Marxism - nws yog ib tug zoo nkauj txoj kev xav txog universal koob pheej ntawm lawv

Thaum Karl Marx thiab nws cov kwv-txhawb nqa Friedrich Engels sau lawv Communist Manifesto, lawv yuav tej zaum yuav tsis txawm lam xav hais tias qhov no ntawv nrog eerie dab ua loj leeb ncig pib yuav tsum muaj ib tug bestseller, thiab nyob qhov twg - nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab! Marx nws tus kheej tsis nyiam lub teb chaws no rau ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, nws txawm yuav tsis xav txog tej yam uas nws yuav ua tau ib qho chaw sim siv nws lub tswv yim.

Raws li ncha piav ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd, Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin), Marxism - yog qhov khoom ntawm lub synthesis ntawm peb lub ntsiab khoom xyaw: cov kawm lus Askiv nom tswv kev khwv nyiaj txiag, utopian tswv yim ntawm Thomas More thiab classical philosophy. Lawv yog cov ob qhov chaw thiab daim ntawv ib feem ntawm txoj kev qhia.

Thaum Plekhanov txhais "Manifesto" rau hauv Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv 1882, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, qhov no kev tshawb xav tau tsis nrov heev. Marxism nyob rau hauv Russia thiab, tsis yog yuav lub tswv yim, tab sis tam sim ntawd pib controversy nrog nws cov kiv cua. Chim nyob rau hauv Volya intellectuals tab tom nrhiav rau ib daim ntawv tshiab rau nws theoretical kev tshawb fawb.

Marxism - ib tug kev tshawb xav raws li ib tug materialistic xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Georgi Plekhanov suav hais tias yog overriding philosophy ntawm science, uas, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lwm yam, me ceg ntawm tib neeg kev txawj ntse, npog tag nrho cov duab ntawm lub ntug. Keeb kwm, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, kawm cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau lawm thiab tsim rog.

Cov neeg sab nrauv ntawm "redistribution", tsim los ntawm Plekhanov thiab Axelrod, yog lub teeb liab uas originated Lavxias teb sab Marxism. Txoj kev mus rau kev hloov pom lawv los ntawm lub nriaj ntawm outlived nws keeb kwm muaj hnub nyoog ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub feudal chav kawm ntawv thiab lub bourgeoisie. Winning kawg qhib txoj kev rau pem hauv ntej rau cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv.

Ntau radical ntsuas yuav txav mus rau tiam tshiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Marxists - lub social Democrats. Lawv pom tau hais tias thiab lub bourgeoisie, thiab tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv uas sawv ntawm nws thiab proletariat raws li ib tug reactionary. Lub contradictions nyob rau hauv lub RSDLP coj mus rau nws cov cais mus rau hauv Bolsheviks thiab Mensheviks nyob rau hauv 1903, nyob rau lub Ob txhais Congress ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv. Lub initiator ntawm lub schism yog Leon Trotsky, sawv saum ib tug maximalist thiab uncompromising txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1917, lub Bolsheviks nqa tawm lub forcible qaug dab peg ntawm lub hwj chim. Kiv puag ncig nws los ua lub npe hu tam sim ntawd. Piv txwv li, IV Stalin feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim yog tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lawv cov npe.

Tam sim no, tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv tau los nqa tawm ib tug heev bold thiab twb tsis muaj keeb kwm analogies xyaum ua tej yam rau ib tug thib rau ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj chaw. Nws yog rau inculcate ib tug loj loj thiab multi-ethnic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, ntau lub tswv yim uas kom txog thaum ces tau tag alien rau nws.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm no ziag no yog kev kawm mus rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Marxism - uas yog cov kev tshawb xav, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum ... lub renunciation ntawm vaj tse, lub tsev ntawm kev sib yuav thiab txoj cai mus kawm ntawv lawv cov me nyuam thiab tseem yuav nyob unimplemented ntsiab ntawm lub communist zej zog. Universal koob pheej ntawm lawv kuj tsis tiav. Cov neeg cov neeg, lawv xav kom muaj koj tus kheej lub tsev thiab koj tej khoom.

Txawm li cas los, txawm niaj hnub no muaj cov neeg uas Marxism - ib txoj kev kom kov yeej lub contradictions ntawm lub neej niaj hnub. Striving rau koob pheej ntawm lawv thiab kev ncaj ncees ua rau lawv qhib thiab hnub no "Communist Manifesto" thiab rov nyeem nrog nostalgia txog lub Spectre rau yus hnov qab teb chaws Europe ...