Yoov tshaj cum - ib qho ntawm feem ntau hom kab ntawm cov ntiaj chaw. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau txhua txhia qhov chaw, nrog rau cov tau kev zam ntawm Antarctica - lawv yuav tsis ua siab ntev xws tsawg kub, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Thiab tus so ntawm lub ubiquitous buzzing thiab cov zaub mov yog tsis heev me me thiab, txawm tias lawv yuav tau raws li nyob rau hauv cov suab puam, txawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog.
Biologists nyiaj rau ntau tshaj 3,000 hom yoov tshaj cum. Cov no yuav tsum yog tus loj ntawm ib tug khub ntawm millimeters mus rau 3 centimeters. Feem ntau, lawv xim unattractive gray-daj Hawj txawm. Buzz cov annoying kab tsim vim heev kev kub ceev flapping tis. Yog hais tias qhov nruab nrab txiv neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev nug cov lus nug, yog dab tsi noj yoov tshaj cum, cov lus teb yog - ntawm chav kawm, cov ntshav! Tab sis lub yeeb koob ntawm lub "bloodsuckers" kab entrenched tsis tabtom li ntawd. Qhov no yog piav los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm yoov tshaj cum muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb tsa ntawm lub qhov ncauj - lawv muaj ntsaws tseg nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev, nyias raj, uas ua cov kev ua ntawm lub sab hauv qab.
Cas, tsis muaj ib tug xav tias, dua li noj cov yoov tshaj cum nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, piv txwv li, thaum koj tsis nyob ze tej sov-blooded tsiaj. Siab mus rau tswvyim hais ua dabneeg hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj lub neej pab txhawb nqa lawv yuav tsum heev dua lwm yam tshiab cov ntshav kub. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb.
Tseem ceeb heev functions ntawm yoov tshaj cum tshwm sim los ntawm Tej zaum mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj. Yog hais tias lub caij ntuj no twb thaum ntxov, cov thawj neeg sawv cev ntawm lub hom yuav tshwm sim txawm nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub hlis sij hawm yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm ob peb tiam - vim hais tias lub neej voj voog ntawm ib tug yoov tshaj cum yog 19 hnub rau cov txivneej thiab cov 40 - maum. Cov yoov tshaj cum noj tag nrho lub sij hawm no?
Oddly txaus, tab sis nectar thiab tsob nroj juices. Yog, cov yoov tshaj cum tsis nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej ib tug txhoj puab heev mus ob peb vas rau sov-blooded creatures. Lawv yuav nyob lawv lub neej rau ib tug neeg tsis noj nqaij noj. Thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no yog lo lus teb rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi rau noj yoov tshaj cum caug. Cov txiv tsis txhob haus cov ntshav - nws tsis yog tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov kev loj hlob.
Qhov twg tuaj lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm lub bloodsucking, tshaib plab thiab ntshaw, yog tias tag nrho cov uas noj yoov tshaj cum, heev innocuous nyob rau hauv tsos? Lub fact tias cov protein nyob rau hauv cov ntshav tsiaj, cov poj niam raug yoov tshaj cum xav tau kev pab. Ib hom ntawm cov protein uas pab nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub qe ntawm tes, lwm yam - nyob rau hauv lub tu tub tu kiv ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv. Yog li, tus poj niam yoov tshaj cum haus ntshav los muab tag nrho noj qab nyob zoo cov me nyuam, thiab tsis los siav kev tshaib kev nqhis. Cov tib tus qauv cai nyob rau hauv ob peb lwm hom kab - yoov, piv txwv li. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tsis tsuas yog tib neeg cov ntshav yog tau pib lub tsev me nyuam dab nyob rau hauv yoov tshaj cum. Lawv yog cov heev nqi raws li cov ntshav ntawm lwm yam tsiaj zoo li raws li ntses, cov tsiaj reptiles thiab amphibians.
Tam sim no uas koj paub tias dab tsi mus noj yoov tshaj cum yuav los ua ib tug kev txhawj xeeb rau lawv cov tsos nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev muaj tsawg tsis zoo. Nco ntsoov, txawm li cas los, tias txawm lub seeming harmlessness ntawm yoov tshaj cum yog muaj ntawm yus cov kab mob - kis tau malaria, yellow fever, heartworm thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yoov tshaj cum tom yuav ua kom ua xua tau rau cov neeg uas yog nws mus rau nws.