Ntawv ua los ntawm cov ntoo: los ntawm uas nws yog tsim los

Ntawv yog noj los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau. Ib tug neeg muaj ib puas thiab tsib caug kilograms ib xyoo. Los ntawm dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau daim ntawv, nyeem tsab xov xwm.

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

Ntev dhau los, nyob rau hauv 105 BC, CAI Lun - Imperial pej xeem ntawm Tuam Tshoj, ua ib daim ntawv los ntawm mulberry ntoo. Nws ua ib tug sib tov ntawm nws cov ntoo, hemp, rags, ntoo tshauv thiab ntxiv tag nrho nws nteg rau ib qho screen kom qhuav. Ces qhuav loj polished pob zeb.

Kuv tau txais tus ntawv tawm ntawm ntoo, thiab Suav eunuch CAI Lun yog thawj sau ntawm nws cov technology. Yog li ntawd hais tias cov Suav. Tab sis cov neeg muaj ib tug txawv lub tswv yim ntawm kws tshawb fawb. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias archaeologists feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj ntawv scraps, uas hnub ua ntej lawm lub sij hawm.

raw cov ntaub ntawv

Ntawv ua los ntawm cov ntoo sis plawv hniav thiab lwm yam fibers ntawm zaub keeb kwm: pas nrig, mov straw, hemp, thiab kuj los ntawm daim ntaub pov tseg, khib nyiab daim ntawv thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Rau siv ntoo sis plawv hniav txawv ntoo. Ntoo sis plawv hniav yuav tsum npaj kom txhij nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev.

Nws yog tau hais tias yuav lub feem ntau yig txhua yam txoj kev. Lub enterprise txua ntoo ntoo yog txiav, nws puv me nyuam. Nws yog tov nrog dej. Ntawv los ntawm lub pulp nyob rau hauv no yav tas, lub cev tsis kho, tsim ntawv xov xwm therefrom. High quality ntawv muaj cellulose uas yog tau siv cov tshuaj txoj kev. Ua li no, ntawm cov cav ntoo txiav mus rau hauv me me chips. Nws txheeb los ntawm loj. Ces raus nyob rau hauv ib tug tov nrog tshuaj thiab boiled nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuab. Tom qab no twb lim thiab ntxuav, uas ntxiv impurities raug muab tshem tawm. Thaum nws puv ntawv cov ntaub ntawv uas uas yog hu ua ntoo sis plawv hniav. Los ntawm nws ua daim ntawv rau cov phau ntawv Magazine, cov phau ntawv, pamphlets, wrapping ntaub ntawv siab zog.

Ntawv ua los ntawm sawdust nrog nws tus kheej ob txhais tes

Sawdust los ntawm ntoo thuv los yog spruce yog lawm ua tus sau nrog dej thiab siav raws nraim hnub. Cov dej ntxiv mus rau lub caustic dej qab zib. Rau cov tsis muaj xws li, koj yuav siv tau ci dej qab zib. Tom qab ua noj ua haus, lub sib tov twb ntxuav nrog dej thiab wrung tawm. Mam li rov, sawdust poured mus rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub nrog dej thiab muab tso rau hauv hluav taws. Thaum lub rwj, yias tawm lub tshav kub, nws cov ntsiab lus yog crushed nrog ib tug tov. Nws puv pulpy loj teeb taub hau.

Thaum chips siav, ua ncej yog muab tso rau ib tug pallet, nws yog stretched gauze. Siav loj yog poured mus rau hauv lub thav duab thiab faib uniformly tshaj tag nrho saum npoo. Tshaj dej yuav ntws mus rau hauv lub sump. Tab sis rau cov ceev ceev tshem tawm ntawm dej yuav tsum tau promakivat ntxeem tau dej daim ntaub. Ces tus ncej yog inverted thiab daim ntawv tau los ntawm qhov nyhav, yog yooj yim sib cais therefrom.

Sheet yuav tsum npog ob sab ntawm daim ntawv los yog ntawv xov xwm thiab muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov laug cam rau sab saum toj nyem ib yam dab tsi hnyav. Nyob rau hauv xws siab, nws yuav tsum nyob twj ywm rau tsib feeb. Tom qab ntawd, daim ntawv ntxiab muab tso rau hauv ib tug ntawv ci thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv lub hnub, nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub, kaw cov roj teeb.

qauv

Ntawv ua los ntawm cov ntoo raws li sis plawv hniav, uas siv ib tug cov neeg kho tshuab ntau lawm txoj kev. Tej zaum lub hauv paus ntawm lwm yam ntaub ntawv los ntawm. Qhov no daim ntawv yuav tsum ua txawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Tab sis nws yuav tsis zoo.

Niaj hnub no sis plawv hniav yog npaj los ntawm tshuaj txoj kev siv cov txheej txheem. Rau high-quality ntawv nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum muaj cov nram qab cov khoom xyaw:

• Sizing hydrophobic, uas tiv thaiv lub kis ntawm number case rau ntawm daim ntawv. Lawv tsis qhia los ntawm nyob rau hauv lub rov qab sab ntawm daim ntawv. Raws li siv rosin sizing nplaum.
• Lub cob nplaum los yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej. Tsaug rau cov tshuaj ntawv los ntawm ntoo yog ntau check thiab resistant mus rau ntau yam influences rau nws.
• Kaolin, talc los yog chalk ua daim ntawv tsawg pob tshab thiab ua rau kom nws ceev.

hom ntoo

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj thiab mos mos. Tus thawj hom ntoo yog tau los ntawm softwood ntoo: ntoo thuv, fir, spruce, redwood, thiab hemlock. Softwood tau los ntawm broad-leaved ntoo: beech, Maple, poplar, birch thiab ntoo qhib. Nyob rau hauv teb chaws sov cheeb tsam - teak, mahogany thiab dub.

Ntawv los ntawm ntoo ntawm cov tsiaj yog heev menyuam. Tab sis lawv, hmoov tsis, loj hlob maj mam. Lawv txiav down ntau tshaj cov me nyuam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws sov forests ntawm cov nqi ntoo yuav me me.

Ntawv ntau lawm hnub no

Qhov no daim ntawv yog ib tug uas yog ua los ntawm loj ntawm ib tug neeg fibers uas yog tau macerating cellulosic feedstock. Nyhav yog thawj tov nrog dej thiab ces daus daim ntawv, uas mesh yog ncav us txog. Tshaj dej drains, qhov loj dries, daim ntawv ntawv yog tau. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas Suav pej xeem CAI Lun tau txais nws thawj daim ntawm daim ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, txawm hais tias nws yog ze li ntawm ob txhiab xyoo, tseem ceeb kev hloov tau tshwm sim.

Niaj hnub no, daim ntawv txiav txim siab yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv niaj hnub factories nrog zoo khw, cov khoom siv uas ua txawv ua hauj lwm. Tom qab tau txais cov ntoo sis plawv hniav fibers impart daim ntawv thiab cov qauv, rau cov uas daim ntawv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog tov nrog adhesives thiab resins. Adhesive repels cov dej los ntawm daim ntawv, thiab cov cob txwv tsis pub cov kis ntawm number case. Ntawv ua los ntawm cov ntoo, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug yees duab nyob rau hauv cov zaub, tsis nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm tej kev kho mob rau printing hom phiaj vim tus number case tsis kis tau.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog painting. Ua li no, daim ntawv yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug tov khoom nrog pigments los yog dyes. Ces mush noj rau hauv lub tshuab, uas yog hu ua daim ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho cov ua kauj ruam nyob rau hauv no tshuab hnyav ua lub yob ntawv ribbon uas kis tau ntau chais, ib tug presses rau hauv dej, tus lwm yam - dries rau daim kab xev, lub thib peb - polishes.

Nyob rau hauv lub kauj ruam tom ntej ntawm daim ntawv no xa mus rau qhov kev rau ntub pressing. Muaj, lub fibers yog degreased thiab ntau compacted. Cov no ib tug qhuav daim ntawv ntawm cov ntoo dawb, lub qhov txhab mus rau ib tug loj loj yob uas mus rau lub tshuab luam ntawv. Muaj, lawv yuav muab txiav kom tus yuav tsum tau loj.