Kwv huam YOG Turgenev lub "Aub", "Sparrow", "Lavxias teb sab lus": kev tsom xam. Turgenev tus prose paj huam: ib daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm

Summing li txoj kev ntawm lub neej, xav txog nyob mus ib txhis lus nug, dreary expectation ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub neej, los yeej ntseeg nyob rau hauv mus ib txhis lub neej ntawm nws ua hauj lwm - uas zoo sib xws laus kawg nkaus nyob hauv kev ua hauj lwm, uas yog nplooj siab rau peb obhor tsom xam. Turgenev tus prose paj huam (txhua yam ntawm qhov lawv) tau epitome ntawm worldly txhab txawj sau ntawv uas nws ntse heev pub kom dhau xwb ib ob peb kab ntawm dab tsi yog embodied nyob rau hauv dozens ntawm philosophical treatises.

ciam teb ib hom ntawv nyeem

Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj feem xyuam rau ob lub prose thiab paj huam, nyob rau hauv cov romantic era raws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ib tug nruj classicist kom zoo nkauj. . Txhua zaj paj huam nyob rau hauv prose ntawm Turgenev - "neeg thov khawv", "Lavxias teb sab lus", "Sparrow" thiab lwm tus neeg - mus rau ib tug tej yam twg raws li tej hauj lwm ntawm predecessors: Jules Lefebvre-Deme, Charles Baudelaire thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Tsim romantic ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj ntau nyob rau hauv ntau nrog lub lyrical paj huam tshaj luag, vim:

• brevity;

• weakening thaum pib ntawm lub narrative;

• nplua nuj imagery;

• lyrical pathos.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov kwv huam tsis sib dhos, thiab txawm muaj ib tug zoo lub koom haum, differed los ntawm tus ze "cov txheeb ze" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - free nqe thiab dawb paug nqe.

Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam twb "Kwv huam nyob rau hauv luag" Turgenev?

Los ntawm me me, peb yuav hais, ib tug tej yam me me prose ntawm Turgenev twb muab nyob rau hauv nws xyoo tom ntej, tom qab sau ntawv xws masterpieces li "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug saib xyuas" thiab "txiv thiab cov tub." Qhov no piav txog cov peculiar epithet, uas tau muab rau cov txawj sau ntawv ib lub voj voog - "ua tem toob". Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm tus sau yog luam tawm xwb 51 kwv huam nyob rau hauv lub "Phau ntawv Journal ntawm cov teb chaws Europe" nyob rau hauv 1882. Qhov seem 30 txawj sau ntawv ua tsis tau tejyam los npaj, thiab lawv tau tawm xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo 1930.

Cov tib lub ntsiab ntawm cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv prose ntawm Turgenev ris tag nrho cov voj voog. Lub motives ntawm cov laus uas muaj hnub nyoog, kev hlub, lub teb chaws, nyob ib leeg - lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tus txiv neej yog tshwm sim los rau peb ib tug kev paub ua ntej ntawm ntxhov tuag. Nws tsuas cov prose kwv huam nyob rau hauv tragic tones. Meanwhile, txoj kev xav ntawm kev kho siab thiab ntxhov siab nrog qhov sib txawv kev xav palette - kev hlub ntawm lub teb chaws, lub Lavxias teb sab lus, uas yog tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm cov neeg, lawv cov worldview.

"Sparrow": Kev hlub yog muaj zog tshaj tuag

Peb pib peb tsom xam. Turgenev tus prose paj huam "Sparrow" xaus nrog cov kab, uas tau ua aphoristic: "Hlub yog tus muaj zog tshaj tuag." Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov uas niaj hnub teeb meem no: ib tug sparrow poob los ntawm lub zes vim hais tias ntawm lub zog cua. Hunter aub khiav mus rau lub me nyuam qaib, raws li yog hais lawm qhov kev ua si. Tab sis ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd tom qab lwm sparrow rushed mus rau hauv av los tiv thaiv cov ib sij poob kinsman.

Bold txav ua lub cev ib lub siab ntawm awe. Rau lub siab tawv noog aub tej zaum yuav zoo li ib tug dab, tab sis ib txhia quab yuam ua rau nws tawm mus rau lub muaj kev ruaj ntseg chaw nyob thiab fim qhov kev nyab xeeb. Qhov no quab yuam yog lub cev hu txoj kev hlub rau tag nrho cov uas lub neej rests. Qhov no realization los txawm mus rau lub Trésor - thiab ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb tshwm sim: tus aub, uas yog ob peb lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li lawv raug tsim txom, ua ntej retreating hlub ...

Xai xws kwv huam nyob rau hauv prose ntawm Turgenev li kev hlub, nws yeej tshaj txoj kev tuag, tsis nyuaj dua. Nws kuj hais meej txog hais tias qhov no teeb lawm zwm tag nrho ntawm cov xwm, tag nrho cov ntug yog tsiv rau lawv.

"Aub": tus tib lub neej clinging rau txhua lwm yam

Cov duab ntawm lub pob zeb, txoj kev tuag yuav tsum hu ua los ntawm-Turgenev tus kwv huam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, txoj kev tuag mas qias neeg kab uas chob lawv plev tau leej twg. No lub ntsiab yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej Turgenev. "Aub" (prose paj huam), nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub "Sparrow" muaj tsis muaj tseeb zajlus. Tiamsis, nws yog txo mus rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lub ntsiab cim zaum nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev nrog tus aub khiav los ntawm ib tug cua daj cua dub.

Nyob rau hauv no kwj nco qab monologue suab tragic sau ntawv: hais tias tus neeg uas ruam tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm nyob mus ib txhis yog zoo tib yam. Tam sim no los yog tom qab txoj kev tuag yuav ya thiab mus ib txhis tua cov nplaim taws zes los ntawm ib tug neeg. "Ib tug thiab tib yam lub neej tuav rawv fearfully mus rau lwm yam" - uas qhia cov kev ntshai ntawm ntxhov tuag, Turgenev. "Aub", ib tug prose zaj paj huam, zoo ib yam li cov "Sparrow" daim ntawv ntawm ib co ntawm cov kev cai uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntug, thiab tib neeg yuav tsis txhob rau lawv. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv thawj cov khoom ntawm txoj kev cai no yog kev hlub, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - tus tuag.

Txiv neej, tsis zoo li cov dev, muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej-khiav. "Nws tus kheej tsis to taub" - tus hero-hais dabneeg hais txog cov khub sufferers. Tab sis tus txiv neej raws li ntse heev creatures paub txog cov tab tom yuav tuag. Qhov no yog ob qho tib si ib tug foom koob hmoov thiab nws foom tsis zoo. Kev rau txim rau muaj xws li lub sij hawm ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab kev ntshai nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm tab tom yuav doom. Blessing - ib lub sij hawm, tsis hais txog ntawm lub inevitable demise, mus nrhiav tau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej thiab hloov nws kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv lub tau ntawm no kev tshawb fawb.

Hymn ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus

Analysis pom tias Turgenev tus prose paj huam "Lavxias teb sab lus" qhib lwm voj voog ntsiab - patriotic. Nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ua hauj lwm (tsuas yog ib tug ob peb kab), cov neeg sau ua ke tag nrho nws muaj nuj nqis rau lub Lavxias teb sab lus, absorbed lub sijhawm ntawm ib tug neeg uas zoo heev, uas tseem nyob ruaj khov kho thaum lub sij hawm xeem. Uas yog vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv mus kawm txhua txhua zaj lus qhia ntaub ntawv. Turgenev lub paj huam nyob rau hauv prose tsim ib tug tsis tshua xav, thiab "Lavxias teb sab lus" lub pathos nce mus txog nws kawg nkaus.

Them mloog mus rau cov adjectives. Tus sau hu lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog zoo, haib, muaj tseeb tiag thiab dawb. Txhua yam ntawm cov lus txhais muaj ib tug ntxaum lub ntsiab lus. Lavxias teb sab lus yog kuj zoo kawg thiab haib, vim hais tias nws nteg tus nplua nuj kev pab rau cov kev qhia ntawm xav. Tseeb thiab txoj kev ywj pheej - vim hais tias qhov no yog nws cov cab kuj, cov neeg.

Nws - nws yog ib tug tshwm sim hais tias tsis tuaj los ntawm saum toj no, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg uas xav txog nws lub tsev. Lavxias teb sab lus, multi-ncau, thiab zoo nkauj, nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog peb cov neeg, ua tiag tiag, haib thiab txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug xaus

Analysis pom tias cov paj huam nyob rau hauv prose ntawm Turgenev - txhua xam tau tias yog los ntawm peb - belongs rau lub kab los sib ntsib tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Txawm lawv me me volume, tus sau twb tau mus hle teeb meem tseem ceeb, uas rau hnub no tsis tu tsis tseg kom muaj siab rau noob neej.