Tsim, Secondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv
Kev kawm ntawv, ntau yam, cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lysosomes
Peb tsab xov xwm peb xav devote rau lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lysosomes. Peb muaj ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws saib qhov kev kawm los ntawm ces kaum sib txawv, xws li qhov xwm ntawm tus tsim ntawm cov lug, lawv hom, yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab ntau lwm yam teeb meem.
Ua ntej xav tias yuav li cas yuav muab cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lysosomes, kuv xav kom meej ib co lus. Tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob uas koos peb, yog li ntawm cob hais, hlwb. Lawv yuav tsum tau pom xwb nrog ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Tab sis lub cell - yog ib tug ua kom tiav system muaj me me, uas yog hu ua organelles. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib tug ntawm lawv.
Lysosome: yog dab tsi?
Yuav ua li cas yog cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lysosomes? Qhov no organelle me me ntau thiab tsawg pab, li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub tawb ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, ib co algae hlwb muaj xwb 1 los yog 2 lysosomes uas nws qhov ntev yog ntau dua li ib txwm (txog 0.2 microns). Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov lysosomes yuav muab faib ua peb pawg:
- thawj;
- theem nrab;
- residual hlwb.
Thaum peb xav txog qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lysosomes, qhov ntxiv los ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm nws yuav ntshiab yog vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau cov hom thiab yog dab tsi tseem ceeb rau ntawm tes ua si. Nws yog tsuas ib qho tseem ceeb rau ntxiv tias thawj lysosomes mus rau theem nrab, tab sis qhov rov qab tus txheej txheem yog tsis tau.
Tus qauv ntawm lysosomes
Yuav ua li cas yog cov lysosomes, tus qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi? Lub rooj yuav pab kom peb nrog dab tsi yog sab hauv organelles. Organelles muaj ntau tshaj li 50 txawv protein enzymes. Lysosome nws tus kheej uas tau kev pab los ntawm ib tug nyias daim nyias nyias uas cais lub bioactive neeg sawv cev ntawm lub puab cell tej kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj no peb tuaj lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws enzymes thiab piav qhia txog lawv cov kev khiav dej num.
enzyme | nqi |
esterase | Yuav tsum tau mus zom cawv ether. |
peptide hydrolase | Yuav tsum tau rau lub hydrolysis ntawm tebchaw muaj ib tug peptide daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov nqaijrog, peptides thiab ib co lwm yam. |
nuclease | Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm enzymes accelerates tus hydrolysis ntawm phosphodiester bonds nyob rau hauv lub polynucleotide saw nucleic acids. Yog li tsim mono - thiab oligonucleotides. |
glucosidase | Cov enzymes ntawm no pab pawg neeg muab ib tug txheej txheem ntawm splitting carbohydrates. |
hydrolase | Lawv yog siv rau cov hydrolysis ntawm amides. |
Cov tsim ntawm lysosomes
Yog li ntawd peb paub dab tsi lub lysosomes, cov qauv thiab cov kev ua (luv luv) uas peb xav luv luv nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Peb twb hais tias cov organelles raug muab faib ua peb pawg (cov thawj, nrab thiab residual hlwb). Cov thawj pab pawg neeg yog tsim los ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm lub Golgi apparatus, lawv nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam no yog yooj yim meej pem nrog me me vacuoles. Lysosomes yog organelles hauj lwm ua ke thiab tsim ib tug ntau cov qauv thiab ntau thiab tsawg.
Yog hais tias cov thawj lysosome captures tej yam khoom uas, ces tus cell pib cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom. Organelle uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cleaving lub compound los ntawm enzymes, twb yog mus rau lub qeb ntawm ob lysosomes. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tej peev xwm yuav tsim kev zom compacted residual hlwb (qhov no yog tus thib peb theem ntawm lub neej voj voog ntawm lysosomes).
muaj nuj nqi ntawm organelles
Peb rov los xyuas dua lub hom lysosomes, cov qauv thiab cov kev khiav dej num (saib cov lus) - nws yog peb tom ntej no lo lus nug. Peb txiav txim siab los siv lub meej tshaj plaws thiab to taub daim ntawv no, piv txwv li lub rooj.
muaj nuj nqi | feature |
intracellular plab zom mov | Lysosomes muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm enzymes uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cleaving tej tebchaw los ntawm hydrolysis. Thiab intracellular zom cov zaub mov no tshwm sim. Tshuaj tau mus rau hauv lub lysosomes thiab ua rau tsim ib tug tsis tshua muaj molecular yuag tebchaw, uas ces siv lub cell rau nws tus kheej xav tau kev pab. |
autophagy | Qhov no yuav tshem tawm ruaj los yog laus cell organelles. Autophagy - ib txoj kev los mus hloov cov cell organelles. |
autolysis | Nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau hu ua nws tus kheej puas tsuaj ntawm lub hlwb. Thaum cov daim nyias nyias ntawm lysosomes hlwb puas lawm, lub tom kawg hnub. |
xaus
Peb tau kawm, dab tsi yog qhov lysosomes. Nta ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev khiav dej num (saib cov lus) tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv xaus Kuv xav hais tias nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv organelles zaum muaj ib txhia kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj lub npe hu raws roj ntsha cov kab mob, kev cob cog rua nrog ua txhaum ntawm kev khiav dej num ua lysosomes. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm pathologies xws li mucopolysaccharidoses, sfingolipidozy, glikoproteinozy thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.
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