Lub ntsiab ntawm lub paj huam thiab tsom xam ntawm "Monument" Lomonosov

Yuav pib qhov twg uas peb ntsuam ntawm cov paj huam "Monument" Lomonosov? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lawv txiav txim los ntawm lub npe, ntawv tivthaiv plays ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws. Yuav ua li cas mus pib ib tug ras txoj kev ntawm lub neej ntawm no tsis tshua muaj dlej neeg raug?

Dim thaum hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv 1730 tawm ntawm lub tsev nyiag los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg txheeb ze nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hmo ntuj 19-xyoo-laus txiv leej tub ... Ua ntej ntawm nws txoj kev phav phav mais deb. Nws yog hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ib tug shabby tsho tiv no, ces muab pov tseg lawm sab saum toj ntawm nws lub tsho. Txoj kev Knapsack, tsuas yog rau ib daim khob cij thiab ib tug spare lub tsho, nws mascot txog rau thaum xaus ntawm hnub: muab rau nws los ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ze Smotritsky qauv sau ntawv thiab zauv Magnitsky.

Leej twg yog nws, tus tub hluas Lomonosov ua hauj lwm "Monument" uas, nws sau tau kaum xyaa xyoo tom qab, inspired thiab inspires qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub paj huam ntawm lub Fatherland? Lub adventurer, uas pib nws conquest ntawm Sciences nrog lub falsification ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua pov thawj nws tus kheej. Yuav ua li cas nws xav, yuav ua li cas npaum li cas siab! Fanatic, nyeem ntawv hnub thiab hmo ntuj, nrog lub ascetic cov ntsiab lus kev noj - ib tug Penny ib hnub twg. Ib tug tub hluas nrog ib tug zoo kawg li nco thiab lub siab tshaj plaws lub IQ, yuam kom nyob los ntawm txhais tes rau hauv qhov ncauj, noj mov xwb mov kvass yog, tab sis tseem tsis txuag rau ntawm daim ntawv thiab taws tswm ciab ...

Lub npe tsev kawm ntawv - cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov Fatherland

Lomonosov ... "Kuv tau tsa ib tug monument tsis muaj tes ..." - raws li nplua nws tom qab 90 xyoo hais tias Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Recognition ntawm lub Fatherland Mikhail Vasilyevich, ib tug tiag tiag amazing neeg - ho. Tus thawj Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij - ib lub ntiaj teb-class paub txog; pom tau hais tias lexicographer; tus founder ntawm Lavxias teb sab scientific lub tsev kawm ntawv, ib tug astronomer; tus txiv neej uas muab cov me nyuam yaus ntawm niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab geologist, geographer, historian, kws sau paj lug ...

muaj tswv yim txuj ci

Nws pab mus rau tsim ntawm Lomonosov sau Lavxias teb sab teb chaws paj huam. "Monument" .... Qhov tsom xam ntawm no paj huam qhia tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws loj loj txuj ci. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis cia li muaj ib tug meej kev sau ntawv khoom plig. Lomonosov ncav raws nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tswv yim pom zoo rau cov zoo structuring ntawm poetic suab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, nws phau ntawv rhetoric tau txais kev pab raws li ib lub qhov rooj mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm paj huam rau ntau paj huam ..

"Monument" Lomonosov - ib tug tshwj xeeb nqe. Nws - ib tug tseem ceeb thiab sublime, raws li nws stands, raws li, nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv, ib zaj nkauj ntawm siab paj huam. Nws lub hom phiaj - mus laj mej pej xeem saib lub ntsab lug xyoo ntawm poetic ua hauj lwm.

Lub ntsiab ntawm lub paj huam "Monument" Lomonosov - ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub xeev lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, thiab - txiav txim ntawm lub merits nyob rau hauv lub versification. Mikhail los ua ib tug neeg xyuas pib ntawm classical Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, cov nqe lus nyob rau hauv nws patriotism, hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov tseem ceeb, cwm pwm. Citizenship - hais tias yog Credo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas hais tias neeg pab leg ntaubntawv Lomonosov ( "Monument"). Cov paj huam, nws tsom qhia charisma, lub zog tab poetic txuj ci ntawm nws sau, yog ib tug tawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam.

Tom qab University linguist general tsoom fwv kev kawm

Lomonosov "rhetoric" nyob rau hauv tune nrog cov kev cai ntawm lub Horatian "Art of Paj Huam", cim cov kho kom zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab versification. Nyob rau hauv nws "monument" kws sau paj lug hloov maj mam yim pab tsis rhuav Horatian style, txais tos lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug pej xeem haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv huab tais Peter I.

khoom lub tswv yim nws tus kheej yog neeg ncaj. Zog ntawm Guj kuj, rau nws cov keeb kwm lub hom phiaj, uas txuam nrog lub Peb Rome. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhib rau qhov no, ua ib tug qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab txawj civilization txheej txheem los mus saib rau nws nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient Rome! Nws yog ib qhov logic yuav tsum Lomonosov ( "Monument").

Cov paj huam, nws tsom qhia hais tias nws yog ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, cim tias seb thaum lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws tsim nyog mus nyob siab paj huam.

Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv "Monument" Lomonosov - canonical nqe lus no, muaj qhov chaw - ib tug Ode rau lub kws sau paj lug naiizvestneyshego heyday ntawm lub Roman ntaub ntawv ntawm Quintus Horatius Flaccus. Vim rau qhov no, tus sau tswj kom organically txuas tus nyob mus ib txhis tseem ceeb thiab lub Lavxias teb sab txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los, lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ntawm neeg txhais lus - mus las ib tug zoo li txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia thiab Rome.

Tus thawj xib fwb kev sib txawv ntawm Lomonosov lub "Monument" thiab cov Horatian Ode "Yuav kom Melpomene"

Mikhail, ua tib zoo fwm los ntawm cov thawj qhov chaw tus nqi zhiznestroitelnoy thiab aesthetic manifesto, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tseg los ntawm nws anakreontiki, piv txwv li lyrical nyob rau hauv qhuas ntawm txoj kev kaj siab ntawm lub neej. Ob-lub suab iambic, yuav luag sib dhos kab, siv cov lus txhob txwm tshaj tawm - anachronisms Lomonosov achieves clarity, solemnity, minted exposition ntawm kev xav. Oda txawv strofikoy ruaj khov thiab resistant 'meter' uas txhais tau li nazyvaey "odic canon". Nws tsis nyuaj tiag tiag solemn.

Keeb kwm tej yam kev mob ntawm creation ntawm lub Ode

Nyob rau peb sab, nws yuav lwj liam tsis nco qab lub keeb kwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas cov paj huam tau sau. Nyob rau hauv Eastern Europe mus rau lub 40-s ntawm lub XVIII tiam raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kho Petra Velikogo ua ib tug muaj zog, centralized Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, ib tug active koom tes nyob rau hauv lub yias-European kev nom kev tswv txheej txheem. Nqa tawm xeev kho muab kom kov yeej lub kev thiab economic backwardness ntawm cov kev European lub teb chaws: lub Netherlands, Sweden, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis. Lavxias teb sab nom tswv cajceg, qhov kev txiav txim hauv chav kawm ntawv tau tsim thiab koom nrog cov European kab lis kev cai. Vosled rau lub teb chaws tsev, mauj kev hloov tau ua thiab txuj ci thiab, nyob rau hauv particular ntaub ntawv.

Peter kuv yeej tswj kom do thiab tsim creation ntawm ib tug lossis loj lub teb chaws uas tezisno mentions nyob rau hauv nws Ode "Monument" Lomonosov. Qhov no paj huam qhia tsis tshua muaj neeg sib fwm yam ntxwv ntawm reformist huab tais rau peb raws li lub "reigning nyob rau hauv cov neeg." Tej zaum yog vim li cas nws mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li Peter lub Great? Tsis hais qhov tseeb cov thawj Lavxias teb sab huab tais Mikhail qhia txog nws cov duab, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau cov Roman tus huab tais Davnusom.

Reformers Lomonosov paj huam, Horace. "Monument" - lub crown ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm

Ob lub kws sau paj lug: tus neeg sau ntawm cov thawj "monument" thiab tus neeg sau ntawm nws hloov lwm lub tsev, thiab Horace, thiab Lomonosov - Reformers yog txhua yam ntawm nws lub teb chaws system ntawm versification. Horace primacy belongs rau siv Alcaic nyob rau hauv Latin paj huam. Lomonosov - cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab syllabic-tonic versification hauv paus ntsiab lus, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov sib txawv zoo lug ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Pushkin tsis yog yug tsis tau, thiab iambic tetrameter, raws li, tseeb, thiab tej ntsiab cai ntawm versification, twb tau tsim. Yuav ua li cas koj xav hais tias yog dab tsi? Cov lus nug, ntawm chav kawm, nws cov ...

Raws li ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, nws cov haiv neeg hom lus, raws li ib tug linguist, paub txog, Mikhail systematically hloov, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb - tau tsim lub rhetoric ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.

Lub tswv yim Odes ntawm Horace «Exegi monumentum ...»

Tsab consonance txawj transformations nyob rau hauv Russia, Mikhail Vasilyevich cog lus, nrog rau cov koom haum ntawm lub Latin paj huam ntawm Horace nyob rau hauv lub Golden muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Roman ntaub ntawv. Comparative tsom xam ntawm University paj huam "Monument" txij thaum tau ua lub npe hu txij thaum lub Renaissance, lub 30 Horatian Ode ( «Exegi monumentum ...») qhia no.

Nws creator mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug-citizen, philosophically txhais nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab hauv lub xeev. (Nws hais no Ode rau peb ib feem ntawm nws "paj huam ntawm science" lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm.) Nws lub ntsiab ntsiab lus: lub kws sau paj lug thim motives ntawm creativity nyob hauv lub xeev, thiab hauv lub xeev, nyob rau hauv lem, tau txais los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv rov qab rau ib tug tshwj xeeb poetic duab, chanting nws lub koob meej, glamour.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov uas Horace mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm paj huam? Horace, tus txiv neej "uas ua rau nws tus kheej" tus creator ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm cov kos duab ntawm paj huam, paub hais tias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, "nws muaj chaw, tsis carved nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb." Yog hais tias cov vaj ntxwv thiab pharaohs perpetuate lawv tus kheej cyclopean lug, lub kws sau paj lug - tswv ntawm cov suab paj nruag tsim nyob rau hauv nws nco lub sab ntsuj plig "cim ntawm kev tsis txawj tuag" - lawv tej hauj lwm. Cov hauj lwm yog timeless, kov cov ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg ntawm txawv tiam, lawv evoke xav thiab cov koom haum. Yog li, lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tsis mus rau hauv oblivion. Qhov no lub tswv yim yog ib tug zoo Roman yog ua tau tshaj tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv nws Ode "Yuav kom Melpomene".

Tej Horatian, tab sis tom rau Lavxias teb sab specifics, views on paj huam muab tso rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Monument" Lomonosov. Cov paj huam tej zaum yuav zoo tau lub epigraph «Sapere aude» ( «ua li koj lub siab mus yuav muaj tswv yim"). Vision Vasilyevich Mikhailov txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog yuav luag coincided nrog cov Horatian. Thiab qhov no txawm lub fact tias lub Lomonosov thiab Horace qhia kaum tsib puas xyoo!)

Keeb kwm mus rau lub stanzas ntawm Horace tau accessed ...

Txawm li cas los, 250 xyoo ua ntej yug me nyuam ntawm Lomonosov Italian kws sau paj lug Francesco Petrarca, lub npe hu Catholic daim duab ntawm lub Italian Renaissance era, twb tsim, muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm Horace, nws cov kwv huam (sonnets, Sestina, madrigals, canzone). Cov feem nrov ntawm cov muaj tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov European Roman paj huam, raws li zoo raws li rau Mikhail Vasilyevich yog Horatian peb phau ntawv "Science ntawm Paj Huam", uas cia li muaj lub Ode "Yuav kom Melpomene".

Lomonosov - tus tsim ntawm cov zajlus kev lig kev cai goratsionskoy

Qhov tsom xam ntawm lub paj huam "Monument" University nyob rau hauv volume nyob rau hauv lub kaum ntawm lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li qhov loj ntawm cov paj huam. Nws yog ib tug luv luv, tab sis tsis tshua muaj neeg capacious. Cuaj kaum, cov paj huam ntawm Mikhail ze nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig mus rau tus naas ej Ode "Yuav kom Melpomene" Quintus Horatius Flaccus.

Tsim ib tug thawj neeg txhais lus ntawm cov Roman tej hauj lwm, tham nws tus kheej nrog rau lwm cov, thaum denoting nws tus kheej pab cov ntaub ntawv uas ... Qhov no Horatian poetic kev lig kev cai tsim nws Lomonosov. Moral txoj cai mus ntxiv rau ib tug ob peb nws muaj ib tug Lavxias teb sab paj huam Derzhavin, Pushkin, Bruce, Mayakovsky, Gamzatov Vysotsky.

Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub XVIII - XIX xyoo pua, tsim nws txhua txhua monument Derzhavin, Pushkin, Lomonosov. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm kev sib yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub transformation ntawm lub University ntawm lub monument rau Pushkin monument? Lomonosov lub chaw ua hauj lwm thawm xyoo - Roman thiab Pushkin kuj hais heev dua lwm yam "hais txog qhov zoo Russia." Tej zaum tsuas Alexander Sergeevichem puab khoom logic cia, thiab yog raug xa mus Alexandria pillar raws li ib tug sib piv.

Lub solemnity ntawm lub Ode

Qhov tsom xam ntawm lub paj huam "Monument" Lomonosov thawm xyoo redirects peb mus rau lub qhia tawm Horace cov achievements nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, paub los ntawm lub Roman lub neej thiab hauv lub xeev. Lawv ua raws li ce tom qab tus poj Roman, npe thiab Mikhail. Txawm li cas los, peb nco ntsoov tias Lomonosov yog tsis ib tug neeg - ib tug ntxiv. Cia li originality lomonosovkogo enumeration merits ntawm tus poj Roman faj tim teb chaws ua ntej lub Eternal yog tsis mus dig muag lawv retelling. Originality ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Mikhail rau siv ib tug sib piv ntawm cov nws tus kheej nrog Horace, thiab Russia nrog Rome, qhia rau cov pej xeem hais txog lub tiav ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Nws tus kheej muaj ntsis zoo ib txoj hauj lwm zoo rau nws Horatian lieraturoy! Yog li, txhua nqe vaj lug kub nws sau tau nws tus kheej compositions txuam twb nrog Russia thiab ib tug neeg.

Qhov tsom xam ntawm lub paj huam "Monument" Lomonosov sau nyob rau hauv Ode rau ib hom ntawv nyeem, sau ntawv solemnity nebudnichnost ntawm cov ntawv nyeem - tus yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub Ode. Cov verses hais lawv cov pej xeem nyeem ntawv.

Lomonosov project ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv raws li "ib tug kos npe rau ntawm kev tsis txawj tuag"

Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia Ode Mikhail sau txog cov creation ntawm lub poetic "kos npe rau ntawm kev tsis txawj tuag." Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv relation mus nws txawj hauj lwm zoo, xws pab mus rau lub kos duab ntawm Horace?

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, hais txog lub tseg ib lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim ib qho kom Lavxias teb sab lus nrog nws cov cim style system, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm harmonious versification, lwm yam tsim ib nta system, nqa nws tag nrho rau ib lub cim - lub kos npe rau hais tias Lomonosov ( "Monument"). Analysis ntawm lub nom tswv teev tseg tseem ceeb ntawm no tshab rau reeks slovestnosti qhia cov uniqueness ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicism. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov nyob sab Europe classicism, Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua tau tsis tso siab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub domestic kev sau ntawv kev lig kev cai. Tab sis Lomonosov yog tsim los ntawm nws ordering. Hais tias yog, ua tsaug rau Mikhail Vasilievich, nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv kev tshawb xav ua ntej ntawm nws xyaum.

Cov kws sau paj lug yog immortal nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub teb chaws

Ntawm no yog xws li ib tug tiag tiag "nyob mus ib txhis kos npe rau" - ib tug zoo meej zog ntawm versification muab tag nrho cov paj huam los - nws tej qub txeeg qub Lomonosov. Tom qab tag nrho, tus poj Lavxias teb sab lus yog tawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Nws yog txog lub kws sau paj lug - tus paub txog yog hais txog mus rau lub feem ntau hu lub cim ntawm nyob mus ib txhis - lub pyramids. Artwork Lomonosov "Monument" cav hais tias txoj hmoo ntawm cov kws sau paj lug - pej xeem ua txhua yam los ntawm suav tsis tau ties nrog lawv teb chaws, yog tseem inextricably txuas nrog nws. Nws, zoo li lub legendary Antaeus, mus rau kos lub zog los ntawm lawv cov teb chaws. High creativity yuav tsis cia siab rau lub xeev thiab yuav tsum pab nws, hais tias Mikhail.

Yuav ua li cas yog zoo li cwm pwm University thiab Horace?

Raws li nram no los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm puas ua hauj lwm rau ib tug paj huam "Monument", nws, raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug, mus nrhiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov Horatian Ode, muaj tej co zoo ntawm kindred dab nrog Horace. Ib yam li cov Roman kws sau paj lug, Mikhail pib nws cov hauj lwm los ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj kev strata. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ob leeg kws sau paj lug muaj pej xeem lub siab tshaj plaws nyob qib. Ob leeg ntawm lawv yog cov los ntawm lawv qhov tau workaholics thiab lawv kev nyob rau hauv versification - pab tau rau lwm yam paj huam.

Mus cuag ib tug tseeb ntawm txoj kab ntawm Lomonosov lub "Monument", uas thawm xyoo nws tawm los ntawm lub Roman kws sau paj lug lub ntsej muag, yeej xav tias ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm deja vu nrog Russia ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua, nws cov paj huam.

University ua hauj lwm txuas ntxiv paj huam

Nws, zoo li Horace, tsis muaj cuav kom yus hnav zoo thiab objectively commensurate pab cov ntaub ntawv uas ua raws li, piv txwv li, lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov zajlus txheej txheem. Nws realizes - nws ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv coob yeej ib txwm, nws tau tau txhais lub ntsiab lus qhia ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm paj huam, uas yuav inevitably mus ntxiv rau cov thwjtim. Yog li ntawd, Lomonosov, raws li nplua tom qab lub zoo Roman, lub thib ob "tsis kuv tuag ..." Nws li nram qab no Horace, binds nws lub yeeb koob rau lub yeeb koob ntawm lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam Lomonosov siv lo lus "Rome", tab sis yog nyob rau hauv lub astute nyeem ntawv hais tias pom "Russia".

xaus

Analysis nqe "Monument" University yuav siv sij hawm peb mus rau lub sij hawm thaum lub Lavxias teb sab classical paj huam ntawm ib tug formative theem. Nws twb tsis tau tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug galaxy ntawm ci ntsa iab paj huam ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua: NA Nekrasov, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Pushkin. Peb tsis tau hnov nyob rau hauv nws lawv heartfelt lus, hu cov neeg mus ua siab zoo, kev ncaj ncees, thiab cov tib neeg ...

Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov Lavxias teb sab kub galaxy ntawm paj huam nws tau txais los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ib tug priceless khoom plig - ib tug coherent kev tshawb xav ntawm rhetoric thiab tsim ib tug kws sau paj lug-kawm kev cai ntawm versification. Pushkin lub iambic tetrameter yog invented nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim kuaj ntawm Mikhail Vasilyevich.

University undeniable invaluable pab mus rau Lavxias teb sab paj huam yog cia li qhia rau peb nws zaj paj huam "Monument".