Klement Gottwald - Czechoslovak Stalin

Klement Gottwald, yog ib tus thawj Czechoslovak communist politicians. Nws kuj tau mus xyuas cov neeg sab nrauv tus thawj coj thiab prime minister, thiab cov thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub teb chaws no. Rau ib tug thaum muaj txawm tias ib tug cult ntawm Gottwald thiab nws lub cev twb embalmed thiab thawj los ua qhov kev kawm ntawm pej xeem cov zaub nyob rau hauv ib tug mausoleum. Nws lub npe yog lub npe tis rau hauv lub nroog thiab txoj kev tsis tsuas yog nyob rau lub tsev tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sixties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nws lub npe hu ua lub Czechoslovak Stalin. Cia wb mus saib lub biography ntawm txoj cai no.

Tiav hluas thiab thawj kauj ruam raws li cov thawj coj

Klement Gottwald yug nyob rau hauv 1896 nyob rau hauv lub Austro-Hungarian nroog Wischau (nws yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Czech koom pheej thiab hu ua Deditse). Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg pluag tsev neeg, uas tau yeej tsis tau sib yuav. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, lub neej tom ntej politician ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug foreman on liab ntoo, kawm nyob rau hauv Vienna. Nyob rau hauv 1912 nws tuaj koom lub Social ywj pheej tog. Nws twb nais tau sau tseg rau hauv lub Austro-Hungarian pab tub rog thaum lub sij hawm thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog, tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv 1921, nws tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm lub Communist Party thiab pab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nws cov ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv Bratislava.

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Careers ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Czechoslovakia pib sai mus mus txog rau lub nruab nrab-twenties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1925 nws tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub Central Committee ntawm lub tog, thiab nyob rau hauv 1929 nws tau los ua Secretary-General. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo Gottwald delegate mus rau lub teb chaws los ua ke ntawm Czechoslovakia li ib tug MP. Nyob rau hauv 1935 nws tau ua secretary ntawm lub Comintern thiab tawm hauv lub post tsuas yog tom qab dissolution ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg no nyob rau hauv 1943. Tom qab lub Munich Daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv 1938 Klement Gottwald tau mus rau lub Soviet Union, nyob qhov twg nws tau siv lub tom ntej xya xyoo nyob rau hauv exile nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb. Los yeej muaj, nws pib ua lub communist kuj nyob rau hauv Czechoslovakia.

Politician Klement Gottwald: ib tug biography ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv

Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1945, Eduard Benes, lub pre-tsov rog tus thawj tswj hwm thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub tsoom fwv-nyob rau hauv-exile nyob rau hauv London txij li thaum 1941, pom zoo mus ua ib lub teb chaws pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog cov Communist. Gottwald thaum no deal mus rau tus ncej ntawm deputy prime minister. Raws li rau tog tej xwm txheej, nws muab tus ncej ntawm General Secretary Rudolf Slansky, thiab nws coj ib tug tshiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm Chairman.

Nyob rau hauv 1946 kev xaiv tsa nws coj nws nom tswv quab yuam nyob rau hauv parliament nrog peb caug yim feem pua ntawm lub pov npav. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Communist Czechoslovakia. Tab sis los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1947 tus muaj koob meej ntawm no tog pib poob sai heev, thiab muaj ntau yam observers xav hais tias Gottwald yuav poob nws txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ltalis thiab Fabkis pib yuam cov Communist los ntawm lub Coalition tsoom fwv, thiab Iosif Stalin qhia Gottwald ua dab tsi nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv hwj chim tsuas yog ib qho kev quab yuam. Tag nrho cov thaum, ib tug politician ua piv txwv mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws twb npaj ib conspiracy. Qhov kev ua si yog tshaj nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1948, thaum lub txee ntawm Ministers kom lub sab hauv Minister Nosek Vaslav tsis txhob noj nyob rau hauv hwj chim lug xwb Communist. Nws tsis kam nrog kev pab los ntawm Gottwald. Ces lub 12 tsoom fwv nom tswv resigned. Gottwald hem ib tug dav tawm tsam coj qhov chaw nyob rau lawv Communist. Benes sim rau thaum nws, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kev hem thawj ntawm Soviet ntxeem tau surrendered. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv Klement Gottwald nws los ua tus haib tshaj tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv Czechoslovakia.

Lub sab saum toj ntawm lub hwj chim

Tej zaum 9, 1948 lub National Assembly txais ib tug tshiab Constitution ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws yog li ntawd procommunist uas Beneš tsis kam kos npe rau nws. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj, nws resigned ib tug ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd Gottwald raug xaiv tus thawj tswj hwm. Chiv, tus thawj coj tshiab ntawm lub teb chaws sim kom muaj ib tug quasi-ywj siab txoj cai, tab sis tom qab lub rooj sib tham nrog Stalin dheev hloov cov hoob kawm. Klement Gottwald, uas pib los sau duab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm Czechoslovakia, nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm tag nrho lub teb chaws nationalized kev lag luam thiab collectivized ua liaj ua teb tag nrho. Tus tsoom fwv pib ib tug muaj zog kuj mus xws li ib tug hloov. Ces Gottwald pib rau kev tu. Ua ntej, nws txo nws hwj nws tawm ntawm tsoom fwv thiab ntes tag nrho cov neeg uas tsis tau yuav mus rau cov Communist, thiab ces nws tus kheej tog, leej twg tsis pom zoo nrog nws. Cov neeg raug ntawm cov purges pib Rudolf Slansky thiab Txawv Teb Chaws Minister Vlado Clementis (txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv 1952), raws li zoo raws li pua pua ntawm lwm cov neeg uas raug tua los yog muab pov tseg nyob rau hauv tsev kaw neeg. Czech txawj sau ntawv Milan Kundera , nyob rau hauv nws "Phau Ntawv Tis thiab oblivion" qhia txog ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog cov yam ntxwv rau ib tug thawj coj ntawm cov Stalinist hom, raws li ib tug politician Klement Gottwald. Duab nws nyob Lub ob hlis ntuj 21, 1948 qhia tau hais tias Thawj Tswj Hwm sawv tom ntej no mus Vlado Clementis. Thaum ob xyoos tom qab tiv thaiv cov tom qab them nrog treason, cov duab ntawm lub qub minister raug tua los ntawm lub xeev propaganda.

Tuag. Czechoslovakia tom qab Gottwald

Rau ob peb lub xyoo, kev cai tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tus kab mob plawv. Ob peb hnub tom qab mus kawm Stalin lub ntees nyob rau hauv 1953 nws poob mob. Nws tuag Lub peb hlis ntuj 14, 1956, thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsib caug-rau xyoo. Nws embalmed lub cev twb muab tso rau hauv ib lub mausoleum, thiab pib lub cult ntawm nws tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Tab sis rau xyoo tom qab, nws twb cremated thiab reburied nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw lub hleb. Lawv hais tias lub cev pib decompose, vim hais tias zaum tau miscalculated nyob tus yeees ntawm embalming. Thiab tom qab qhov kawg ntawm communism nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm nws tshauv nrog cov seem ntawm nees nkaum lwm tog cov thawj coj reburied nyob rau hauv ib qho ntxa nyob rau Prague tojntxas Olshany. Nyob rau hauv lub lig eighties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua yog ib qho los mus sau ib daim duab ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub Czech bank sau ntawv, tab sis nws twb ntaus nqi li ntawd, tsis zoo, hais tias tag nrho cov ntawm cov nqi tau raug rho tawm los ntawm kev siv.