Lamiaceae tsev neeg: ib nyuag lus piav qhia txog

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov loj heev tsev neeg Lamiaceae, Labiatae thiab ua ntej lawm, yog ubiquitous nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - nyob rau hauv lub kub tsis txias latitudes ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, nyob rau hauv Neeg Esxias av loj, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws sov thiab subtropical thaj chaw Central thiab South America. Ib qho ntawm ntau yam tsob nroj tsev neeg paub txog cov Mediterranean lub teb chaws, roob thiab tiaj nrag ntawm lub American sab av loj ntawm Eurasia, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Arctic tundra kom tau raws li cov nroj tsuag los ntawm cov Labiatae - tsawg zoo. Peb kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no zoo kawg nkaus tsev neeg.

Feem ntau hom thiab lawv daim ntawv sau npe

Lamiaceae tsev neeg, yog rightly xam tau tias yog ib tug cosmopolitan tsob nroj lub nceeg vaj, koom 221 genus thiab ntau tshaj 6000 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov tsiaj qus, tab sis tus neeg sawv cev ntawm 65 genera yog siv nyob rau hauv ornamental horticulture, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv industrial qhuav. Muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg yasnotkovyh - nqi roj cov qoob loo, uas tau pom siv nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus, tshuaj, khoom noj khoom haus thiab naj hoom kev lag luam. Nws cog xws li txiv qaub tshuaj, mint, lavender, oregano, basil, thyme thiab ntau lwm cov qoob loo. Ib txhia cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Labiatae muaj colorants.

Qhov chaw sib txawv qhia tus nyeem ntawv txog qhov sib txawv tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm tsev neeg. Qhia kom meej cov naj npawb peb ua tsis tau, peb nco ntsoov tsuas yog hais tias lub hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog tiag tiag heev npaum li cas. Tiam sis tag nrho ntawm lawv txawv los ntawm zoo kawg li muaj lub zog thiab muaj ib tug yawm muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau lub tswv yim, feem ntau heev hnyav tej yam kev mob. Uas yog vim li cas lawv yog faib nyob rau hauv tsis kub tsis txias thiab teb chaws sov latitudes, t. E. Nyob rau hauv lub ncov qaumteb qabteb cheeb tsam uas muaj ntau climatic tej yam kev mob.

Lamiaceae tsev neeg: general yam ntxwv

Feem ntau cov neeg ntawm tsev neeg - hav ib, ob, los yog perennial, tsis tshua lov tas vau thiab sub-lov tas vau. Treelike tib zoo (ntoo los yog hmab) yog tsis tshua muaj heev, lawv ntau heev ob peb.

Tsev Neeg yasnotkovyh distinguishes stems daim ntawv - qhia tetrahedral. Zoo tangible seb nyob rau hauv ib co hom - me ntsis npawv, convex, los yog vice versa, concave. Ntau hom kev stems yog sib txawv: txhim tsa los yog prostrate, tab sis lawv yeej muaj peev xwm ntawm kev noj cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov ntshav.

Lub ntsiab hauv paus feem ntau tsawv rau ib tug kab lis kev cai ntawm lub neej yog tuag, raug hloov los ntawm clauses. Ib txhia cov neeg sawv cev yasnotkovyh daim ntawv rhizomes, thaum lwm tus neeg - suckers.

Nplooj tag nrho los yog dissected, nyob rau hauv ib co hom - notably pubescent. Stipules tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Lawv muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tua nyob rau hauv officers, opposite txhua lwm yam, ib khub ntawm nplooj nyob crosswise nrog hwm rau lub yav dhau los thiab tom ntej officers. Lamiaceae tsev neeg ntawm distinguished thiab lub fact tias feem ntau ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv cov nplooj muaj tseem ceeb roj. Uas yog vim li cas lub Labiatae nplooj muaj ib lub ci tsw.

paj

Primordial lub npe Labiatae twb tau vim lub resemblance ntawm lub paj qhib caj pas, daim di ncauj ntsa los ntawm ob - sab saum toj thiab hauv qab. Nyob rau hauv ib co hom, lawv muab faib ua ob peb lobes. Lub paj yog me me, tsib-membered, bisexual, tsis tshua nrog rau bisexual paj yog pom xwb cov poj niam thiab tsis tshua muaj heev - ib qho rau cov txiv neej. Lawv xim varied: liab, ntshav, lilac, daj, dawb los yog pestrookrashennye. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv lub nplooj axils, ib txwm los yog sab sauv, hloov los yog kis tau daim ntawv ntawm bracts. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ib, ob los yog sau nyob rau hauv sib Inflorescences rau luv luv stalks. Txhua khub hu inflorescence paj thiab tom thim peculiar cuav paj nplhaib. Thaum xws li nyob ze sib thooj rings nyob rau hauv lub apical ib feem ntawm lub tua tsim zoo nkauj spurious ntsia hlau loj, txhuam los yog whisk. Upper nplooj khiav maj txo nyob rau hauv loj thiab xav tias hauv daim ntawv ntawm bracts. Raug dag spikes tau cai nyob rau hauv nettle, mint, catnip, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam ..

Tus qauv ntawm lub paj

calyx feem ntau pyatizubaya, tswb-zoo li tus, gamophyllous seem thiab siav txiv hmab txiv ntoo. By lub sij hawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening nws hardens thiab cov hniav ua spiky. Qee zaus, nyob ntawm seb lub hom, ib khob bilabiate. Corolla - raj xaus nyob rau hauv txawv variations. Lub abundance ntawm hom muab sawv mus rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Corolla. Piv txwv li:

• Nrog bilabiate limb. Lub Upper di ncauj yog tsim nrog 2 fused tej nplaim, thiab hauv qab - los ntawm 3. Qhov nruab nrab ib feem ntawm lub sab hauv qab no feem ntau yog dvunadrezana. Tej beaters los ntawm nettle, sage, galeopsis.

• Odnoguby nepolnoguby los yog, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Dubnica.

• Cropping (nyob rau hauv mint).

Nruab nrab ntawm cov Stamens - 4, lawv yog txuas mus rau lub Corolla raj, 2 ntawm lawv, feem ntau yog ntev tshaj li qhov lwm ob. Lawv muaj peev xwm ploj nyob rau hauv lub Upper di ncauj, los yog concave outwardly raug thaum txiav los yog Corolla nepolnoguby. Nyob rau hauv ib co hom, tsuas 2 Stamens. Ib txhia hom ntawm luv luv-haum qws txob tawm ntawm lobes 4- los yog 5-Lobed zes qe menyuam. Rau pollination tsev neeg Lamiaceae siv ib kem uas sawv cev rau lub cais nyob rau hauv ob spout. Nws attracts kab, tab sis tsis pub nws tus kheej-pollination. Cov lus hais rau tus tswv ntawm xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv yog ib tug sage. Siav txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb do ntog mus rau hauv 4-seeded cov noob txiv.

Nws pom hais tias lub Lamiaceae nrog undeveloped ntug thiab mas Stamens yog faib tsuas yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm teb chaws Europe, nyob rau hauv Asia, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb teb chaws Africa thiab teb chaws Amelikas. Tej zaum, qhov no yog tib faib ntawm pollinating kab. Qhov no yog ib tug general cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsev neeg Lamiaceae, nws tseem mus nrhiav tau tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm tsim ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

txiv hmab txiv ntoo

Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiaj li hu ua cenobia raus nyob rau hauv ib lub khob, fractional, feem ntau muaj plaub lag, qhov chaw nrog ib tug uniformly tsim oreshkoobraznymi noob. Thaum twg ua tau maldevelopment tooj ntawm lag tej zaum yuav tsawg - 1 los yog 3. Yog li, rau cov raug fractional yasnotkovyh txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lawv yuav tsis yog txhais tau txiv hmab txiv ntoo-thawv los yog berries.

Tsev Neeg Lamiaceae: Cov neeg sawv cev

Lub generosity ntawm qhov, ensured lub muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm genera thiab hom, koom nyob rau hauv tsev neeg no yog amazing. Yuav kom nws peb tshuav lub fact tias cov nroj tsuag yog hu thoob ntiaj teb. Ntawm no yog ib tug ib nrab daim ntawv teev cov genera hais tias ua li lub tsev neeg ntawm Lamiaceae:

• agastash (Mexican hyssop);

• zmeegolovnika;

• galeopsis;

• tuag-nettle;

• Paj yeeb;

• Motherwort;

• Melissa;

• mint;

• basil;

• oregano;

• railings.

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Tag nrho cov no, thiab kuj tsis hais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv genera ntawm cov tsev neeg - gorgeous nroj tsuag uas yuav pab tau noob neej rau ntau centuries. Tsis txhob mloog tias ib txhia ntawm lawv ntev dhau los nyeg thiab coj ntau yam kev pab, muab ib tug tsawg tseem ceeb roj thiab dyes, thaum lwm tus uas nyob heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov qus, dai nws understated kev zoo nkauj taiga meadows thiab mountainous slopes.