Mankurt - uas yog qhov no? "Lus dab neeg uas mankurt"

Lub sij hawm "mankurt" coined los ntawm Chingiz Aitmatov nyob rau hauv nws nto moo tshiab "Hnub kav Tshaj ib tug Hundred Years". Qhov no artwork mankurt - ib tug txiv neej twb yuav, siv brutal tsim txom muab rau hauv ib tug soulless servile zeej twb tsis nco qab tag nrho hais txog nws lub neej dhau los thiab mus nqa tawm tej kev txiav txim ntawm nws tus tswv. Lo lus ua siv lug nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab, los ua ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg lub npe. Contemptuous npe menyuam yaus "mankurt" mus rau cov neeg uas tsis nco qab lub teb chaws cov lus thiab neglects lub kab lis kev cai ntawm nws cov neeg.

Lub etymology ntawm lo lus

Muaj ntau ntau lub versions ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm cov lo lus. Tej zaum Chingiz Aitmatov, inventing lub sij hawm "mankurt", raws li nws ancient Turkic chaw mungul, lub ntsiab lus "ruam, irrational, devoid ntawm yog vim li cas." Lub Kyrgyz niaj hnub lus rau xa mus rau lub mutilated txiv neej siv lo lus munju. Noj rau hauv tus account lub kev sib nrig sib cawv ntawm cov Mongolian lus thiab Kyrgyz, peb yuav xav hais tias cov noun "mankurt" los ntawm "manguu" - daim ntawv lus muaj ib tug nqi ntawm "ruam, ruam, imbecile" thiab "ruam." Nws yog tau hais tias cov token "mankurt" tsim los ntawm cov merger ntawm ancient Turkic cov hauv paus hniav gurut - "qhuav" thiab tus txiv neej - "li npaj kom txhij, hnav ib txoj siv."

Pawg neeg zhuanzhuaney

Nyob rau hauv lub plaub los yog tsib xyoo pua AD East Asia yog them los ntawm lub resettlement txheej txheem. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv nyob rau hauv lub steppes ntawm Turkestan, Manchuria thiab Mongolia Western Union sawv nomadic pab pawg neeg, uas muaj khiav tawm hauv tsev qhev, impoverished peasants, deserters. Ua ke tag nrho unenviable hmoo, cov neeg raug yuam mus languish phem kawg lub neej, li ntawd, lub stray gangs hunted tub sab. Maj mam muab rau hauv ib pawg ntawm bandits neeg mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub npe zhuanzhuaney. Qhov no pawg neeg yog txawv txheej thaum ub cov kev cai, tsis muaj ntaub ntawv thiab kab lis kev cai, qhov kev sib ntaus los tab thiab tsiv ruthlessness. Zhuanzhuani tswj cov av mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab tau los ua ib tug tiag tiag foom rau nomadic Asia thiab neighboring lub teb chaws. Mankurt - ib tug txiv neej ua qhev los ntawm cov txaus ntshai neeg.

hauj lwm tsim txom

Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence uas piav Aitmatov lus dab neeg qhia rau nws hais txog zhuanzhuanyah. Tsuas yog no rootless, ruthless, barbarous neeg muaj peev xwm mus txua xws li ib tug sophisticated, tsis yog neeg tsim txom. Tshwj xeeb yog lim hiam pawg neeg kho neeg raug kaw. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tig ib tug txiv neej mus rau hauv ib tug zoo meej tus tub qhe, tsis xav txog lub uprising thiab txoj kev khiav, nws coj li lub cim xeeb los ntawm muab nws wideness. Rau txoj kev xaiv los ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab muaj zog tub rog. Thaum xub thawj, tsis zoo siab kiag li shaved lub taub hau, cia scraped txhua txhua plaub mos mos. Ces lawv tua ib tug camel thiab sau cov feem ntau ntom, nuchae ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Faib mus rau hauv qhov chaw, nws rub down tshaj li ib lub qhov muag rau cov neeg raug txhom lub taub hau. Cov tawv nqaij, zoo li ib tug plaster daig rau lub freshly shaven pob txha taub hau cov neeg. Qhov no yog meant rau muab tso rau wideness. Ces yav tom ntej ntawm tus qhev coj qhws pawm no ntau npau rau hauv lub caj dab, yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsis kov hauv av nrog nws lub taub hau, khi nws caj npab thiab txhais ceg, raug coj mus rau lub liab qab steppe thiab sab laug muaj ob peb hnub. Nyob rau hauv lub scorching hnub, tsis muaj khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej, maj mam qhuav ntawm daim tawv, steel hoop compression lub taub hau, cov neeg raug kaw feem ntau tuag los ntawm qhov unbearable torment. Tom qab ib tug nyuaj hnub, ncaj cov plaub hau ntawm qhev pib yuav ciaj sia, tej zaum lawv txeem rau daim tawv nqaij ntawm rawhide, tab sis ntau zaus curled thiab chob rau daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub taub hau, ua rau ib tug burning mob. Thaum no tus taw tes, cov neeg raug kaw thaum kawg poob nws lub siab. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib hnub ntawm lub tsis muaj hmoo peb tuaj zhuanzhuani. Yog hais tias tsawg kawg yog ib tug ntawm cov raug tseem ciaj sia, nws yog suav tias yog hmoov zoo. Raug txhom freed los ntawm lub shackles, muab rau haus, maj mam zoo tu qab tso dag lub zog thiab lub cev noj qab haus huv.

Tus nqi-mankurt tub qhe

Cov neeg uas tsis nco qab lawv yav tas los, muaj nuj nqis heev. Lawv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag taw tes ntawm view. Mankurt - qhov no sawv daws hnov, tsis burdened los ntawm lub nco qab ntawm lawv tus kheej "Kuv" uas yog txhua yam rau tus tswv tsev, zoo li ib tug aub. Nws tsuas xav tau - khoom noj khoom haus. Nws yog tsis muaj ab tsi rau lwm tus neeg thiab yeej tsis xav txog khiav tawm. Tsuas yog mankurts, tsis nco ntsoov kinship, mas infinite solitude Sarozek tsis khib savagery yog tsis yuav tsum tau so thiab tu. Thiab lawv kuj yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, tshee, monotonously ua cov feem ntau qias neeg, tsho, mob ua hauj lwm. Lawv feem ntau yog muab tso rau ib tug camel pab tsiaj, lawv vigilantly guarded hnub thiab hmo ntuj, lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov, yog tsis txaus siab txog cov kev nyuaj siab. host hais kom yog rau lawv saum toj no tag nrho lwm yam. Mankurt yog sib npaug mus rau kaum noj qab nyob zoo qhev. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias rau nws txhob txwm tua ntawm tus qhev nyob rau hauv internecine kev tsov kev rog, los kho cov kev puas tsuaj, lub txim txhaum tog yuav tsum them tus nqe txhiv ntawm peb lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm free tribesmen.

Lus dab neeg uas mankurt

Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Hnub kav Tshaj ib tug Hundred Years," ib tshooj yog mob siab rau ib tug ancient lus dab neeg. Hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov tsis muaj hmoo poj niam hu ua Ana Najman hais tias nyob rau hauv nws cov lus dab neeg Aitmatov. Mankurt, uas hnov zaj dab neeg heroine, muab nws ploj lawm tub nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua. Feem ntau, txawm yog hais tias tus txheeb ze mutilated neeg raug txim thiab kawm txog nws phem hmoo, ib yam dab tsi yeej tsis sim mus cawm tau nws. Txiv neej, tsis nco ntsoov kinship, tseem tsuas cov plhaub. Txwv tsis pub txiav txim Naiman-Ana. Nws txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv txawm yog tus tub rov qab mus tsev. Thaum pom nws nyob rau hauv kev txom Sarozek, tus poj niam sim mus coj rov qab tus tub hluas nco. Txawm li cas los, tej nuj nqis rau hauv lub sov niam caj npab, los yog nws txib hais lus, tsis paub los ntawm thaum yau lullabies, tsis muaj zaub mov siav nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yeej tsis pab tus neeg raug txim yuav tsum nco ntsoov nws yav dhau los. Thiab thaum insidious zhuanzhuani mankurt tshwm sim uas Ana Najman xav dag nws, hle nws lub kaus mom thiab zog lub troubled lub taub hau tub qhe tus yees tes tua ib tug xub mus rau hauv lub plawv ntawm ib leej niam. Nrog cov plaub hau tuag poj niam poob ib tug dawb khaub hlab, nws tig mus rau hauv Donenbay noog uas khaws cia qw, lawv mankurt txog nws txiv thiab nws cov tsis nco qab lawm teb chaws.

lus dab neeg qhov chaw

Sau kev lig kev cai, raws li twb tau hais - tus naas ej txawj sau ntawv Chingiz Aitmatov. Lus dab neeg uas mankurt, nyob rau hauv lem, los ntawm qhov tiag qhov chaw ntawm lub dab neeg. Ib tug txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv kev sib tham, hais tias nyob rau hauv lub epic "Manas", yog ib lub loj tshaj legends ntawm cov Kyrgyz neeg, muaj yog ib tug mention ntawm cov kev hem thawj ntawm ib qho ntawm lwm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm yeej npuaj nws nyob rau hauv tshav puam ntawm nws lub taub hau coj mus rau hauv lub cim xeeb. Lwm yam ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov no loj tshaj plaws ua phem tawm tsam ib tug neeg los ntawm yog vim li cas ntawm tej neeg sau nyob rau hauv dab neeg los yog cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis pom. Soj ntsuam K. Asanaliev kawm epic "Manas", nyob rau hauv cov hlua nws, nyob rau hauv uas cov yeeb ncuab tseem tabtom yuav muab tso rau ib tug hluas Manas wideness.

keeb kwm cov neeg

Shiri - ib tug rawhide nyuj uas tus nomadic haiv neeg nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm tau ua tais diav. Lub Kirghiz kuj muaj burial kev lis kev cai txuam nrog kev siv ntawm cov tshav puam. Yog hais tias, vim hais tias kev phiv tshwm sim, nws yuav tsum tau ncua lub ntees tuag ntawm tus tuag nyob rau hauv lub lwm qhov chaw ntawm nws lub cev nrog lub observance ntawm tag nrho cov kev cai ceremonies qhwv nyob rau hauv tshav puam thiab dai rau ib tug siab tsob ntoo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm tus tuag raug coj mus rau lub koob yawm txwv tojntxas thiab faus muaj. Paub ua tim khawv tokens "wideness" ntsiab lus "cap rawhide hnav nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ua txhaum". Qhov no daim ntawv ntawm kev tsim txom twb lug siv ntawm cov nomadic haiv neeg. Nws dries ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj shrank, ua rau cov neeg mus rau unbearable mob. Mankurt - ib tug txiv neej poob nws nco nyob rau hauv tus ntawm xws tsim txom, raws li Aitmatov. Yog hais tias peb hais tsis xav hais tias lub sij hawm "tshav puam" ntawm Mongolian keeb kwm, nws muaj nqis - "daim tawv nqaij, daim tawv nqaij, syromyat". Nyob rau hauv lub Kyrgyz lus, nrog rau ib tug token "Shiri" derivatives yog siv: "shiresh" - "rau loj hlob ua ke, lo ua ke" thiab "shirile" - "muab tso rau ntawm lub tshav puam ntawm nws lub taub hau."

Lub ntsiab lus legends

Cov kev lig kev cai ntawm lub mankurt yog zoo txog rau lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm tus tshiab lub narrative "Lub hnub kav Tshaj ib tug Hundred Years". Nws qhia txog cov niaj hnub mankurts. Chingiz Aitmatov nrhiav kom qhia rau nws txawj nyeem ntawv lub tswv yim tias ib tug neeg deprived ntawm cov keeb kwm kev nco, ua ib tug puppet, qhev yuam nws cov ntsiab lus thiab cov tswv yim. Nws tsis nco qab lub ntsiab cai ntawm leej txiv thiab leej niam, tsis nco qab nws lub npe tiag tiag, yog tsis muaj lawm txuas mus rau lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai ntawm nws pawg neeg thiab poob lawv cov yog leejtwg tiag. Ntawm kev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov lus dab neeg uas txuas mus rau hais tias tsis muaj hmoo mankurt, poob cov lus qhia txog lawv cov tib neeg, fwm lub cim xeeb ntawm yuav ua li cas mus tua ib tug hneev, yog li - mus tua. Thiab thaum ib tug tub hluas teem tiv thaiv cov neeg uas tsim txom niam, nws tua nws nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes. Keeb kwm lub cim xeeb - lub hauv paus ntawm tus tib neeg tus ntsuj plig, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev nkauj kev nraug thiab amorality. Naiman-Ana - ib lub cim ntawm lub cim xeeb, tas lawv cov neeg hais txog cov zaj lus qhia ntawm yav dhau los.

Siv cov lo lus

Raws li cov magazine "Science thiab lub neej" mankurt - yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub tokens nkag tau rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus ntev los no. Tam sim no, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus muaj tau roj mus rau lub tswvyim ntawm tus neeg, tsis nco ntsoov kinship zabyvshem txog lawv pog koob yawg koob. Ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi rau hauv lub poob tau tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm sab nraud cawv rau lub siab thiab puv qhov kev kawm rau hauv ib tug qhev ntawm nws tus tswv, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov noun "mankurt" yog tau ploj lawm.

Feem ntau cov nrov lub sij hawm lawm mas nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan. Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws, cov lo lus "mankurt" muaj ib tug tsis zoo nqi, lawv hu cov neeg uas tsis nco qab lub teb chaws cov lus thiab kab lis kev cai.

lwm yam sau phau ntawv

Publicist Vertiporoh Lily hu mankurt txiv neej, "uas nws lub teb chaws tau muab tshem tawm hauv lub plawv thiab lub hlwb, ces tsuas lub plab." Konstantin Krylov qhia txog cov kev siv ntawm lub sij hawm "mankurt" nyob rau hauv lub eighties ntawm lub xeem tiam raws li ib tug tsis ncaj ncees thiab contemptuous ntawm tib neeg yam ntxwv, tsis yog heev nthuav, "ib hnub ua ntej cov xov xwm" hais txog Stalin lub repressions thiab lwm yam txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, thiab xav txog tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej ntawm lawv lub teb chaws. Txawj sau ntawv thiab sau xov xwm Solovev Vladimir hu mankurts pej xeem disparagingly txog nws teb koj chaw. Nws ntseeg hais tias cov neeg uas hwm rau lub cim xeeb ntawm pog koob yawg koob - npliag lus, ib tug kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic hloov.