Meej thiab uas tsis yog-kev tiv thaiv: Lub tswvyim sib txawv. Uas txhawb nqa kev lub cev

Tiv thaiv - lub ntsiab nrog rau peb lub cev uas yuav pab nws tua tus kab mob. Uas yuav ntxiv zog rau lub cev? Yuav ua li cas influences nws tsim? Yuav ua li cas characterizes lub meej thiab uas tsis yog-kev tiv thaiv? Qhia rau peb paub txog nws.

Lub cev thiab lub luag hauj lwm

Koj puas tau pom hais tias muaj cov neeg uas muaj mob ob peb zaug ib xyoos, thiab ib co - yuav luag yeej tsis? Yog vim li cas yog ib co mas raug rau kev mob nkeeg, thaum lwm tus neeg - tsis? Tag nrho cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog zoo ntawm ib lub khwb, uas muab puag ncig lub moos peb tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias nws tsis muaj zog txaus, lub cev yuav yooj yim succumb mus rau ib co kab mob.

Txhua feeb peb bombarded nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm micro-kab (protozoa, cov kab mob, fungi). Tiv thaiv nyuaj fights nrog lawv, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm tau txais mus rau hauv lub cev thiab kev loj hlob ntxiv. Nws muab hauj toxins, preservatives, tshuaj, thiab kuj yuav rhuav tshem obsolete los yog puas hlwb nyob rau hauv tus kab mob.

Nyob rau cov qauv ntawm cov nws nrhiav tau qhov txawv tej yam ntuj tso thiab tus txiv neej-ua, hais kom meej thiab uas tsis yog-kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog ib tug complex holistic mechanism qhia los ntawm tshwj xeeb nruab nrog cev thiab lub hlwb. Ua ke lawv ua li lub cev, lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm uas - kom muaj lub constancy ntawm lub sab hauv ib puag ncig thiab neutralize txawv teb chaws hais.

Nta ntawm lub cev

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev muaj ib tug harmonious ua hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam ntawm lub cev. Nws cov kabmob uas yuav muab faib mus rau hauv central thiab peripheral. Cov yav tas los xws li lub thymus, hlwb pob txha, bursa ntawm Fabricius. Lawv ua tiv thaiv kab mob hlwb (macrophages, ntshav hlwb, T thiab B lymphocytes) nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qhov chaw hauv lub cev.

Peripheral kabmob no yog cov qog ntshav, tus po, glia, daim tawv nqaij, lymphatic cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no theem nrab kabmob uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tau nkag mus ntawm antigens. Lawv siv tiv thaiv kab mob hlwb mus tua cov "kab".

Tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv hlwb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog pub, thiab lwm feem yog ua lub neej, tom qab cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib tug meej thiab uas tsis yog-kev tiv thaiv. Kuj alien lub cev kab mob muaj peev xwm tsim tej yam ntuj tso txoj kev los sis los ntawm txoj kev tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, lub cev yog tseem muab faib mus rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso thiab dag.

congenital kev tiv thaiv

Meej thiab uas tsis yog-kev tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog hu ua congenital thiab nrhiav, ntsig txog. Xeem muaj nyob rau peb los ntawm tus thawj hnub ntawm lub neej. Nws yog kis tau txhob nyob rau hauv tib hom. Ua tsaug rau nws, ib tug neeg yuav tsis ua mob uas muaj tej yam kab mob teb rau tej tsiaj txhu, xws li dysentery, bovine los yog canine distemper.

Tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob. Nonspecific nws lub npe hu ua vim hais tias nws tsis yog sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv ib qho kev antigen. Nws twb tsim nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm evolution thiab, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub tshaaj, muaj tsis muaj cim xeeb paub txog lub hom pathogen. Qhov no yog peb thawj barrier, uas yog txhais sai li sai tau tom qab qhov tsos ntawm ib tug tej zaum kev hem thawj. Ib qho ntawm nws ces yog ib hom mob.

Tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv yog pom tias yuav tau txog. Kiag li txov nws tsis tshua muaj neeg yooj yim. Txawm li cas los, lub tsev lag luam ntawm immunological kam rau ua, los yog lub caij nyoog raug ionizing tawg yuav txo tau nws.

nrhiav kev tiv thaiv

Qhov thib ob theem ntawm tawm tsam tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws kab mob thiab tshuaj no yog hais kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog tsim nyob rau thoob plaws hauv ib tug neeg lub neej thiab txoj kev hloov rau txhua kab mob.

Thaum ib tug kev hem thawj yog kuaj nrhiav kev tiv thaiv pib los mus tua nws. Nws lub ntsiab feature yog lub "cim" ntawm pathogens siv tshuaj. Lawv yog ua nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam kev txawv teb chaws tus kab mob no thiab tom qab yuav tau los kom tiv thaiv rau nws.

Yog li, txhua tshiab kab mob ua rau zus tau tej cov tshiab tshuaj, muab nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm peb tsis muaj zog. Sai li sai tau raws li lub "yeeb ncuab" yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev dua, kev tiv thaiv lub hlwb paub txog nws thiab yuav tsum tau los mus tshem tawm sai npaum li cas.

Tsis yog txhua txhua pathogens lub cev reacts tib txoj kev. Ib txhia cov kab mob tau muaj tsuas yog muaj sij hawm txaus rau lub cev ntau dua thiab "nyob ze tsis lees" pathogens. Qhov no yog raug rau chickenpox, qhua pias, tularemia, hnoos. Influenza thiab dysentery yog sib txawv heev. Thaum lawv ua xwb ib ntus kev tiv thaiv, uas kav mus txog rau plaub lub hlis. Thiab yog hais tias lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas yog tib yam lim. Raws li peb paub, muaj ntau txhiab tus kab mob khaub thuas ...

Hom kev tiv thaiv

Muas kev tiv thaiv mechanisms tau nyob ntau npaum li cas tom qab tshaj lub hnub yug. Lawv sawv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm evolution, thiab sawv cev rau ib yam ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txhia nyob beings. Yog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv peb yuav raug mob ntau heev feem ntau.

Thaum nws yog ua nyob rau hauv lub cev (tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog nws tus kheej), nws yog hu ua kom nquag plias. Nws yog hu ua passive thaum cov tshuaj yog npaj txhij mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm sab nraum qhov chaw. Lawv yuav kis tau ua ke nrog tus me nyuam leej niam lub colostrum, thiab yuav muab ua ke nrog tshuaj los yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob kev kho mob.

Nyiaj kuj dag thiab tej yam ntuj tso kev tiv thaiv. Tus thawj yuav ncaj qha kev pab tib neeg, piv txwv li txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntuj kev tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso txhais tau tias. Zaum nws yuav muaj ib tug passive hom (kis tau colostrum) thiab active (mob tshwm tom qab hloov).

kev tiv thaiv yam

Lub cev resists kab mob, kab mob thiab microbes vim ntau yam. Lawv yog cov cellular, humoral, los yog physiological mechanisms. Nonspecific kev tiv thaiv yam hais daim tawv nqaij, txheej week, enzymes. Nws kuj muaj xws li cov acid-alkaline ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab, thiab txawm ... txham.

Lwm yam cuab yeej tseem ceeb tiv thaiv, thawj kev sib cuag nrog ib tug tej zaum kev hem thawj. Lawv ua txhua yam kom defuse nws. Piv txwv li, lub tso pa tawm ntawm sebaceous thiab hws qog nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij tsis pub kab mob kom muab. Qaub ncaug thiab kua muag lawv raug rhuav tshem.

Yam kev tiv thaiv - yog ib tug txheej ntawm mechanisms uas yuav pab teb rau cov alien lub cev, neutralize thiab tiv thaiv lawv loj hlob. Cov no muaj xws antibody tsim thiab immunological nco, ib tug tsis haum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj peev xwm ntawm killer lymphocytes. Ib tug zoo tshaj yuav yog kuj tiv thaiv kab mob phagocytosis, qhov twg pathogenic cov kab mob no yog absorbed los ntawm tshwj xeeb hlwb - phagocytes.

Uas txhawb nqa kev lub cev?

Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm peb lub neej lub cev yog lossi hloov thiab kho tshiab, ces nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nws nyob rau hauv zoo zoo lawm. Yog, heev npaum li cas nyob rau caj, tab sis kuj yog ib txoj kev ntawm lub neej muaj feem xyuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv ncaj qha. Lub tswv yim rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev yog haum tus qauv, lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm no, tej zaum tsis tu ncua. Ntawm no yog ib co kev cai uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li:

• Lo rau ib tug kuas noj.
• Ce.
• Siv sij hawm los so kom txaus.
• Tsis txhob nyuaj siab thiab overwork.
• Taug kev nyob rau hauv lub tshiab huab cua.
• Luag feem ntau thiab muaj kev zoo cwj pwm txawv.