Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov raws li ib tug linguist. Lomonosov txog cov lus

Nws yog tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, yuav hu ua lub txiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab science thiab kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv txhua txhua kev lag luam, nyob rau hauv uas Mikhail tau ua hauj lwm, nws tau sab laug rau hauv lub ci cim tseg thiab coj mus rau lub ntiaj teb no muaj ntau yam zoo kawg discoveries.

Hais txog Mikhail Vasilyevich

Tsis zoo li lawv cov phooj ywg innate nqhis dej rau kev txawj ntse, txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug thaum ntxov lub hnub nyoog, nws kawm nyeem thiab sau ntawv.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19, tus tub hluas mus rau Moscow thiab, npe nrov raws li ib tug mus xyuas nobleman, yog rho raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, qhov uas nws tom qab tau txais ib tug zoo theoretical kev npaj thiab txig masters cov Latin. Ces, nyob rau hauv 1736, nws twb pauv mus rau St. Petersburg Academic University, qhov twg lawm lub sij hawm nws yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees mus kawm tsuas thiab metallurgy. Lawv kev kawm ntawv M. V. Lomonosov mus nyob rau hauv Freiburg, qhov uas nws coj mus txhim kho lawv cov kev paub nyob rau hauv xyaum.

Thoob plaws hauv nws kev kawm ua hauj lwm, nws ua siab loj tiv thaiv cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg thiab demanded tias kev kawm ntawv tau los ua siv tau tsis tsuas mus rau sab sauv chav kawm ntawv, tab sis cov peasantry. Nws yog nyob rau cov teg num ntawm Mikhail Vasilyevich University yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas tseem tau hais khov kho bears lub npe ntawm tus tsim.

Nyob rau hauv cov lus ua si raws li ib tug tag nrho

Mikhail Vasilyevich tau coj ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau txoj kev loj hlob lug. Txawm tias nws immersion nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse, nws pom lub sij hawm rau philological ua hauj lwm. Thaum nws rov qab mus rau Russia, nyob rau hauv 1757 nws luam tawm thawj Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv, uas qhib pronouncing thiab grammatical kev cai ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus soj ntawm nyob hais lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias tus thawj uas tuaj rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm grammatical nta ntawm Lavxias teb sab, yog Lomonosov. Raws li ib tug linguist nws coj nws los ntawm ib tug scientific point of view, nws tseem yog thawj zaug uas lawv tau raug suav hais tias morphological tswv yim, syntax thiab lo lus tsim. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm nws "Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv" twb xub luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus phau ntawv.

Lomonosov twb tseem ua ib tug enormous pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm rhetoric. Nws qhia rau hais lus zoo los ua tus thawj Lavxias teb sab-lus phau ntawv ntawm no zoo. nws twb tseem tsim ib tug faib ntawm qhov chaw hais lus, cov lus nug ntawm spelling thiab cov cim, txhais ua Lavxias teb sab ntau yam kev cov ntsiab lus uas.

Philological merits Lomonosov

Ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua Lomonosov lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Raws li ib tug linguist, nws txhawj xeeb txog cov teeb meem ntawm cov lus txoj kev loj hlob, systematization ntawm nws grammatical thiab stylistic nta orthoepic. Tsaug rau Mikhail Vasilyevich tseem ceeb kho kom zoo twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv hom lus, raws li zoo raws li lub pom zoo system ntawm versification, nws twb nqes los rau peb hnub.

Raws li ib tug linguist, nws tham txog lub Lavxias teb sab lus raws li ib tug zoo kawg cuab yeej cuab tam. Mikhail yog tus thawj uas pib nyeem kawm lectures nyob rau hauv lawv haiv neeg cov lus.

Nws nrhiav kom txhawb cov zajlus lus, kom nws siv tau, to taub thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb. Peb yuav xav txog Lomonosov raws li ib tug linguist. Luv luv txog lub philological merits ntawm no kuj zoo kawg txiv neej, peb tam sim no tham txog.

"Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv" M. V. Lomonosova

Lub ntsiab muaj nqis ntawm University yog los tsim ib tug khoom av rau tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab Lavxias teb sab lus. Nrog nws cov kev loj hlob ntawm lwm yam kev thiab nto moo ua hauj lwm ntawm Mikhail hu ua "Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv", uas twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1755. Nws txav los nyob muaj tiag zoo tshaj plaws ntawm zoo uas coj Lomonosov. Raws li ib tug linguist, nws rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub "Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv" sim qha tswv yim xws li Lavxias teb sab thiab tsev teev ntuj Slavonic.

Cais tawm txhua hom lus, kom paub txog nws siab autonomous nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lwm - xws li ib tug hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm Lomonosov adhered mus rau. Raws li ib tug linguist, nws tso siab rau tej yam scientific txoj kev uas tau pab nws los yog delineate lub Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj Slavonic lus. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm ib tug tsim nyog ntawm kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Raws li ib tug linguist, Lomonosov raws li nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus tshawb fawb, nws coj ib tug ntev daim ntawv teev cov lus los yog nqe lus, sib piv thiab sib lawv nrog txhua lwm yam. Thiab ces, twb nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim mus rau kos kev xaus lus.

Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb txoj kev Lomonosov tsis undergone tej tangible hloov, science tuas rau hnub no.

Qhov kev tshawb xav ntawm "peb yeej" M. V. Lomonosova

Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb hom kev kawm zoo kawg thiab Lavxias teb sab reformer twb tso tawm rau lub hom phiaj ntawm "peb yeej", uas pom muaj ib qho tam sim ntawd daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib tug tshiab kev sau ntawv hom lus. Mikhail tsim cov kev cai hais txog tus sis ntawm yeej sib txawv thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv kev kawm yam lus. Txhua "twj ywm" yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov. Nws lub hom phiaj Lomonosov siv thaum piav txog lub stylistic dab nyob rau hauv cov lus. Raws li ib tug linguist, nws twb taug kev los ntawm ib tug mus tas ua ke thiab assimilation ntawm zoo nkauj thiab tseem ceeb, uas yog nyob rau hauv ob yam lus qhia.

"Lub siab twj ywm"

Yog li, ib tug "high style," ntaus nqi mus rau cov lus siv los tsim tag nrho cov hom ntawm Odes, nkauj, paj huam, hais lus thiab orations. Qhov no style yuav rightly ntshai li majestic. Txawm li cas los, cov lus xws calmness tsis tshua muaj siv los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus, tab sis literate neeg to taub lawv yog ib tug quab yuam.

"Nruab nrab twj ywm"

"Nruab nrab twj ywm" twb npaj rau kev sau ntawv satirical plays, ironic paub cov tsiaj ntawv los yog keeb kwm ua hauj lwm. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug predominance ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus nrog cov tsis tshua muaj tas li ntawd ntawm Slavic.

"Tsis tshua muaj twj ywm"

"Tsis tshua muaj twj ywm" yog tag nrho ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus uas tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub Slavic lus. Nrog nws yog comedy, zaj nkauj, qhia txog "txhua hnub ua lag ua luam". Nyob rau hauv no style, nyiam tau muab rau Lavxias teb sab, hais lus phem lus.

Tag nrho cov foregoing kev pathos Lomonosov kev tshawb xav tau yus muaj los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau kom paub txog cov cai ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus thiab ntaub ntawv.

University pab rau cov ntaub ntawv

Hais lus ntawm nws raws li ib tug zoo heev philologist, tsis hais cov zajlus merits. Tseeb, qhov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau yam theories ntxiv siv lawv nyob rau hauv kev xyaum Mikhail twb koom nrog rau lwm yam sciences.

Thaum nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws tau sau ib tsab ntawv hais txog cov teeb meem teeb meem hais txog lub Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv no nws qhia txog tus hloov mus rau lub kho kom zoo Trediakovsky, expanding nws nrog tshiab poetic qhov ntev, xws li anapaest, dactyl thiab amphibrach. Tsis zoo li lwm yam paj huam ntawm lub sij hawm, nws tsis saib tsis xyuas kev siv ntau yam lus sib dhos nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Qhov thib ob yog ib feem ntawm nws tsab ntawv yog ib tug Ode rau lub Tos mus ntawm Khotin, lub reformer nplooj siab mus rau lub heroism ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Nws yog ho sib txawv los ntawm hais tias ntawm nws predecessors.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, nws tawm lwm ua hauj lwm uas tsim lub twb hais kev tshawb xav ntawm "peb yeej". Tom qab, nws pom siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv hom lus.

Lomonosov pab mus rau tsim ntawm ib tug scientific terminology hauv paus ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab lus

Tseem ceeb pab rau lub Lavxias teb sab science tau ua Lomonosov. Nyob rau cov lus nws hais zoo li cov poj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws, nws nyob mus ib txhis cuab yeej cuab tam. Mikhail Vasilievich yog paub tseeb tias cov Lavxias teb sab lus yog nplua nuj heev thiab multifaceted hais tias nws yog ib txwm tau mus nrhiav tau cov lus rau cov neeg los yog lwm cov lus los yog cov tswv yim.

Reformer tiv thaiv rau cov kev coj dawb huv thiab zoo tag nrho ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus, ua kom cawm tau nws los ntawm "txawv teb chaws ntxias". Yog li ntawd, nws yog xws li ib tug literal translation ntawm lub tswvyim mus rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, los yog tsuas yog xaiv rau qhov uas haum kom muaj sib npaug thereto. Vim tus paub txog, lo lus xws li lub zog, tus nqi ntawm cov hais, cov kev, sai sai tsim lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws terminology. Exceptional siab tawv, rau siab ntso thiab kev txom wit txawv thaum tsim scientific terminology puag Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Raws li ib tug linguist, nws Nws coj loj loj pab mus rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab-hais lus terminology tswv yim.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova, raws li ib tug Lavxias teb sab linguist, txhob chim thiab kev tsim txom ntawm txawv teb chaws lus nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem los yog nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nws tsaug rau Vajswv chim lub nobles, uas nyuam qhuav tau kawm to taub ib tug ob peb lo lus nyob rau hauv Fabkis, tam sim ntawd pib muab lawv qhov uas lawv nyiam. Lomonosov taw tes qhia tawm uas aimless Kawm los ntawm cov lus ntawm txawv teb chaws keeb kwm yog ib tug txaus ntshai rau lub peev xwm teb chaws kev kawm ntawv kab lis kev cai. Nws yog li ntawd hais tias kom ua raws li cov kev zoo nkauj thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov haiv neeg lus thiab tawm tsam cov neeg uas pab rau nws, "sib nyob rau hauv tib kev phem qias."

Thiab thaum kawg,

Lomonosov lub chaw ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug linguist thiab zoo-paub reformer hnub no yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb. Qhov no zoo kawg txiv neej yog tus thawj uas saib ntawm qhov tob ntawm wealth, hwj chim thiab uniqueness ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nyob rau hauv nws sau, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov hais txog cov ntaub ntawv raws li ib tug kos duab lo lus.

Nws tau coj ib tug ntau ntawm cov kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab kev sau ntawv hom lus thiab teev tseg lub zeem muag rau nws ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob.

Mikhail tau txais kev pab rau qhov zoo ntawm cov neeg. Nws yog nws lub tswv yim twb raws li University of Moscow, uas muaj ib tug thoob ntiaj teb lub koob npe nrov hnub no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug terminology database, uas pab txhawb ntxiv tom qab Lomonosov los ntawm nto moo Lavxias teb sab zaum decades. Xws li yog cov Lomonosov, Lavxias teb sab linguist. Thiab niaj hnub no, peb nco txog no kuj zoo kawg txiv neej thiab cov kev siv ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm.