Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian composer: biography, creativity

Mykola Lysenko, uas nws biography yog piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm - Ukrainian composer thiab neeg xyuas pib, pianist thiab pej xeem daim duab, ib tug txawj ntse kws qhia ntawv. Ib tug lub neej sau pej xeem cov nkauj. Nws tau ua ib tug ntau rau cov kev sib raug zoo thiab kev cai lub neej ntawm Ukraine.

tsev neeg

Lysenko Nikolay Vitalevich - los ntawm ib tug laus Cossack tsev neeg. Nws txiv, Vitaly Romanovich, yog ib tug colonel cuirassier tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Niam, Olga Eremeevna originating los ntawm tus tswv tsev Lutsenko.

thaum yau

Los ntawm thaum ntxov thaum yau, thawj hom kev kawm ntawm Nicholas, leej twg yug nyob rau hauv 1842, nws niam yog nws tus kheej, ua ke nrog rau cov kws sau paj lug tseeb. Nws qhia Fabkis Nicholas, seev cev thiab cwj pwm zoo. Thiab qhov tseeb qhia Lavxias teb sab. Thaum Nicholas yog 5 xyoo, Olga Eremeevna pom nws tus tub ib tug saj rau suab paj nruag. Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj nws tau caw mus rau ib tug music xib fwb. Txij thaum ntxov thaum yau, Nicholas yog fond ntawm cov paj huam. Hlub Ukrainian pej xeem nkauj instilled nyob rau hauv nws ib tug zoo-pog thiab yawg.

tsim

Tom qab hauv tsev ntawd, Nicholas pib los npaj rau kev nkag mus kawm ntawv. Thawj nws kawm nyob rau hauv Weyl hostel, thiab ces Geduena. Mykola Lysenko nkag mus hauv lub 2nd Kharkov lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1855 kawm tiav los ntawm nws nrog honors nyob rau hauv 1859

Tom qab ntawd nws nkag mus hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kharkov. Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso science kws qhia ntawv. Ib xyoo tom qab, cov niam txiv mus nyob rau hauv Kiev, thiab Nicholas tau mus rau lub Kiev university, cov Physics thiab Lej kws qhia ntawv nyob rau lub Department of Natural Sciences. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm University nyob rau hauv 1864 thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug neeg sib tw ntawm science.

Tom qab ib co sij hawm, nyob rau hauv 1867, Nikolai V. ntxiv nws kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov Leipzig Conservatory, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Piano nws qhia K. Reynard E. Wenzel thiab I. Moscheles, muaj pes tsawg leeg - E. Richter, kev tshawb xav - Paperitts. Ntxiv Nikolai Lysenko zoo nyob rau hauv symphonic orchestration nyob rau hauv Petersburg Conservatory Rimsky-Korsakov.

Thaum pib ntawm ib tug muaj tswv yim txoj kev

Nyob rau hauv high school nws coj private suab paj nruag. Thiab maj nws los ua ib tug naas ej pianist. Nws yog feem ntau raug caw mus rau cov khoom thiab soirees, qhov uas nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm Mozart, Chopin, Beethoven. Dance nkauj ua si thiab improvised nrog Ukrainian melodies.

Thaum Nicholas kawm nyob rau University of Kiev, nws nrhiav kom tau ntau li ntau kev txawj ntse txog cov suab paj nruag. Yog li ntawd, ua tib zoo kawm opera xws nto moo composers li Glinka, Wagner, etc. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, Nikolai pib sau thiab harmonize Ukrainian pej xeem nkauj.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Mykola Lysenko ib lub koom haum tub ntxhais kawm ntawv choirs, coj thiab ua nrog lawv nyob rau hauv pej xeem. Thaum kawm nyob rau hauv lub Leipzig Conservatory, nws pom tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb los mus tsim, sau thiab tsim lub Ukrainian pej xeem cov suab paj nruag, es luam txawv teb chaws classics.

nws cov hauj lwm

Txij li thaum 1878, Nicholas los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm piano, ua hauj lwm ntawm lub koom haum rau Noble Maidens. Nyob rau hauv 1890-ies. kawm cov hluas nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag lub tsev kawm ntawv Tutkovsky thiab Blumenfeld. Nyob rau hauv 1904, Nikolai V. nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Kiev, nws lub tsev kawm ntawv (1913 -. Lysenko). Nws yog thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv uas muab kev kawm ntawv nyob rau conservatory.

Yuav kom tsim tau ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nws siv cov phooj ywg pub nyiaj npaj rau lub purchase ntawm cottages thiab khoom ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Institution yog tas li nyob rau hauv ze cov tub ceev xwm tswj. Nyob rau hauv 1907, Nikolai V. txawm raug ntes, tab sis nws twb tso tawm rau hauv lub tom ntej no thaum sawv ntxov.

Los ntawm 1908 mus 1912. nws chaired lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib ntawm "Ukrainian qws." Qhov no cov haiv neeg coj kev kawm ua ub no. Npaj suab paj nruag thiab kev sau ntawv cov txheej xwm thiab kev kawm kev cob qhia rau cov xib fwb. Nyob rau hauv 1911, Nikolai V. yog lub taub hau ntawm lub committee uas nce lub installation ntawm lub monument ntawm Taras Shevchenko. Lysenko tom qab ua neeg dawb huv music rau lub operetta "Natalka Poltavka".

Lysenko creativity

Lysenko thawj ua hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv 1868, thaum nws kawm nyob rau Leipzig Conservatory. Nws yog ib tug sau ntawm Ukrainian zaj nkauj rau piano thiab lub suab. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg scientific thiab ethnographic nqi. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo muaj ib tug thib ob ua hauj lwm - "Zapovit", sau rau lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm Shevchenko.

Ces ua raws li ib tug series hu ua "Music rau cov Kobzar". Nws muaj ntau tshaj li 80 tus neeg daim. lawv lwm yam nyob txawv. Tag nrho tej hauj lwm luam tawm xya series. Xeem luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1901

Mykola Lysenko yog yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm cov kev cai lub neej ntawm Kiev. Ua nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab paj nruas Society, nws coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv ntau concerts, uas twb muaj thoob plaws hauv Ukraine.

Nws twb koom nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruas voj voog. Thiab txawm tau kev tso cai mus rau theem ua, ua nyob rau hauv Ukrainian. Nyob rau hauv 1872, Nikolai V. thiaj li sau ob operettas: "Christmas Hmo ntuj" thiab "Chernomorets". Lawv tom qab los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub Ukrainian national art, mus ib txhis nkag mus hauv lub theatrical repertoire.

Nyob rau hauv 1873 Lysenko luam tawm thawj musicological ua hauj lwm txog Ukrainian lus dab neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Nikolai V. sau piano daim thiab symphonic fantasy.

Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nws, ua ke nrog V. Paskhalov txheej txheem suab qw concerts. Lawv qhov kev pab cuam muaj hauj lwm los ntawm Lysenko, raws li zoo raws li Lavxias teb sab, Ukrainian, Serbian thiab Polish songs. Nws yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nws sau nws thawj thawj Ukrainian Rhapsody rau ib lub ntsiab ntawm lub 1st thiab 2nd polonaises, sonatas rau piano.

Rov qab nyob rau hauv 1876 nyob rau hauv Kiev, Lysenko ua ib tug tseem ceeb nyob rau kev ua tau zoo ua si. Nws lub koom haum, concerts, ua si lub piano, tsim tshiab choirs. Cov nyiaj tsa los ntawm cov kev tshwm sim nws tau muab rau cov pej xeem xav tau kev pab. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm uas nws sau feem ntau ntawm nws loj tshaj tej hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv 1880, Nikolai V. pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws yeeb yam "Taras Bulba". Tom qab ntawd tuaj ntau ntau daim ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Peb kuj yuav tsum hais kev txhim kho ntawm cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub operetta "Natalka Poltavka" nyob rau hauv 1889. Qhov no ua hauj lwm tau hais ntau ntau zaus raug heev heev kev kho mob. Tab sis, tsuas nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Lysenko nws muaj pov thawj artistically tiav.

Nikolay V. tsim ib daim cheeb tsam - cov me nyuam txoj kev opera. Los ntawm 1892 mus 1902. nws npaj rau hu nkauj ua ke ncig saib nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Nyob rau hauv 1904 Lysenko qhib tus yeebyam tsev kawm ntawv, uas rau ntau xyoo tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb lub tsev kawm ntawv rau Ukrainian spetsobrazovaniya.

Nyob rau hauv 1905 nws, ua ke nrog A. Kosice Society Pawg Hu Nkauj "Boyan" twb nrhiav tau. Ua muaj creators. Tab sis tsis ntev cov "Boyan" tsaus muag vim hais tias ntawm nom tswv tej yam kev mob thiab cov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas puag. Society tau muaj rau xwb ib lub xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv nws xyoo tom ntej Lysenko sau cov hauj lwm "Aeneid." Opera mercilessly criticized lub autocratic kev txiav txim thiab tau los ua tus tsuas piv txwv ntawm satire nyob rau hauv Ukrainian suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam.

Sab nraum zoov kev ua ub no

Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, Nicholas koom tsis tau tsuas yog muaj tswv yim, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si. Nws - ib tug ntawm cov organizers ntawm lub neeg pluag Sunday lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws twb npaj Ukrainian phau ntawv txhais lus. Nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv Kiev census. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub South-West ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab thaj Society.

Tej lub neej

Nyob rau hauv 1868 Lysenko sib yuav nrog nws ob nkauj muam nraug nus lub tus muam tus ntxhais, Olgoy Aleksandrovnoy O'Connor. Nws yog yau dua nws 8 xyoo. Lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug sib yuav rau 12 xyoo, tab sis, ces mus vim hais tias lawv twb tsis muaj cov me nyuam. Cov hauj lwm kev sib nrauj tsis txim tuag.

Ob txhais sib yuav Lysenko yog ib tug pej xeem. Nyob rau ntawm ib yam ntawm cov concerts nyob rau hauv Chernigov nws tau ntsib Lipskoy Olgoy Antonovnoy. Tom qab ntawd nws los ua nws ntau-txoj cai tus poj niam. Lawv muaj tsib cov me nyuam. Olga tuag tom qab yug tus me nyuam ntawm ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv 1900

lub composer tuag

Lysenko Nikolay, composer, tuag rau nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1912 ntawm ib tug Sudden lub plawv nres. Nyob rau hauv parting nrog nws, txhiab los ntawm tag nrho cov Ukrainian cheeb tsam. Lub ntees tuag kev pab tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub Vladimir Cathedral. tuaj lub paab chorus tseem ua ntej ntawm lub ntees tuag Procession kev. Nws muaj 1,200 cov neeg, thiab lawv hu nkauj yuav tau hnov txawm nyob rau hauv Kiev. Lysenko raug faus nyob rau hauv Kiev Baikove toj ntxas.