhanced tso tawm ntawm adrenocorticotropic hormone vim intensive disintegration ATP thiab Camp tshwm sim. Xeem yog li activates lub protein kinase. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj txhawb rau kev koom tes los ntawm ATP ntsev cholinesterase transforming cholesterol esters nyob rau hauv cov roj dawb. Li uas muaj protein ntau synthesis, RNA, DNA, thaum ib txhij glycogen mobilization ntawm depot rog, nqaij rog lwj (ntau dua) acids thiab piam thaj kuj ua oxidative kev nyuaj siab. считается одним из наиболее серьезных последствий процесса. Laus yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws yuav tshwm ntawm cov txheej txheem. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug loj hlob kev txiav txim ntawm lub qog cov tshuaj hormones. Nws muab ib tug ceev kev cai BMR - txoj kev loj hlob thiab ntau yam ntawm ntaub so ntswg, protein, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism. Tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm rau glucagon thiab insulin. Raws li ib co kws txawj, qabzib ua raws li ib lub teeb liab rau qhov ua kom cov adenylate cyclase, thiab tsMAF - rau zus tau tej cov insulin. Tag nrho cov no ua rau yus mus rau ib qho intensification ntawm cov hniav lwj los ntawm glycogen nyob rau hauv cov nqaij thiab lub siab, tseg cia lub biosynthesis ntawm carbohydrates thiab proteins, tseg zib oxidation. Tsim ib tug tsis zoo nitrogen tshuav nyiaj li cas, tsub kom lub concentration ntawm cov roj cholesterol thiab lwm yam lipids nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Glikagon txhawb lub tsim ntawm qabzib, cheeb nws decomposition rau lactic acid. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tuaj nyob puv nkaus ua rau muaj zog gluconeogenesis. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog lub synthesis ntawm uas tsis yog-carbohydrate cov khoom thiab piam thaj. Raws li cov thawj ua pyruvic acid thiab lactic acid, glycerol, raws li zoo raws li tej tebchaw uas muaj peev xwm yuav hloov nrog lub catabolism ntawm pyruvate nyob rau hauv yog ib tug ntawm cov intermediate ntsiab trikarbonovokislotnogo voj voog. Lub ntsiab substrates kuj amino acids thiab lactate. Ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub transformation ntawm carbohydrates belongs rau glucose-6-phosphate. Qhov no compound dramatically slows fosfoliriticheskogo glycogen neej puas. Qabzib 6-phosphate qhib lub enzyme zib thauj nyob rau hauv uridindifosfoglyukozy tsim glycogen. Cov compound kuj ua raws li ib tug substrate rau tom ntej transformations glycolytic. Ua ke nrog rau qhov no muaj yog ib tug loj hlob synthesis ntawm gluconeogenic enzymes. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog raug rau phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Nws txiav txim cov kev ceev ntawm tus txheej txheem nyob rau hauv ob lub raum thiab lub siab. Qhov ratio ntawm gluconeogenesis thiab glycolysis shifts mus rau sab xis. Lub glucocorticoids ua raws li inducers ntawm enzyme synthesis.

ketone lub cev

Lawv ua raws li ib yam ntawm cov roj lwm rau lub ob lub raum, cov leeg. Thaum oxidative kev nyuaj siab npaum li cas ntawm ketone lub cev yog nce. Lawv ua raws li ib tug regulator los mus tiv thaiv ntev mobilization ntawm fatty acids los ntawm cov depot. Qhov no yog vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau ntaub so ntswg pib zog tsis txaus vim lub fact tias glucose vim insulin tsis muaj peev xwm yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus txeem mus rau hauv lub cell. Thaum END ntawm fatty acids nyob rau hauv cov ntshav tsub kom lawv haum thiab oxidation ntawm lub siab, tsub kom qhov kev siv ntawm triglyceride synthesis. Tag nrho cov no ua rau yus mus rau ib qho kev nce rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm ketone lub cev.

ntxiv

Science paub thiab qhov no tshwm sim raws li "oxidative kev nyuaj siab nroj tsuag." Nws yog hais tias cov nqe lus nug ntawm kev cai tseem kom hloov mus rau ib tug ntau yam tseem muaj teeb meem niaj hnub no. Ib co sau phau ntseeg tau hais tias nyob rau hauv unfavorable tej yam kev mob rau txoj kev tshua ntawm ib tug universal xwm. Nws ua si tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tus tau. Lwm yam kws txawj cam hais tias lub stability ntawm cov qoob loo yog txiav txim los ntawm ib qho lus teb. Hais tias yog, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txaus tau. Meanwhile, feem ntau ntawm cov zaum pom zoo tias nrog tus uas tsis yog-meej thiab kev teb tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yav tag los yog tsis ib txwm tau mus ntes tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm heev heev universal tshua.