Nylon - qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom, thiab tsis yog ib tug kev hloov rau tej yam ntuj tso fabrics

Niaj hnub no, thaum feem ntau tau txais kev pab xav khaub ncaws ua los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso fabrics, tsab synthetics craze uas ntsib qhov tseeb hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab Soviet haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub lig fifties thiab thaum ntxov sixties ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Peb ces mas "los ntawm txawv teb chaws" kaj tsho thiab nkawm thom khwm heev fashionable, dudes them rau lawv chim nyiaj, thiab nyob rau hauv Ntxiv nrog rau qhov zoo nkauj Library thiab pom lwm yam zoo xws li cov neeg zoo.

Ntxuav tej no yooj yim, lawv qhuav li incredibly ceev ceev, yuav luag tsis xav tau ironing, thiab kuj tsis los. Nws ciali hais tias lub nylon - nws yog ib lub cim ntawm kev siv technology tshiab kev kawm, lub neej yav tom ntej rau lawv, yuav siv sij hawm heev tej lub sij hawm, thiab tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no yuav hnav nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv uas tej yam.

tshuaj yam

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub fifties, nws yog tsis tshiab. Yog hais tias koj thov kom piav qhia rau cov kws muaj txuj nyob rau hauv cov organic Science News for KIDS, nws teb hais tias, nyob rau hauv nws cov essence, nylon - ib tug Polyamide.

Tsis tas yuav mus rau hauv lub intricacies ntawm lub scientific, tus neeg twg uas coj ib lub tsev kawm cov hoob kawm, muaj peev xwm xav txog tej yam ib cov saw ntawm molecules ncav us txog nyob rau hauv ntev thiab muaj tib yam units. Kom cov khoom ntawm tej khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm lub loj polymer qauv yuav raug hloov los ntawm kev ntxiv ib tug branching thiab zoo, tab sis, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub nylon yog yooj yim heev, nws yog tsim los ntawm peb kiag li tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj: cua thee thiab dej. Monomer, i.e. amide, txuas rau nws tus kheej nrog zoo xws li cov molecules thiab cov polymer ntaub ntawv ib tug heev check thiab resistant rau feem ntau cov hom ntawm corrosive influences.

Thaum nylon vuam txwv ntev twb khoom kim heev

Tus thawj polymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub amide ua lub American lub tuam txhab "DuPont" kws txawj nyob rau hauv 1930. Nyob rau hauv ze li ntawm ib xyoo caum, lub tuam txhab tib tau pib lawm ntawm cov poj niam tus vuam txwv ntev, tshaj immortalized nws lub npe, thiab yog li fabulously enriched. Qhov no piquant kev kawm ntawm cov poj niam txoj kev wardrobe sai ua dab tsi yuav tsis tau ua li cas rau feem ntau txaus ntshai dictators ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Nylon vuam txwv ntev twb kov yeej lub ntiaj teb no.

Cov savory khoom tau kim, nws yog txoj cai ntawm capitalism Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm kev ua lag luam monopoly domination ntawm khoom tshiab "DuPont" lub tuam txhab. Ces, tshiab competitors, thiab cov vuam txwv ntev tau ua ntau pheej yig khoom kim heev rau cov neeg ntawm cov neeg teb chaws uas lawv tau ua. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv post-tsov rog Teb chaws Europe thiab lub USSR lawv speculated.

Nylon thiab prewar cov miv nyuas

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thaum lub polymer American vuam txwv ntev taug kev mus rau lub ntiaj chaw, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no txoj lwm, thiab tsis qab ntxiag thiab nthuav cov txheej xwm. Noob neej yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog ntiaj teb no tua neeg pov tseg. Lub yavtom ntej tsov rog yuav tsum tau kev pab, ib tug ntau yam. Peb yuav tsum tau ua rau pua pua lab ntawm tons ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom, xws li ib tug uas qhov tsim nyog ntuj thiab kim Cheebtsam li raw cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej parachutes tau ua los ntawm txhob lo lo ntxhuav, thiab tsheb thiab aircraft log tsheb ua los ntawm roj hmab. Tsheb thiab dav hlau me me, thiab cov khoom kim heev ntawm lub warring lub teb chaws yuav them taus. Nyob rau hauv lub lig thirties qhov ntim ntawm zus tau tej cov tub rog cov khoom tau nce sharply. Thiab nws muab tawm hais tias cov ntaub lis loos - ib cov khoom tsis tsuas yog rau cov stocking.

xaiv yaam khoom

Tub rog daim ntaub ntawv ntawm no polymer yog sab heev. Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog thiab lawv tom ntej nws ua ntau, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug muaj zog fiber. Nylon lub tuam txhab "DuPont" ib tug tshwj xeeb hu ua Kevlar, thiab qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog tsib lub sij hawm muaj zog tshaj hlau, yuav siv rau qhov siv thiab lub cev tej cuab yeej, uas muab tso rau American cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub teb chaws Nyab Laj ua tsov ua rog.

Ntuj roj hmab nyob rau hauv 1939 los ua ib tug xaiv yaam khoom thiab shipping nws los ntawm lub British zos no tsis tshua muaj yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv lub qhuav technology ntawm qhov chaw yav tas los ua los ntawm no tej yam ntuj tso polymer, peb twb pib siv nylon. Qhov no solved qhov teeb meem protectors, qab xib taws rau cov khau ntawm cov tub rog thiab lwm yam teeb meem.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XXI muaj ntau kev txhais tau tias, uas yav dhau los tiam yeej tsis ua npau suav txog. Tom qab lub invention ntawm compact radars mounted rau aircraft, ships thiab cuaj luaj, cov lus nug sawv ntawm kev tsim ib radome. Hlau, rau cuab yog vim li cas, rau lub hom phiaj no yog tsis tsim nyog, nws shields lub teeb liab. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob, ib tug polyester los yog ntaub lis loos.

dua Ris tsho

Dej kuj yog lub meej mom, thiab tsis ntawm cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm polymeric webs. Lub cev tsis ntawm cov khoom mus rau "ua pa" tsim ib tug ntau ntawm txaav, tej yam "float." Txawm li cas los, qhov teeb meem no engineers tau kawm mus tua, tsim ib daim nyias nyias thiab perforated cov ntaub ntawv. Niaj hnub nimno ntaub lis loos - ib tug high-tech ntaub, tej zaum muaj peev xwm ntawm unilaterally ua conductivity dej lwg me me ruaj khov (nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub analogues 40-60 ies) rau ultraviolet tawg thiab kub.

Txawm li cas los, thaum ntxuav khaub ncaws ua los ntawm cov khoom no yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias nylon yog heev tsis zoo tso raug tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov hmoov. Heev tib zoo koj yuav tau mus thov kom ironing. Txawm li cas los, cov shortcomings tej zaum yuav daws tsis ntev lub zog ntawm chemists, technologists ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tuam txab ua no cov ntaub ntawv uas.