Lub ciam teb ntawm Norway thiab Russia: Keeb kwm thiab tiam

Ciam teb rau lwm thiab rhuav lawv nyob rau txhua lub sij hawm tau qhov ua rau ntawm kev tsov kev rog. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Kievan Rus, nws zoo phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm lub teb chaws thiab principalities feem ntau siab raws li rusichi lawv tus kheej thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nws yog tsis yog feem ntau koj yuav tau raws li ib tug ntev thiab muaj zog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws, tiam sis nws yog xws txuas Russia thiab Norway. Qhov sib thooj ntawm cov ob lub xeev tsis tshua mus tshaj ib tug phooj ywg nruab nrab. Ntawv pov thawj ntawm no yog tus ciaj ciam ntawm Norway thiab Russia, lub 190-xyoo hnub tseem ceeb ntawm uas tau lom nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 2016.

Keeb kwm ntawm Norway thiab Russia kev sib raug zoo

Vikings hu ua Kievan Rus Norwegians, Danes thiab Swedes. Pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua 10, lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub "qhua" uas tus hluas xeev, raws li nws yog feem ntau xaus dynastic kev sib yuav ntawm cov muaj koob muaj npe dynasties. Piv txwv li, Yaroslav Mudry muab nws tus ntxhais Elizabeth rau lub Norwegian King Harald, ncha xa mus rau raws li "formidable". Nws yuav txiv rau tus ntxhais ntawm Swedish King Olaf.

Norman squads yog cov princes ntawm Kiev thiab tiv thaiv nrog lawv tiv thaiv lub Pechenegs, thiab txawm mus rau Byzantium. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv muaj puas nyob hauv Novgorod, Kiev, Chernigov thiab lwm lub tebchaws, thiab assimilated nrog nyob hauv zos. Yog li ntawd dabneeg hloov zuj zuj centuries-laus phooj ywg ntawm Norway thiab Russia.

Cov kev hloov mus rau lub Norwegian ciam teb Kievan Rus

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, lub teb chaws ciam teb rau lwm feem ntau hloov lawv ciam teb, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev vam meej los yog tsis ua tub rog campaigns, lawv "twb tsiv" raws li ib tug kab tshoob khoom plig. Piv txwv li, kom txog thaum lub nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th tus ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Norway coj qhov chaw nyob rau Lyngen Fjord, 50 km ntxiv rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub neej tshiab nimno lub zos ntawm Tromsø. Cov tib Yaroslav Mudry raws li ib tug nqi taub hau rau nws tus ntxhais, thiab muab rau lawv tag nrho uas nyob ib ncig cov av mus rau Alta Fjord (tam sim no lub xeev ntawm Finnmark).

Zoo li cov kab tshoob offerings tau txais tag nrho cov European muaj koob muaj npe dynasties, yog li ntawd qhov kev nce nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub zos nyob sib ze lub teb chaws nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lawv tus kheej av tsis tau ib tug fad ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duke.

Qhov no ciam teb ntawm Norway thiab Russia tseem kom txog thaum lub nruab nrab-lub xyoo pua 13th, thaum Alexander Nevsky, uas nyob rau txawv sij hawm reigned nyob rau hauv Novgorod, lub Kiev, ces nyob rau hauv Vladimir, tsis "thawb" lwm ib feem ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm sab qaum teb neeg zej zog. Ib tug uas twb muaj lawm txoj kab, nws txhab rau Tanaforda.

Txij li thaum 1397, Norway los ua ib feem ntawm lub Kalmar Union, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub tus kheej txoj cai ntawm Danish kav cov vaj ntxwv, thiab cov ciam teb raws li nws tau tsim ntawm Russia thiab Unia. Nws tsis yog kom txog thaum 1523, thaum lub union tsis tau tawg li vim hais tias ntawm dissatisfaction nrog Sweden.

Lavxias teb sab-Norwegian ciam teb los ntawm 17 mus 19 xyoo pua

Nyob rau hauv 1603, kev hloov yuav tsum coj qhov chaw nyob rau ciam teb ntawm ob lub teb chaws, raws li nws tau pom zoo ntawm Boris Godunov Christian thiab 4, tus huab tais ntawm Denmark thiab Norway (1577-1648 xyoo). Raws li nws, ib tug tshiab txoj kab yog yuav tsum tau muaj Kola di ncauj thiab Tanafordom rau lub Varanger fjord (Bay ntawm lub Barents hiav txwv, uas cais lub ceg av qab teb ntawm Fishermen thiab Norwegian Varanger ceg av qab teb).

Tab sis raws li cov hnub nyob rau hauv Russia twb vague, thiab tus huab tais twb tsis ntev tua, qhov kev pom zoo tau tsis tau kos npe rau. Yuav kom nws rov qab nyob rau hauv 1684, tab sis lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev sib cais ntawm tus ciam teb nws tau raug hloov nrog tshiab. Raws li nws, Russia thiab Norway muaj cai nyob rau hauv lub Kola ceg av qab teb thiab tus so ntawm lub disputed av.

Yog li, ob lub teb chaws tau muaj cov cheeb tsam thiab sau se muaj, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv tsis xav los tsim lawv tiag. Thiab txuas ntxiv raws li ntau li ntau 130 xyoo, thaum Norway tsis tau ncaim tawm ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib ntawm lub Danish thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm Sweden.

Los ntawm 1814 mus 1826 nws tau txuas ntxiv uncertainty nyob rau hauv cov pawg neeg thaj av, raws li cov hauj ciam teb ntawm Norway thiab Russia tsis tau tsim muaj.

Daim ntawv cog lus 1826

Qhov no daim ntawv cog lus yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm txoj hauj lwm zoo ua los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ob lub teb chaws. Raws li nws, lub teb chaws uas tau ntev tau nyob rau hauv kev siv, ncaim Norway. Nyuaj yog feem ntau koom kawm, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam feeb inhabited ntog, thiab Skolt Sami.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub teb chaws ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Norway tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev txaus siab ntawm txhua lub teb chaws:

• Lapps centuries tau fishermen;
• Sami, uas nyob rau hauv lub roob, koom nyob rau hauv reindeer herding;
• Skolt yeej tsis xav kom cia lawv cov Orthodox churches ua los ntawm lawv cov pog koob yawg koob 300 xyoo dhau los.

Yuav luag ib lub xyoo tau ploj mus tawm mus coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov kev txaus siab, thiab May 14, 1826 daim ntawv hu ua "Convention nyob rau lub xeev ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Norway nyob rau hauv churchyards Lapland" tau kos npe nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, suav Nesselrode los ntawm Russia thiab Niels Palmstierna, Swedish-Norwegian ambassador.

Nyob rau hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv Lwm nyuaj yog tus ciam teb ntawm Finland.

Ciam teb los ntawm Finland

Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov Norwegian-Lavxias teb sab ciam teb muaj valerian Galyamin lieutenant colonel ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Turkish tsov ua rog, cov artist thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub Imperial iav Hoobkas.

Los ntawm nws yuav tsum tau tsis tsuas nws txuj ci raws li ib tug neeg pleev kob los kos ib tug tshiab Mezhuyev rau hauv daim ntawv qhia nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws, tab sis kuj diplomatic kev txawj ntse raws li zoo raws li lub demarcation muaj ib tug kev txaus siab ntawm lub teb chaws peb.

Ciam teb ntawm Russia, Norway, Finland, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws, twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab sab nws kis tau los ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej mus rau nws qhov chaw vorem thiab ntxiv rau sab hnub poob mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Boris thiab Gleb, thiab ces sab qab teb raws tus dej rau Rayyakoski Paz.

Nyob rau hauv Finland (lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm ciaj ciam av) yog ib qho nyuaj mus cuag qhov chaw ntawm lub channel zawj los ntawm ob peb toj, dej thiab pas dej mus rau lub roob Kolmizoyve-Madakiedsa txuas ntxiv mus txuas Skaareiok inflow ntawm cov dej Tana.

Thaum tus ciam taw tes nws tau ib thaj chaw uas txawm nyob rau hauv 1751 g scripting ciam ntawm Norway thiab Duke of Finland. Qab nws tau yav tas los undivided av Lapland. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no ntawm tus ciam teb lasted kom txog thaum lub 20th caug xyoo.

Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th tus ciaj ciam ntawm Norway thiab Russia ob peb lub sij hawm hloov nws zoo, thiab qhov no yog txuam nrog rau cov tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv txheej xwm, uas lub sij hawm no twb nyeem. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov sij hawm:

• Los ntawm 1920 mus 1944 nws tsim lub Norwegian-Finnish ciam teb nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tshem ntawm Finland los ntawm Russia twb nyob rau hauv 1918 thiab nws cov annexation ntawm Petsamo koog tsev kawm ntawv.
• tshiab daim ntawv cog lus thiab tuav Soviet-Norwegian ciam teb twb kos npe nyob rau hauv 1947 thiab 1949, ntsig txog.
• Txij li thaum xyoo 1991 los lawm, Norway muaj ib thaj av ciam teb nrog Russia, uas nws sovereignty pom tom qab lub Soviet cev qhuav dej.
• Ib daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv delimitation ntawm lub Barents Hiav txwv thiab lub Arctic hiav txwv nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws tau kos npe nyob rau hauv 1993 thiab 2011.

Yog hais tias lub teb chaws rau ib lub Lavxias teb sab-Norwegian ciam teb yog yooj yim, qhov kev sib cais ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub hiav txwv rau ze li ntawm 80 xyoo lawm muaj teeb meem.

maritime ciam

Lub disputed hiav txwv ciam teb nrog Russia - Norway nyob rau hauv 1926, thaum lub Soviet Union tshaj tawm hais tias ib feem ntawm lub Barents Hiav txwv thiab lub Arctic hiav txwv lawv unilaterally. Tsis muaj leej twg no ciam teb yog tsis yog tsis paub, tab sis sib ntaus rau nws, dhau lawm, tsis xav mus.

Nws twb ntes 175,000 km ² Norwegian dej, thiab nws ua lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws strained. Nyob rau hauv 1976, Norway tau txiav txim siab tsis mus poob qab thiab tseem unilaterally tshaj tawm hais tias cov cheeb tsam lawv.

Qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas yuav alleviate cov tense teeb meem no - yog ib tug pom zoo rau kev sib koom tes siv cov disputed chaws nyob rau hauv lub nuv ntses ua lag luam. Tej geological los yog roj-ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov chaw tau txwv.

Nyob rau hauv 2010, ib tug treaty tau kos npe ntawm Russia thiab Norway, nyob rau hauv uas rau tom kawg yuav tau rov qab lawv cov dej nyob rau hauv lub Barents Hiav txwv thiab Arctic hiav txwv.

ciam teb niaj hnub no

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, qhov ntev ntawm lub Norwegian-Lavxias teb sab ciam teb yog 195,8 rau daim av thiab dej ntws thiab 23,3 km ntawm lub hiav txwv. Tua nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th laj kab nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws txum tim rov qab nyob rau hauv 2016 los ntawm Norway.

Kws muaj txuj ci laj kab yuav tsum muaj ib barrier rau koj nkag mus rau hauv lub Schengen tsam cov neeg tawg rog.