Physiologist Anohin Potr Kuzmich: biography, pab mus rau science, cov phau ntawv

Anohin Petr Kuzmich - nto moo Soviet physiologist thiab academician. Tug ntawm cov pej xeem ua tsov ua rog. Nws muaj gained tej chaw ua tsaug rau lub creation ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev haumxeeb systems. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm koj yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm nws luv luv biography.

Kawm

Anohin Petr Kuzmich yug nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Tsaritsyn nyob rau hauv 1898. Nyob rau hauv 1913, tus tub kawm tiav los ntawm ntau dua thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv. Vim lub nyuaj qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg Peter yuav tsum tau mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hlau ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg. Tom qab ntawd nws dhau cov tub ntxhais thiab tau txais lub profession ntawm "ncej thiab hlua taws xob ntaub ntawv."

fateful lub rooj sib tham

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm "Liab kaj ntug," qhov kev ua tshiab Anohin Peter Kuzmich ua hauj lwm raws li cov thawj ntawm cov editor thiab cov sau ib tsab ntawm tus Commissioner nyob rau hauv Novocherkassk. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, nws ntawd tau ntsib tus naas ej revolutionary Lunacharsky. Xeem toured nrog ntxhov siab u troops nyob rau yav qab teb pem hauv ntej. Lunacharsky thiab Anokhin muaj ib tug ntev sib tham nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm tus tib neeg lub hlwb thiab nws txoj kev kawm rau lub "kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas mechanisms ntawm tus tib neeg ntsuj plig." Qhov no lub rooj sib tham tau predetermined txoj hmoo ntawm tus hero ntawm no tsab xov xwm.

kawm ntawv qib siab

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1921 Anohin Petr Kuzmich mus rau Petrograd thiab cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv Giemsa, uas coj Bekhterev. Twb tau nyob rau hauv thawj lub xyoo tus tub hluas siv nyob rau hauv nws coj noj coj ua scientific daim ntawv hu ua "Cawv ntawm me thiab loj hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv lub braking suab thiab kev zoo siab lub cerebral cortex." Ib xyoo tom qab, nws tau mus kawm ob peb lectures Pavlova thiab tswm nyob rau hauv nws laboratory.

Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo Gimzy Peter ntiav ib tug senior pab nyob rau Department of Physiology nyob rau Leningrad lub koom haum ntawm zootechnical. Anokhin kuj tseem ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Pavlov kuaj. Nws muaj ib tug series ntawm thwmsim rau cov nyhuv ntawm acetylcholine rau lub secretory thiab leeg tshav muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub muaj qaub caj pas, thiab kuj kawm lub hlwb cov ntshav ncig.

tshiab ncej

Nyob rau hauv 1930, Peter Kuzmich Anokhin, biography thiab nthuav tseeb hais txog tej uas muaj nyob rau hauv tej phau ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv physiology, twb nce mus rau xib fwb ntawm Nizhny Novgorod University (Medical kws qhia ntawv). Nyob rau hauv ib feem, qhov no tau pab mus rau ib tug kev pom zoo Pavlova. Nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm lub department twb sib cais los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab tsim ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kho mob nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv parallel, Peter Kuzmich taws fab tub ceev xwm ntawm physiology ntawm lub Nizhny Novgorod lub koom haum.

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, Anokhin tswvcuab txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev kawm conditioned reflexes. Qhov no lub cev muaj zog-secretory, raws li zoo raws li cov thawj txoj kev siv cov cia li muab los ntawm unconditioned qhov cuab lub zog. Xeem tso cai Peter Kuzmich tuaj mus rau ib qho tseem ceeb xaus txog cov tsim ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb apparatus. Nyob rau hauv nws twb tam sim no tsis muaj rau yav tom ntej reinforcements. Nyob rau hauv 1955, qhov no unit yog hu ua tus "acceptor ntawm tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim."

tso cai afferentation

Qhov ntawd yog lub sij hawm coined nyob rau hauv 1935 rau cov kev kawm hauv zej zog Anohin Peter Kuzmich. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev haumxeeb systems, thiab ntau yeej nws cov thawj txhais tau muab rau lawv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub sij hawm. Formulated lub tswvyim ntawm cov nyhuv rau nws tag nrho lub kev tshawb fawb ua si. Anokhin pom tau hais tias ib tug systematic mus kom ze - nws yog lub feem ntau hnyav txoj kev uas yuav daws tau ntau physiological teeb meem.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo ntawm tus Nizhny Novgorod University neeg ua hauj lwm mus rau VIEM, uas yog nyob rau hauv Moscow. Muaj Peter Kuzmich koom neuroscience department. Ib txhia ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kev sib koom tes Kroll Clinic ntawm kev kawm txoj tib neeg lub hlwb thiab lub Department of micromorphology coj Lavrent'ev.

Nyob rau hauv 1938, nyob rau lub caw ntawm lub Burdenko physiologist Anohin Petr Kuzmich, uas nws biography yog qhov kev kawm ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ua qauv rau lwm cov kws tshawb fawb, nws taws neuropsychiatric sector Central Neurosurgical University. Muaj yog ib tug paub txog koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub theoretical tswvyim ntawm lub paj caws pliav.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog

Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub phaum ua tsov ua rog nrog VIEM Anokhin evacuated mus Tomsk. Muaj nws coj cov neurosurgical department ntawm kev raug mob ntawm lub peripheral lub paj hlwb (PNS). Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, Peter Kuzmich lawv mus compile lub neurosurgical kev nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm "Yas qab haus huv PNS raug mob." Qhov no monograph twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1944.

Nyob rau hauv 1942 Anohin rov qab mus rau Moscow thiab ua lub taub hau ntawm lub physiological laboratory ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Neurosurgery. Ntawm no nws txuas ntxiv mus tawm tswv yim thiab ua hauj lwm. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv nrog cov Burdenko paub txog tshawb xyuas cov uas duav txhua yam ntawm kev phais kho mob ua tsov ua rog raug mob ntawm lub teb chaws los ua ke. Cov tshwm sim ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm yog ib tsab xov xwm hais txog cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub sab neuromas thiab lawv kho. Tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd, Petus Kuzmich tau raug xaiv los xibfwb hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow.

Nyob rau hauv 1944, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev kuaj thiab lub department ntawm neurophysiology VIEM ib tug tshiab Physiology lub koom haum. Anohin Petr Kuzmich, uas nws phau ntawv yuav tsis siv nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm heev nrov, tau raug tsa rau lub taub hau lub department ntawm profiling. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, tus paub txog nyob rau hauv lub tsev no raws li deputy lub taub hau ntawm lub scientific ua hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li cov thawj tswj hwm.

thuam

Nyob rau hauv 1950, lub scientific kev sib kho mob siab rau cov teeb meem ntawm Pavlov tej lus qhia. Thuam tau undergone ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb chaw, uas tsim nws cov thwj tim. Speransky Beritashvili, Orbeli, etc. Qhov kev tshawb xav ntawm haumxeeb systems ntawm cov hero ntawm no tsab xov xwm tseem ua tau rau mob rejection.

Ntawm no yog dab tsi nws hais tias nyob rau lub sij hawm no Prof. Hasratyan: "Thaum Bernstein, Efimov, Nyaum thiab lwm cov neeg uas paub qhov chaw ntawm Pavlov tej lus qhia, ua nrog ib co folly - nws yog tsis zoo. Thaum ib tug tej thiab paub physiologist Beritashvili ua nrog antipavlovskimi tswv yim, tsis tau nws cov thwj tim thiab successor - yog ib lub txaj muag. Tab sis thaum lub thwj tim ntawm Pavlov systematically sim los txhim nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm lub foundations ntawm idealistic pseudoscientific "theories" ntawm lub bourgeois zaum - nws yog outrageous. "

hla

Tom qab lub rooj sib tham, Anohin Petr Kuzmich, uas nws pab mus rau science yog tsis menyuam, twb muab tshem tawm los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Physiology. lub tsev kawm ntawv coj noj coj ua xa ib tus paub txog rau Ryazan. Muaj nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug xib fwb kom txog rau thaum 1952. Nyob rau tom ntej no peb lub xyoos, Peter Kuzmich taws lub Moscow Department of Physiology ntawm lub Central koom haum.

tshiab tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv 1955 nws tau los ua xibfwb Anokhin Medical University Sechenov. Peter Kuzmich nquag ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no txoj hauj lwm thiab kev tswj kom ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov physiological teb. Nws formulated lub hom phiaj ntawm cov pw tsaug zog thiab wakefulness, lom xav ntawm tus cwj pwm txawv, npaj ib tug thawj kev tshawb xav ntawm saturation thiab kev tshaib kev nqhis. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd Anokhin muab ua tiav zoo ntawm koj conception ntawm tej system. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1958, tus paub txog sau tau ib monograph rau hauv inhibition, uas hais ib tug tshiab txhais lus ntawm cov mechanism.

qhia

Peter Kuzmich scientific kev ua si ua ke nrog qhia. Wherever Anokhin puas tau ua hauj lwm, nws yeej ib txwm attracted rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tag nrho cov ntawm nws cov tub kawm sau cov kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug tej lub ntsiab. Peter Kuzmich sim ntxias kom lawv muaj tswv yim muaj tswv yim ntsuj plig. Lawv mloog thiab tus phooj ywg cwj pwm physiologist txhawb cov miv sab cov menyuam kawm ntawv muaj tswv yim ua si. Anokhina lectures twb nrov heev, raws li cov kev tob ua ke lawv nrog ib tug nyob thiab ib tug ntshiab kev nthuav qhia, imagery thiab expressiveness ntawm kev hais lus, raws li zoo raws li lub undeniable validity ntawm cov uas nrhiav. Nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws sawv ntawm lub Soviet lub tsev kawm ntawv Physiology Anohin nrhiav raws li cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob clarity, thiab qhia tawm, tus visibility ntawm cov khoom. Ntau txaus nyiam mus lectures ntxiv physiological thwmsim rau tej tsiaj txhu. Muaj ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm xav tias nws lectures improvisations. Nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, tus paub txog ua tib zoo npaj rau nws.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Los ntawm 1969 mus 1974, Anohin Petr Kuzmich, uas nws biography tau raug nthuav saum toj no, lub taub hau ntawm laboratory ntawm lub koom haum ntawm pathological thiab qub Physiology ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Medical Sciences. Nyob rau hauv 1961 nws twb muab tsub lub txiav txim ntawm cov liab Banner. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1968 nws tau muab ib tug kub puav pheej rau lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug tshiab Pavlova kev taw qhia neurophysiology txuam nrog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej lub koom haum ntawm lub paj hlwb. Tom qab ntawd, nws mus rau congresses nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thiab Nyiv rau lub npe ntawm lub cim xeeb. Nrog cov ua yeeb yam nws tau pom los ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb kev zej zog.

Academician tuag nyob rau hauv 1974. Peter Kuzmich yog faus nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy toj ntxas.