Morphine - dab tsi yog qhov no? Morphine nyob rau hauv cancer. Morphine - lub analgesic

Morphine - dab tsi yog qhov no? Lo lus teb rau ib lo lus nug, koj yuav kawm tau hauv qab no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi tshuaj no yog siv raws li nws yog siv thiab li ntawd.

Morphine - dab tsi yog qhov no?

Nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv "morphine" formulation yog ib tug dawb crystalline hmoov. Los ntawm txoj kev, "morphine" - nws lub npe qub. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub npe ntawm lub yam khoom uas yog derived ntawm lub npe ntawm tus Greek vajtswv Morpheus, uas txib npau suav. Morphine - ib tug tshuaj uas yog ib tug alkaloid ntawm opium. Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub qhuav kua ntoo ntawm lub opium poppy. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, xws li ib tug yeeb tshuaj muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm xws tshuaj ntsuab, Stephanie, moonseed, sinomenium thiab lwm tus neeg.

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

Morphine - dab tsi yog qhov no? Nws yog ib tug yeeb tshuaj nrog analgesic, sedative thiab hypnotic los. Cov tshuaj, ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm xws li ib tug yeeb tshuaj, nquag siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob xyaum raws li thaum ntxov raws li 1805. Yog tsis muaj nws tsis ua tej yam lub tsev kho mob thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nyob rau hauv America. Raws li ib tug muaj zog analgesic tshuaj nkag tau rau nws raug mob cov tub rog intravenously thiab intramuscularly tom qab phais. Qhov no zoo heev tswj lawv kev txom nyem. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no txhais tau tias heev sai sai hom. Tsis ntev, qhov mob yog mob tom qab heev siv ntawm cov tshuaj, tau txais nws lub npe raws li ib tug "tub rog tus kab mob."

Raws li koj paub, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, morphine twb siv tsis tsuas cov tub rog, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov kws kho mob uas yog siv nws xav tau tshem ntawm qaug zog.

Daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tso tawm

Kev npaj "morphine" yog muaj raws li cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm 0.01 g, 1% daws nyob rau hauv vials thiab koob txhaj-tube, 1 ml.

thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj

Piav txog morphine (ib tug yeeb tshuaj), koj muaj peev xwm kos nws lub nram qab no nta:

• Ua active tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov dawb acicular muaju los yog dawb crystalline hmoov uas yog me ntsis daj los yog sereet thaum lub sij hawm cia.
• Tej txhais tau tias yog maj mam soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab sparingly soluble nyob rau hauv dej cawv. Nws yog incompatible nrog alkalis. Qhov npaj tov yuav tsum tau sterilized nyob rau ntawm 100 ° C rau ib nrab ib teev. Rau stabilizing nws twb ntxiv hydrochloric acid.
• Lub melting point ntawm kev npaj no yog 254 ° C.
• Kev sib hloov cov tshuaj - 2%.
• Ignites ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 261 ° C.
• Autoignition tshwm sim nyob rau 349 ° C.

pharmacodynamics

Morphine - yeeb siv tshuaj uas tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov opioid analgesics. Nws ua rau zoo siab, txo kev mob cov tsos mob, ua rau ib tug kev xav ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm siab, pab txoj kev mus ob peb vas, muab kaj zeem muag hais txog ntawm lub lub xeev ntawm affairs. Cov zog pab mus rau tsim ntawm cov tshuaj lub cev thiab psychic dependence.

Nyob rau hauv high school koob, xws yog muaj zog heev hypnotic nyhuv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, morphine cheeb tag nrho conditioned reflexes, ua tu-sauv thiab thiaj li excitability ntawm hnoos chaw. Raising lub suab nrov ntawm cov leeg ntawm hauv nruab nrog cev, nws yuav pab tau spasm ntawm lub sphincter ntawm Oddi thiab biliary ib ntsuj av. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no ho tsis muaj zog txog cov plab hnyuv peristalsis, tab sis nws accelerates tus muab nchuav ntawm lub plab thiab tsub kom peristalsis.

tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, morphine (analgesic) muab intravenously, subcutaneously thiab intramuscularly. Txawm li cas los nws yog ua tau thiab qhov quav, qhov ncauj, epidural thiab intrathecal siv. Qhov no tshuaj yog absorbed es sai sai. Kwv yees li 20-40% ntawm cov tshuaj no yog ua txhua yam rau ntshav proteins. Tshuaj "morphine" crosses lub tsho me nyuam thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau ua pa deterioration ntawm lub fetus. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg hais tias qhov no cuab tam yog txhais nyob rau hauv niam cov kua mis.

Intramuscular thawj coj ntawm morphine nyhuv muaj tom qab txog 15-26 feeb. Maximum ntshav txaus faib tiav tom qab 35-45 feeb thiab kav rau txog 3-5 teev.

Cov tshuaj "morphine": daim ntawv thov

Medicament "morphine" yog siv raws li ib tug ua kom loog nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob thiab kev raug mob uas yog los ntawm heev mob heev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau lub lag luam, thiab postoperatively. Feem ntau nws yog kws kho rau insomnia, ib tug muaj zog hnoos thiab ua tsis taus pa, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm mob plawv tsis ua hauj lwm.

Tej zaum nws txhais tau tias "morphine" yog siv nyob rau hauv X-ray xyaum thaum lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm lub plab, tsib lub zais zis thiab 12 tiperstnoj hnyuv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj no pab txoj kev lub suab nrov ntawm lub plab cov leeg nqaij, txhim khu nws kom thiab leeb lub muab nchuav. Vim li no cov raug, cov kws txawj yuav yooj yim npaum li mus ntes ulcers thiab o ntawm hauv nruab nrog cev.

indications

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias morphine nyob rau hauv cancer txhawb rau sai tshem tawm ntawm qhov mob, uas zoo heev tswj tus neeg mob tus mob. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no txhais tau tias:

• suppresses mob syndrome poob plig, malignancy, heart attack myocardial infarction, thiab tsis ruaj tsis khov angina ;
• Nws yog siv raws li ib tug ntxiv tshuaj rau lub zos los yog ua kom tsaug zog thaum lub sij hawm kev phais;
• Nws yog tej zaum kuj siv thaum lub sij hawm yog tau me nyuam, hnoos (yog hais tias lwm txhais tau tias yog tsis zoo), thiab pulmonary edema;
• muab rau tus X-rays ntawm lub plab, 12-tiperstnoj nyuv thiab tsib lub zais zis.

Contraindications

Qhov no tshuaj yog tsis pom zoo nyob rau hauv npau taws me ntsis rau lub Cheebtsam, inhibition ntawm cov pa center (e.g., tiv thaiv yeeb tshuaj los yog dej cawv lom) thiab central tshee system, raws li zoo raws li ua ib ce tuag ileus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, morphine yuav siv tsis tau nyob rau hauv cov leeg nrob thiab epidural tshuaj loog.

Daim ntawv thov nrog huab ceev faj

Siv qhov cuab tam nrog huab ceev faj yuav tsum nrog mob plab rau tsis meej vim li cas, lub siab lub ntsws lability, bronchial hawb pob, arrhythmias, convulsions, tshuaj tiv, alcoholism, suicidal tendencies, gallstone tus kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li thaum lub sij hawm kev phais nyob rau urinary system thiab digestive ib ntsuj av. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo siv nrog kev raug mob rau lub paj hlwb, prostatic hyperplasia, hepatic los yog lub raum insufficiency, intracranial tawg, stricture ntawm lub qhov zis, hypothyroidism, mob inflammatory plob tsis so tswj kab mob, epileptic syndrome, cev xeeb tub, lactation thiab tom qab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub biliary ib ntsuj av tau . Morphine siv nrog huab ceev faj yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev mob loj mob ntawm cov neeg mob, nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam.

ntau npaum

Teb cov lus nug ntawm morphine - dab tsi yog li no, koj yuav tsum qhia txog nws noj tshuaj npaum cas.

Rau qhov ncauj thawj coj tus neeg mob yuav tsum sab laj nrog ib tug kws kho mob yuav tsum tau. Tom qab tag nrho, cov kev kho mob yuav tsum tau xaiv nyob rau ib tug neeg rhiab heev thiab heev ntawm qhov mob. Ib tug tib koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj - 10-20 mg rau cov neeg laus thiab 0.2-0.8 mg / kgdlya cov me nyuam.

Yuav kom tau txais cov tshuaj ntsiav ntev kuj ntau npaum txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau 10-100 mg ib hnub ob zaug. Rau subcutaneous txhaj - 1 mg, thiab rau intramuscular thiab tso dej - 10 mg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws txhua txhua hnub koob tshuaj yog 50 mg. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob yuav tsum qhov quav thawj coj, nws yog tsim nyog los ua ntej-huv cov hnyuv. Cov neeg laus suppositories raug nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 30 mg txhua txhua 13 teev.

overdose

Yog hais tias siv tsis, lub cuab tam yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg mob li nram qab no tshwm sim tsis zoo:

• txias thiab clammy hws;
• tsis meej pem;
• qaug zog;
• tu-sauv;
• nkees nkees;
• intracranial tawg;
• bradycardia;
• nervousness;
• mob loj heev tsis muaj zog;
• hypothermia;
• qeeb ua tsis taus pa ;
• qhov ncauj qhuav;
• ntxhov siab vim;
• delirious psychosis;
• kiv taub hau;
• txos cov ntshav siab;
• hallucinations;
• convulsions;
• nqaij rigidity thiab li ntawd.