Novgorod Chronicle - priceless monuments

Vaj Keeb Kwm ntawm Novgorod muaj ib tug ntev kev lig kev cai, rooted nyob rau hauv lub XI xyoo pua thiab lasted rau xya centuries. Cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm ancient sau phau ntawv, ua ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm socio-thoj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no loj heev cheeb tsam.

Start Chronicle

Extant Novgorod chronicle teev kev meej xws tsib chav. Txhua yam ntawm lawv muaj ob peb npe, hu ua thab. Piv txwv li, tus thawj Novgorod Chronicle nyob rau hauv nws thaum ntxov recension npog lub sij hawm los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub XIII thiab XIV mus rau lub forties ntawm lub xyoo pua. Nws tau raug fwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug me me daim ntawv teev cov parchment, uas muaj ib hom tsis tau siab tshaj ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm ib tus qauv page, uas muaj ib puas thiab rau caum cuaj los xij.

Ib tug tom qab recension yog nws cov ntau yam ua supplemented, thiab muab nws tso rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ncua cover ib tug keeb kwm theem, extending mus rau lub thirties ntawm lub XV caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub luv luv version "Lavxias teb sab tseeb" - ib tug tshwj xeeb sau los ntawm XI xyoo pua, muaj ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm cov kev cai ntawm kev cai lij choj ntawm Kievan Rus - nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam monuments ntawm ancient lawmaking. Novgorod Chronicle yau recension, raws li zoo raws li nws cov tom qab version yog muab cia rau hauv tus sau los ntawm lub Synodal Department ntawm lub State keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej.

Txais yuav los ntawm ib theem zuj zus ntawm lub Novgorod Vaj Keeb Kwm

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub zwj ceeb ib theem zuj zus tus xov tooj keeb kwm tau muab raws li nyob rau hauv lub sib tam ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lawv, thiab tsis qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev sau ntawv cov ntawv lawv tus kheej. Piv txwv li, lub chronology ntawm cov txheej xwm uas muaj Novgorod annals recension thawj thiab ua raws li ob, muaj ib tug ncaj qha continuation nyob rau hauv lub plaub cov ntaub ntawv, kuj fwm nyob rau hauv ob peb recensions.

Lub chronicler qhia nws hais txog cov xwm txheej uas coj qhov chaw mus txog rau lub forties - fifties ntawm lub XV caug xyoo, thiab nyob rau hauv particular ua nws mus rau lub npe thiab them nyob rau hauv ib tug tom qab lub sij hawm. Muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm yuav ntseeg tau hais tias ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm qhov kev tsis fwm rau peb hnub Novgorod-Sofia koov hais nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntaub ntawv raws li Sofia Thawj Chronicle.

Fifth Novgorod Chronicle

Kawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, conventionally xws tooj tsib, yog ib qho yooj yim mus pom tias nws tsis yog ntau tshaj ib tug ob peb ua thiab tej supplemented rau no plaub cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm uas qhov kev sib tham mus saum toj no. Hauj lwm ntawm cov keeb kwm cov txheej xwm yog poob mus rau hauv nws 1446 xyoo.

Annals, qhia txog lub sij hawm Ivana Groznogo

Novgorodskie chronicle muaj thib ob thiab thib peb serial tooj, cuaj kaum sau ntau npaum li cas tom qab tshaj lub plaub thiab tsib. Qhov no kom meej meej qhia ua los ntawm cov lus tsom xam ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Piv nrog rau lwm cov keeb kwm cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias tus thib ob chronicle muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lwm yam sib txawv qiv keeb kwm tso ua ke nyob rau hauv Novgorod.

Extant nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv teev, uas, raws li kev soj ntsuam, irretrievably poob, nws muaj ib tug txiav txim nqi ntawm nthuav cov lus tseeb hais txog rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub reign ntawm Ivana Groznogo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb cov yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub Livonian ua tsov ua rog thiab lub Kazan phiaj los nqis tes.

Pov thawj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub teb chaws lub neej

Ua raws li nws thib peb chronicle khaws cia nws kim heev cov lus qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev cai dab qhuas lub neej nyob rau hauv Novgorod rau peb, thiab nyob rau hauv particular rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev vaj tse nyob rau hauv nws. Qhov no daim ntawv yog ib qho invaluable cov khoom siv rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ancient architecture lig Nrab Hnub nyoog. Zoo li ib co lwm yam Novgorod Chronicle, daim ntawv yog paub nyob rau hauv ob peb recensions, thiab, yog tias lub ntsiab kho nqi lus theem qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej xwm ua ntej 1675, nyob rau hauv nws npe, lawv tseem onward.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov monuments, luam tawm nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm thiab ua muaj rau cov pej xeem, muaj kuj yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm keeb kwm ntaub ntawv uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv cov xwm Novgorod Sophia pab pawg neeg. Cov no muaj xws, nyob rau hauv particular, no yuav tsum muaj qhov thiaj li hu ua rau Novgorod Chronicle. Tsis zoo li nws predecessors, nrog rau ib tug lus piav qhia txog cov txheej xwm uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub nroog nws tus kheej, nws muaj ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm lub teb chaws ntaub ntawv hais txog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tag nrho lub xeev.

priceless monuments

Muaj ntau unpublished keeb kwm monuments nyob rau hauv ib tug degree los yog lwm complementary ntaub ntawv teev nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim rau vaults, raws li hais saum toj no. Nyob rau hauv kev Novgorodskie keeb kwm yog cov feem ntau heev heev thiab capacious cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Muaj ntau monuments ntawm ancient sau ntawv, kos nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm ancient Rus, dais cov imprint ntawm lawv cawv.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov account ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub annals yog dog dig biased, vim lub domination ntawm lub ideology ntawm qhov kev txiav txim kawm ntawv Boyar koom pheej, Txawm li cas los nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tus sau phau ntawv 'sympathies kom meej meej nyob rau sab ntawm lub heev.