Ob chav nqaj hlau: kev siv lub tsev uas siv Finnish technology. Lub tsev ntawm ob chav ntoo: xyuas

Nws yog tus paub txawm tias tus kws kho lub hauv paus uas tawg tu lub tsev muaj ob lub ntsiab tseem ceeb: thin phab ntsa thiab txav ntawm cov yas. Lub tom kawg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub shrinkage ntawm ntoo. Yog li ntawd, cov tswv yim yog siv los tiv thaiv kev lag luam ntawm phab ntsa thiab ua rau lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Raws li cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm, cov phab ntsa hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis muaj thinner dua 20 cm.

Kev daws qhov teeb meem no tso cai rau kev siv ob chav kab teeb meem, uas yog thawj zaug siv los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv Finland. Lub teb chaws muaj tsawg tsawg tus tuab tuab ntoo uas yuav siv los tsim cov tsev, thaum tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm cov huab cua loj heev ntawm thaj chaw.

Dab tsi yog qhov essence ntawm tus tshiab technology?

Finnish engineers tau tsim los tsim ib lub tshuab uas tso cai rau lub tsev sov ntoo nrog cov nqi qis dua. Nws raug hu ua "ob chav bar". Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no technology tau tsawg los ua nrog lub bar nyob rau hauv lub niaj zaus kev nkag siab. Nws essence lies nyob rau hauv lub fact tias mus cuag lub zoo tuab ntawm phab ntsa siv ob daim ntawv piling laug cam, ntawm uas yog ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.

Lub tsev nyob ntawm ob npaug taum technology yog qhia tau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua qub, piv rau cov tsev los ntawm cov khoom ntoo ntawm cov ntoo sib luag. Piv nrog rau insulated glued nqaj, qhov kev siv tshuab tsis siv cov nplaum sib txuas. Rhaub feem ntau yog siv los ua ecowool lossis ntxhia cov ntaub plaub.

Ob chav nqaj hlau: ntau lawm

Zus tau cov khoom siv rau kev siv cov tsev uas siv ob lub tshuab coj los sib txawv los ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm ib qho kev qhia txog kev nqaj hlau. Nws yog nqa tawm ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - ib txoj kab los yog ib feem ntawm kev sib tsoo.

Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ntau theem:

• Kev tsim cov khoom siv;
• Drilling qhov rau kev ruaj ntseg rau pawg neeg sib sau;
• Chaskonarezanie;
• Tu cev;
• Txiav cov haujlwm workpiece;
• Tshem tawm ntawm qhov seem;
• Npav;
• Kev rwb thaiv los ntawm cov khoom siv;
• Ntim.

Cov txiaj ntsig

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev sib tw ob lub tsev yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Lub thickness ntawm nws cov phab ntsa tsis vam khom lub taub ntawm lub cav los yog nqaj. Lub txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog xaiv raws li cov kev cai teev tseg hauv feem thermal engineering qauv. Qhov thib ob zoo ntawm lub tshuab yog qhov tsawg kawg shrinkage ntawm phab ntsa, oscillating nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 1-2%.

Yuav pib ua haujlwm puv ntoob ntawm lub tsev, ua rau lub tshuab fais fab, koj tuaj yeem tom qab sib txoos ntawm phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev. Cov tsev qub tsis tau siv tam sim ntawd, vim hais tias koj yuav tsum tos kom txog thaum tsob ntoo tau qhuav thiab lub hau "yuav" poob mus rau qhov chaw. Hauv qhov no, tsis tas yuav tau tos.

Kev txhim kho ntawm lub tsev los ntawm ob chav bar yog yooj yim, tsis yog siv zog thiab tsis tas yuav siv cov khoom siv sib txua, uas muaj txiaj ntsim zoo rau lub sij hawm erection ntawm lub tsev thiab cov nqi nyiaj txiag. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog lub rooj sib txoos ntawm phab ntsa, kub rwb thaiv tsev ua hauj lwm yog nqa, sau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub pab ntsa. Cov phab ntsa hauv cov tsev los ntawm ob chav nqaj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxiv insulated thiab trimmed.

Disadvantages

"Double beam", Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam zoo, muaj ntau qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws muaj xws li shrinkage rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis nws tshwm sim thaum siv mineral pob zeb. Kuj tseem muaj kev tawg tuaj.
Lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov cwj pwm tsis sib txig ntawm cov tawv nqaij ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv tsev siv rau cov tsev uas tau tsim siv ob txoj kab sib qus. Kev txhim kho kev txhim kho kom paub tseeb tias nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, xws li teeb meem tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov. Tsawg kawg, tsis muaj lus teb.

Kev paub ntawm daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov lag luam domestic

Hauv cov khw muag khoom, technology tau siv txij li tsis ntev los no, yog li tsis muaj leej twg lees tias lub tsev ntoo yuav ua tiav lawv cov dej num hauv peb cov kev mob nyhav. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum ntseeg tus Finnish kev tsim vaj tse, vim lawv tau ua vaj tse los ntawm ob chav ntoo rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo thiab ua tiav cov vaj tse hauv lawv cov kev mob nyhav.

Nws tsis yog los tsim kom tau ib lub tsev rau ntawm qhov cuab yeej technology no, vim nws txoj kev tsim kho zoo peb xav tau pab pawg ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav lub pos, grooves thiab mating dents npaj rau kaum keeb pob. Yog tias tsis muaj ib pab neeg tshwj xeeb thiab kev nrhiav tau ntawm tus neeg tu vajtse, nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm li. Yog li ntawd, kom txuag tau nyiaj txiag yog qhov teeb meem.

Structural zog

Cov cuab yeej ntawm ob lub nqaj nqaj yuav tsis piv rau cov qauv siv li ib txwm, qhov twg cov rwb thaiv tsev yog nruab nrab ntawm ob sab phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua yam yog nyob rau uneven tuav. Muaj kuj yog ib lub qis ntawm no technology - ib "ob chav mini-bar". Qhov kev tsim kho yog zoo li, tab sis cov phab ntsa hauv nws tseem ceeb dua.

Nce cov yam ntxwv lub dag lub zog thiab muab ib tug joist, yog hais tias nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev lawv mus tsoo rau hauv lub phab ntsa. Hauv kev siv tshuab, koj tuaj yeem siv cov dry lumber xwb, uas cuam tshuam loj heev rau lub zog ntawm lub tsev raws li tag nrho. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias ziab lub bar ua rau ib tug poob ntawm 13% noo noo, vim tias molecular bonds yog tawg. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub beam yuav muab raws nraim tib yam ntawm noo noo tias nws yuav nqus. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsis muaj kev sib deev.

Chav rwb thaiv tsev

Rau erection ntawm lub tsev, uas nws cov phab ntsa muaj ob peb plag tsev, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov teeb meem vapor. Yog tsis muaj nws txoj kev xav, nws tsis pom zoo kom tsim. Qhov thib ob beam yog ib qho kev zam, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev ua rau ntawm no technology yuav inevitably nqus noo noo tom qab ib lub sij hawm. Yog li ntawd muaj ib lub tswv yim tias ib lub rhaub ntawm kab teeb yog qhov chaw ntawm rot tsim. Tib lub sij hawm, cov tuam txhab tsim tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse ntawm kev siv tshuab no, cam thawj hais tias tsis muaj teeb meem yav tas los tsis tau xa ob chav tsev nqaj hlau. Cov kev xyuas ntawm cov tswv coincide tias nws yog txaus siv cov zaj duab xis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov plag tsev.

Tab sis kuj muaj qhov tsis suav. Qee cov tswv yim txhawj xeeb txog qhov tsis muaj vapor barrier xws li, vim li no thaum siv kev siv daim ntaub thaiv tsis zoo, uas yog siv tom qab rwb thaiv tsev. Cov neeg ua kev txawj ntse tsis ntseeg txog qhov no, vim hais tias nws yuav tsis cia cov phab ntsa ua pa tawm, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem ntev ntev dua.

Ecowool ua ib lub phab ntsa

Thaum tsim ib lub tsev ntoo, tsis txhob muab cov khoom hluav taws xob ua kom tsis zoo, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog siv lub rwb thaiv tsev tsis huv. Cov khoom noj no yog ecowool, lub ntsiab feem ntawm cov cellulose. Nws tsis rot, tsis shrink thiab tsis yog nquag tuaj tua hluav taws.

Tshawb nrhiav rau cov khoom muaj raws li nram no:

• Kab laum Acoustic - 46 dB;
• Lwv ntsiab lus - condensate yuav tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov qauv mob;
• rwb thaiv tsev - 0,13 m ² ib m ² ntawm cov phab ntsa;
• coefficient ntawm thermal conductivity - 0.2W / m ^2.

Lub ecowool yog cua tshuab qhuav hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab. Qhov siab yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj peb meters. Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm hauv theem. Tab sis ntawm no nws muaj qee yam teeb meem: qhov "eco-wool" nyob rau hauv "ob chav bar" yog cua tshuab tawm tib yam li hauv cov ncej phab ntsa. Yog hais tias qhov dej ciav zaum kawg raug kaw thiab ncav cuag qhov yuav tsum tau ceev tsis yooj yim, ces cov khoom yog ntau dua thiab, raws li qhov tsim nyog tau, khom tau. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pom ib txoj kev tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem no thiab siv lub tshuab tshwj xeeb tshuab molding. Tsis ntev los no, ntxhia yaj ywm tau pom zoo heev.

Cov ntxhuav daig raws li lub rhaub dej

Cov khoom yog kev ntseeg, environmentally friendly thiab kuj pheej yig. Yog cov ntxhiab yaj siv los ua lub tshuab rhaub, nws tsim nyog los npaj ib qho thaiv qhov chaw ntawm chav tsev (rau ecowools no tsis tiav). Tsis tas li, dhau sij hawm nws tawg thiab, raws li qhov tsim nyog, khoob khoob khoob hauv cov phab ntsa raug tsim. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom yuav tsum tau them nrog antiseptic sab hauv thiab sab nraum.

Sawdust

Rau cov cua sov ntawm phab ntsa, nws yog pom zoo kom siv stale sawdust. Yog hais tias koj muaj ntawm tes tsuas yog tshiab, ces lawv muaj peev xwm soaked rau 24 teev nyob rau hauv txiv qaub thiab tsuas yog tom qab uas knead. Tus txheej txheem yog poured nyob rau hauv tov khoom ² m sawdust thiab ob lub hnab ntawm MAAs. Tag nrho me ntsis moisturize, sib tov, poob pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub phab ntsa thiab rammer. Ib qho teeb meem loj ntawm cov khoom yog cov nas, pwm los yog otsyrivanie.

Quav hniav

Cov khoom zoo ua hauj lwm ntawm ua kom sov lub phab ntsa. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab tsis siv, vim lawv ntseeg hais tias huab cua nws tus kheej yog ib qho zoo heev rwb thaiv tsev. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias nws ua hauj lwm raws li lub thermal rwb thaiv tsev hauv qhov rooj thaum nws nyob ruaj ruaj. Qhov no yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv: lawv tsim muaj ntau tus kab noj hniav nrog cua "tsau".

Qee lub sij hawm siv polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, tab sis nws tseem kim heev, vim li ntawd nws tsis siv rau kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab tom qab lub sij hawm raug puas lawm.

Cov phab ntsa cov nplaim hluav taws xob muaj phom muaj fiber ntau. Haum kuj yog siv cov quav cab los yog lwm cov khoom uas tsis ncuav nrog lub sijhawm. Nws tseem ceeb heev kom nco ntsoov nws cov kev sib haum xeeb nrog ntoo.

Cov theem ntawm kev siv ib lub tsev uas siv ob lub tshuab raj

Xyuas tau hais tias kev ywj pheej tsim ntawm lub tsev yuav mus tsuas yog thaum poob ntawm nws qhov kev zoo, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis muaj cov kws tshwj xeeb. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev muaj cov theem hauv qab no:

• Kos kev loj hlob (qhov project). Nws suav nrog txoj kev npaj tsim, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam tsev cov façade, kev xaiv ntawm architecture. Feem ntau, cov tuam txhab lag luam tshwj xeeb muag ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho, muab cov kev pabcuam rau tsim lub tsev tsim, yog li koj tuaj yeem tig mus rau lawv los pab. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib txoj kev npaj hauv Internet, tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
• Tsim ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim los rau hauv koj tus account tag nrho koj xav tau thiab kos ib daim duab ntawm tag nrho cov tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom. Ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm yuav ua tau dawb. Tab sis qhov no yuav tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm thaum koj kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog lub khi ntawm daim ntawv cog lus rau kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas koj xav mus pib npaj rau tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tsis yog ib tug tag nrho-fledged siv, kev pab yuav raug nqi txog 400 rubles / m ² (nyob rau hauv Moscow).
• Npaj cov khoom rau cov khoom siv ntoo hauv tsev. Qhov no yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab xav tau kev txhawb zog ntawm cov tsev nyob rau ntawm kev siv cuab yeej ntawm "double beams". Xyuas builders hais tias rau qhov siv thiab ua ib lub tsev nrog ib tug tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm 100 m ² nyob rau nruab nrab nws yuav siv sij hawm 1 lub hli, tsis tau noj mus rau hauv tus account lub complexity ntawm nws cov architecture.
• Kev tsim kho ntawm tus qauv. Qhov no yog zaum kawg theem ntawm lub rooj sib txoos ntawm cov khoom siv qhov chaw. Tsis pub rau tes lossis kua nplaum yog siv rau ntawm nws, tiam sis tsuas yog "kho" tag nrho cov ntshav thiab txuas. Muab cov pob qij txha muab siab ua kom muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv.

Tus nqi

Cov tsev siv los tsim cov tshuab "cav ntoo" ntau dua li cov tsev uas siv ntoo. Nruab nrab nqi ntawm 1 ^m2 ntawm insulated phab ntsa yuav raug nqi 5500 rubles. Tus nqi ntawm ib tug khoom ntoo timber ntawm 150 mm yuav raug nqi pheej yig dua - 3,500 RUB. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub hais tias ib tug bar ntawm tuab ntawm txawm 20 cm yuav tsum tau ua kom sov.

Cov cuab yeej ntawm ob phab ntsa thaiv phab ntsa muab kev npaj txhij uas tsis xav tau haujlwm ntxiv thiab, yog li ntawd, cov nqi.

Rau kev sib piv, peb yuav muab cov nqi kwv yees los ntawm ib lub phab ntsa los ntawm ib tus nqaj hlau profiled. Raws li twb tau sau tseg, qhov nruab nrab nqi ntawm cov "liab qab" phab ntsa thickness ntawm 15 cm yog 3 500 rubles / m ^2. Rwb thaiv tsev, piv txwv li, 20 cm ekovaty muaj nqis 800 rubles / m ^2. Ua hauj lwm rau lub installation ncej thiab clapboard siding - ib tug ntxiv 600 rubles / m ^2. Hais tias yog, ntxiv rwb thaiv tsev ua hauj lwm cav hauv cav ntoo nqi ntawm kwv yees li 1400 / m ^2. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, 4900 RUR / m ² - tus nqi koj yuav tau them ib m ² nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm ib tug muab ob npaug rau beam. Kev txheeb xyuas nyob rau tib lub sij hawm hais tau peb tias ib qho txawv me me ntawm qhov nqi tsis tseem ceeb, vim cov tshuab muaj ntau qhov zoo.