Kremlin puas thiab excursions. Txheej txheem cej luam thiab cov lag luam ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin puas

Tsev khaws puav pheej-Khaws cia "Lub Moscow Kremlin" twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1991 nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus uas twb muaj lub xeev ntawm cov Kremlin puas. Qhov yuav tsum tau muab disparate kev cai cov chaw yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, tab sis tus tshiab uas muaj lub project yog tsis tau tso cai rau siv li ib txwm tswvyim ntawm kev koom ua ke - kev npaj rau lub convergence ntawm yaam kws ntawm architecture tau noj ob peb lub xyoo. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug tshiab thiab cim tsev cia puav pheej yog tsim los ntawm lub Kremlin. Moscow, lub peev, ib tug metropolis ntawm lub ntiaj teb teev, tau lwm grand exhibition complex.

chaw nyob

Tom qab ib tug series ntawm kev tshawb fawb loj tshaj plaws architectural khaub ncaws ntau ntawm Russia tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej-cia. Nyob rau hauv 2001, tus thawj coj General ntawm lub Association ntawm puas tau ua Elena Yurevna Gagarina, tus ntxhais ntawm lub legendary cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Tsev khaws puav pheej-Khaws cia "Lub Moscow Kremlin" tau dabneeg yeej ib txwm tau qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab tsars, thiab tom qab ntawd - cov thawj tswj hwm. Tam sim no, vaj tse cov tiaj tus nqi thiab cov Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia Vladimira Vladimirovicha Putina.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Kremlin

Yees thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub Kremlin tau ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th lig, thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm architectural lug nyob tsis pub dhau lub perimeter ntawm lub Kremlin. Niaj hnub no, cov cim Tsev khaws puav pheej-Khaws cia "Lub Kremlin" xws li muaj peb cathedrals: Assumption, Annunciation thiab thawj tubtxib saum ntuj. Lawv tag nrho cov muaj ib tug tseem ceeb keeb kwm muaj nqis. Cov khaub ncaws ntau kuj muaj xws li lwm yam puas ntawm cov Kremlin Armory, lub Koom Txoos ntawm cov Deposition ntawm lub Robe, Ivan lub Great Tswb, Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Kaum Ob tug Thwj Tim. Nyob rau hauv qis theem ntawm lub Annunciation Cathedral ntawm lub exposition nyob rau hauv kom meej qhia lub ntsiab ntawm lub Kremlin archeology. Lub tsev ceev teej tug zoo sawv cev yuav luag tag nrho cov lwm yam ntawm cov kos duab, nyob rau hauv cov zaubmov, reflecting kev lig kev cai ntawm lub muaj koob muaj npe lub tsev hais plaub thiab lub siab txiv plig. Txhua lub tsev kawm - nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb tsev architecture, reflecting era ntawm yav dhau los lub sij hawm. Lub interiors ntawm ancient architectural masterpieces impress nrog lawv splendor, povhaum qhua dua style ntawm lub 16th thiab 17th centuries, raws li zoo raws li lub nruab nrab-xyoo pua puv 19.

chaw

Moscow Kremlin, uas lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog tsis tsuas cov rooj zaum ntawm lub rarest teev, tab sis lawv lawv tus kheej yog kev cai monuments, yog nyob rau hauv lub patronage ntawm UNESCO, lub siab dua qhov kev ruaj ntseg cov koom haum. Tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm lub ntsiab tsev cia puav pheej complex nyob rau hauv Moscow yog tawg tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, rau lub xyoo los ntawm Borovitskie rooj vag thiab Spasskaya pej thuam nyob rau Red Square yog ntau tshaj li ob lab tourists los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no. Cov neeg txaus siab nyob rau hauv ancient Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai tsis muaj zog, cov neeg tuaj saib rau lub tsev so - zoo-kawm ntawm cov uas txaus siab los tham txog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin, raws li zoo raws li lub muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg thiab nws cov entourage.

muaj koob muaj npe carriage

Lub ntsiab Txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Kremlin tib xam tau tias yog Lub Armory, uas pib rau tag nrho cov tours nyob rau nkag mus rau lub Kremlin los ntawm cov Borovitskaya pej thuam. Moscow Kremlin, puas uas nws yuav teev cia yog ntau yam, muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb sau los ntawm phab xis, uas mus tawm ntawm lub muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws nom tswv cajceg, mus rau huab tais, advisers thiab nobles. Raug yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam yooj yim mus rub daim txiag ib tug multi carriage. Tej convertible Catherine uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub chaise nyob deb, thiab stroller Nyiaj Txiag sawv tom ntej no mus ob pab pawg rau ib tug yav tsaus ntuj taug kev ua si.

A chav yog tshwj tseg rau cov khaub ncaws uas yog fashionable thaum lub sij hawm, ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov muaj koob muaj npe headgear, studded nrog precious pob zeb, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog sable plaub. Lub ntsiab sau - lub Cap ntawm Monomakh nplua nuj fringe trimmed nrog emeralds thiab rubies. Nyob rau hauv lub chav tom ntej yog ib tug sau ntawm "Easter qe Faberge". Lub tsev hais plaub goldsmith Carl Faberge thiab nws pab tsim ib tug series ntawm masterpieces ntawm lub jeweller tus duab, uas ua ib tug kev exposition. Lub ntsiab sau yog ib tug sau ntawm Faberge Easter qe "Lub Moscow Kremlin". Qhov no yog qhov stylized daim duab ntawm lub ob nto moo tshaj plaws yees ntawm lub Kremlin - tus Cawm Seej thiab Vodovzvodnaya.

Yees nrum bronze hlau, kub thiab nyiaj. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog pov tseg ncaj qha "easter qe", hauv uas lub jeweller muab tso rau sab hauv Assumption tsev teev ntuj. Saib tej yam me me icons rau lub iconostasis tyablovom tau los ntawm saib ntawm lub arched qhov rais. Qhov no masterpiece ntawm lub jeweller neeg lub yog nto moo rau qhov tseeb hais tias nws yeej tsis tshuav tus ciam teb ntawm Russia, txawm hais tias txawv teb chaws exhibition tuam txhab uas muag yuav xav txog nws ib tug yawm yog hais tias tsuas rau lub sij hawm kom muaj xws li nws nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev txhais Vajluskub. Ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom ntawm tus naas ej jeweller rests on ib tug hnyav lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug tib daim onyx.

bombard

Qhib-huab cua sawv ib lub npe nrov tshaj teev ntawm Moscow Kremlin, Tsar Cannon, cim cannon, cam khwb nyob rau hauv bronze tswv Andreem Chohovym nyob rau hauv 1586. Cov phom yog dej num raws li "bombard", thiab cov tshiab kev faib yog lub mortar. Txhua tus tub ntxhais nyhav txog 2 tons, ib lub cheeb ntawm lub thoob ntawm rab phom - 890 hli, nyhav huab tais-phom 42 tons. Firing mortar tsuas raws, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom koj them, koj yuav tau ua kom zoo kawg li kev siv zog.

A masterpiece ntawm cam khwb cia hlau

Lwm grand sau - nws yog ib lub Tsar Tswb. Nyob rau hauv 1730, nyob rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Anny Ioannovny, ua hauj lwm pib rau lub casting ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws tswb nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm foundry ua lag ua luam. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv succession, leej txiv thiab tus tub Matorina. Thaum lub sij hawm npaj ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub senior Matorin tuag, thiab tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua tus tub. Nyob rau hauv 1735 txhua yam yog npaj txhij rau lub filling txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv rau smelters hau bronze molding qhov twb npaj txais lub molten hlau. Npaj tswb tiv kev txom nyem 200 tons thiab nws qhov siab yog 6.3 meters. Txawm li cas los tswb puas thaum lub sij hawm tua hluav taws, vim kub hloov lub hlau tau tawg thiab tsoo by luj loj loj piece. Yog li, lub grandiose qauv tau ceased mus nyob ua ib ke raws li ib tug lub tsev teev ntuj tswb rau lub belfry thiab tau los ua ib tug tsev cia puav pheej piece. Moscow Kremlin, puas uas muaj tsis tu ncua tshiab nrog tshiab rarities, tau ua ib tug Haven rau nws Tsar Tswb.

assumption Cathedral

Ib qho ntawm thawj dawb pob zeb churches ntawm Moscow, Cathedral ntawm lub Assumption, ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th lig los ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse Aristotle Fioravanti. Xya xyoo tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug zoo-paub icon neeg pleev kob Dionysius tau pib painting cov phab ntsa hauv lub tuam tsev. Ua hauj lwm txuas ntxiv kom txog thaum 1515. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th Cathedral ntawm lub Assumption twb pleev xim rau saum, tab sis cov laus frescoes tau cov fwm thiab yog nyob deb ntawm cov feem ntau ancient icon-painting qauv nyob rau tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub Kremlin.

Lub Assumption Cathedral yog ib tug loj heev necropolis nyob rau hauv uas pw qhov seem ntawm tus tsam ntawm Kiev, Moscow thiab cuaj Patriarch ntawm Moscow, uas tuag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th.

Cathedral ntawm tus Annunciation

Lub tuam tsev yog nyob rau ntawm Cathedral Square nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Kremlin. Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv 1489 nyob rau hauv ancient dawb-pob zeb hauv qab daus, sab laug tshaj los ntawm cov laus lub tsev teev ntuj. Nyob rau hauv 1547 lub tsev teev ntuj twb heev puas los ntawm hluav taws thiab rebuilt xwb nyob rau hauv 1564, nrog rau cov architects los tsim kom tau nyob rau hauv ob peb tshooj los ntawm thaj chapels. Nyob rau hauv 1572, lub tsev teev ntuj los ua ib tug thiaj li hu ua Grozny Qab khav yog phab. Lub iconostasis muaj ob kab ntawm icons, "Deesis" thiab "nyiaj so koobtsheej" los ntawm Andrei Rublev thiab Feofana Greka. Nyob rau qab khav yog phab muaj yog ib daim duab ntawm lub Greek philosophers: Aristotle, Homer, Anaxagoras, Plutarch, Ptolemy. Lub sab qaum teb rooj vag dai kom zoo nkauj nrog bas-reliefs ntawm ancient Roman prophetesses sibyls. Pw ua ke cathedral yog ua los ntawm jade daim hlau.

Kom txog thaum lub 18th caug xyoo, lub tuam tsev yog siv raws li ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Moscow tsars. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm Petersburg dominance Annunciation tuam tsev yog ib tug sawv cev protopresviterianstva.

Cathedral ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj

Tsib-domed tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub yim chapels tau ua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 16th caug xyoo. Lub sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj twb tag lawm tsuas 150 xyoo tom qab ntawd, los ntawm lub dag zog ntawm painters Fedora Zubova, Stepan Ryazantsev, Iosifa Vladimirova. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau sab hauv nyob tyablovy ntoo iconostasis, pleev xim rau kub. Nws qhov siab yog 13 meters.

Thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Cathedral yog nto moo rau tus loj heev necropolis, uas muaj xws li 54 burial, ntawm lawv - Dawb Huv thaj neeb ntawm tub huabtais Dmitry Ivanovich thiab Chernigovskogo Mihaila. Necropolis kuj muaj 46 tombstones nrog ornaments thiab pam tuag housings ntawm bronze. Nyob rau hauv 1928, nyob rau hauv lub qab daus chamber ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm qhov seem ntawm tus Romanov cov poj niam thiab Rurik tau kis, uas yav tas los so nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Ascension Monastery.

Kremlin puas, cov kev khiav hauj lwm hom

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws exhibition chaw ntawm Russia ua hauj lwm thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Hauv qab no yog cov sij hawm txhua hnub ntawm miv, muaj nyob rau hauv lub "Kremlin" tsev cia puav pheej. Qhib sij hawm ntawm qhov tsev cia puav pheej sectors yog faib raws li nram no:

Tag nrho cov tsev khaws puav pheej cov chav yog qhib los ntawm 10 teev sawv ntxov mus rau 17 teev tsaus ntuj txhua txhua hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov lub sij hawm - los ntawm 10 mus rau 18 teev.

Thursday - ib hnub twg.

Daim pib chaw ua hauj lwm yog qhib txhua txhua hnub (tsuas yog Thursdays) los ntawm 9:30 mus 16:30, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov - mus txog rau 17 teev. Daim pib yuav yuav nyob rau hauv lub Alexander vaj, lub metro chaw nres tsheb "Lenin Library".

"Armory" Lub tsev cia puav pheej yog qhib rau cov kev cai zaug: 10.00, 12.00, 14,30, 16,30. Daim pib no yog muag nyob rau ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm 45 feeb ua ntej qhov kev sib kho.

Lub exhibition "Antiquities ntawm lub Kremlin", nyob rau hauv lub Annunciation Cathedral yog qhib txhua txhua hnub (tsuas yog Thursday): coj tours ntawm 10,15, 11,15, 12,15, 13,15, 14,15, 15,15, 16,15.

Cov nqi pib rau nkag mus rau lub Cathedral Square - 350 rubles rau cov neeg laus, 150 rubles rau menyuam kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau cov hnub caiv thiab hnub so muaj tsev neeg daim pib yog raws li nyob rau hauv ob cov neeg laus thiab ob tug me nyuam. Tus nqi ntawm ib tug pib - 100 rubles.

Nqi pib thaum lub Armory - 700 rubles rau cov neeg laus thiab 200 rubles rau pensioners, menyuam kawm ntawv thiab schoolchildren.

Souvenirs thiab postcards

Kremlin puas, miv, kos duab exhibitions, thematic qhia thiab lwm yam txheej xwm yog raug mus rau lub system, kev sau tshaj lub xyoo. Txhua tus qhua rau lub Kremlin greeted li ib tug phooj qhua, kom ntseeg tau hais tias nws muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov tswv yim. Phau ntawv, layout, souvenirs, phaib - tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau hauv tej nuj nqis. Moscow Kremlin, puas uas yog ntawm kev txaus siab los ntawm cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, tseem yuav tau txais cov neeg tuaj saib.