Kamchatka Shiveluch roob hluav taws: cov lus qhia yooj yim

Shiveluch yog lub northernmost active roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv Kamchatka, thiab ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ceg av qab teb. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog tsib caug mais. Nws muaj ob qhov chaw - Qub thiab cov Me Nyuam Hluas.

Qhov ntev ntawm cov laus lub roob hluav taws

Lub qub Camchatka Shiveluch roob hluav taws yog ib lub stratovolcano. Nws yog tsim los ntawm coarse clastic khoom, uas yog interbedded nrog lava. Lub qauv no yog crowned los ntawm ib tug loj caldera, nws lub cheeb yog cuaj kaum. Nws qhov kev coj tau zoo heev tshwj xeeb, lawv qhov siab txawv ntawm 175,000 meters mus rau ib qho thiab ib nrab ntawm kis ib ncig ntawm lub ntsiab ncov loj. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws tsim los ntawm lub siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb, ntau tshaj li rau caum cubic kilometers ntawm pyroclastic cov ntaub ntawv, kis tshaj ib tug loj cheeb tsam, raug pov tseg tawm: nws ncav cuag lub riverbed ntawm Kamchatka River thiab txawm ntxiv.

Qhov ntev ntawm ib tug me me volcano

Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm no caldera, los ze zog mus rau sab qaum teb-western ntug ntawm nws yog lub volcano Shiveluch. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ob peb lub cub tawg ua ke (Ob Chav, Suelich, Nruab Nrab thiab lwm tus) nrog cov dej ntws tsis tseem ceeb, uas muaj qhov ncauj thiab andesitocytic muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm no tsim yog xya mais. Nyob rau hauv 1964 muaj ib tug volcanic uas Sheveluch, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm muaj zog explosions, cov ncaws tau yuav luag tag pov tseg, thiab ib tug lossis loj muab ob npaug rau kev ua qab yias twb tsim nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw. Nws kab yog 1.7 kis las rau sab qaum teb thiab 2 kis lus mev rau yav qab teb ib feem. Raws li kev tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom tau muab pov tseg tawm ntawm lub plab pob ntseg, uas tau tso rau ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm yav qab teb nrog lub nruas cloak, nws cov tuab ntawm ib txog rau tsib caug meters. Cov chaw pabcuam tau ntau tshaj li ib puas xwmfab npav, thiab qhov ntim - ib thiab ib nrab cubic kilometers. Xyoo 1980 muaj dua tshiab dome pib tsim rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog sab qaum teb, uas muaj qhov ncauj. Qhov kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev kawm no tseem yog peb lub sijhawm. Nws yog nrog los ntawm ntau yam tawg loj heev. Qhov feem ntau lub dome squeezing tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1993. Tom qab ntawd nws nyob hauv yuav luag txhua thaj chaw ntawm kev ua tsov ua qaum teb.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub roob hluav taws

Tsis muaj limiting tus foregoing qauv, lub roob hluav taws Sheveluch ntaus nqi mus rau volcanic lug chav kawm ntawv Somma-Vesuvius. Qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws kev tsim kho ntawm hom no. Lub hauv paus thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub roob hluav taws, raws li geologists, tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm Upper Pleistocene, txog xya caum txhiab xyoo dhau los. Qhov loj heev ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim nrog ib lub caij nyoog ntawm ib puas peb puas xyoo. Qhov kawg ntawm no tau pom nyob rau hauv 1854 thiab xyoo 1964, uas yog, lub interval yog 110 xyoo. Nruab nrab lub zog thiab tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntau zaus, feem ntau lawv tau nrog los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm extrusive ncaws. Qhov no yog pom ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no.

Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav: qhov twg yog lub Shiveluch roob hluav taws?

Los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom muag, cov feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog, qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem, qhov ntuj tsim no yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm Kamchatka, thiab cov Kurile Islands tuaj. Qhov dej num qub no yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws hauv cov ceg av qab teb. Shiveluch nyob hauv yim ciav hlau mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub roob hluav taws Klyuchevsky. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub Kamchatka dej, nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm kev ncab rau dozens ntawm kilometers ntawm lowlands, them nrog swamps. Yog hais tias tus artist lub hom phiaj yog mus rau depict ib tug vicious qub txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm ib yam khoom ntuj, tus npau npau laus laus, ces rau qhov ib tug yuav tsum coj lub Shiveluch roob hluav taws. Qhov no yog ib yam khoom zoo kawg nkaus, muaj ntau hom kab sib txawv thiab muaj hnub nyoog, muaj zog los ntawm cov hlais, cov nplej thiab kab ntsig uas muaj ntau txhiab xyoo, tseem muaj kev ncua ntev mus nrog rau kev puas tsuaj loj uas ua rau tag nrho lub neej puas ntsoog.

Txoj kev ua

Tom qab kev tsim ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub roob hluav taws los ntawm kev tsis sib haum thiab kev tawg nyob rau hauv nws sab qaum teb, ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm caldera raug tsim. Sab hauv, ib lub khob tub ntxhais hluas tshwm. Tom qab nyob rau hauv thawj caldera lwm caldera-crater loj hlob. Nws rhuav tshem ib feem ntawm cov ntxhais hluas. Nov nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, raws li qhov feem ntau tsis paub meej, thiab pib tshwm sim tom ntej tom qab tawg. Ib feem ntawm lub hnub nyoog ancient uas tau dim ntawm hnub no yog hu ua "Home Vertex", nws yog qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv geological. Thiab tus hluas nkauj hu ua "Crater Vertex". Qhov siab ntawm lub roob hluav taws Seem nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws yog 3335 meters, thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas - 2700 meters.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tuag

Lub qhov hluav taws xob ntawm volcano Shiveluch nyob rau hauv Kamchatka yog heev. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, emissions tau tshwm sim xyoo 1925, 1944, 1950, thiab 1964. Lub xeem kawg tau luv luv nyob, tab sis muaj zog heev. Vim li ntawd, huab huab tau tsa mus rau kaum tsib-mais siab thiab tsiv mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv. Nws cov tuab tau tas li txiav kev ci ntsa iab. Tag nrho cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub roob hluav taws, mus rau Ust-Kamchatka thiab txawm tias ntxiv, plunged rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Ib qho loj heev ntawm qhov tshuab pob zeb tau raug pov tseg nyob rau ntawm 15-mais deb, nws them rau hauv av nrog ib txheej tuab, uas nyob rau qee qhov chaw tau los ntawm ob peb mus txog kaum ntawm metres. Tag nrho cov nroj tsuag thiab hav zoov tau raug faus, lossis raug kub hnyiab, tag nrho tej yam uas tsis tuaj yeem khiav ua ntej lossis ya tawm, raug ploj mus. Nws paub tias ntau lub noog thiab tsiaj txhu yuav pom txog kev ua rau av qeeg thiab kev tawg ntawm cov volcanoes: nkag tawm ntawm lawv cov burrows, pib qhia kev txhawj xeeb, nrhiav kev tawm ntawm thaj chaw. Yog li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Shiveluch roob hluav taws nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj 1964 ua ntej los ntawm cov seismic shocks uas pib ib lub hlis ua ntej cov pa taws lawv tus kheej. Nrog txhua hnub dhau lawv qhov kev siv ntau zog. Thiab ob hnub ua ntej kev tawg, muaj pes tsawg leej tshaj li ib puas hnub. Cov tsiaj txhu li cas thaum lub sijhawm no?

Los ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm cov laus-timers

Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw yos hav zoov AM Chudinov (thaum nws yog kaum cuaj xyoo) qhia. Ob los yog peb hnub ua ntej qhov kev tawg, ib tug yuav pom ib qho loj heev thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov hla kev ntawm lub bears ntawm sab laug bank ntawm tus dej mus rau sab xis ntawm Kamchatka hav. Thiab qhov no txawm tias lub Kaum Ib Hlis tag nrho tag nrho cov tsiaj muaj hibernating, tab sis ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm impending kev puas tsuaj ua rau lawv tawm lawv sov, sov laim thiab mus rau lub tshaib plab thiab txias lub caij ntuj no rau lawv. Txuas tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, xws li cov tsiaj nyeg, hma liab, tau nce hauv lub tuam txhab nyiaj sab xis. Thaj, lawv kuj migrated ntawm Shiveluch.

Tamsim ntawd ua ntej lub sijhawm ntawd, nws pom tau tias pom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv. Yog li, raws li cov dab neeg ntawm cov neeg Keys nyob rau hauv, nyob hauv siab heev tshaj li ntawm lub hiav txwv, nws tau tshwm sim hais tias ib co kev ua dej ntws los ntawm ntu loj, dej khov ntaws ntawm Kurchazhnoe Lake uas nyob ntawm lwm sab ntug dej.

Tom qab qhov kev tsim ntawm 1964, tsuas yog fumarolic kev ua si yog pom nyob rau Shiveluche. Lub roob hluav taws nws tus kheej nyob hauv thaj chaw deb chaw, nws tsis tshua mus xyuas sai.

2014

Nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj 1, 2014, lub volcano Shiveluch ua ib tug muaj zog tshauv tso tawm. Nws qhov siab tau ntau tshaj xya mais. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub plume tau pib kis mus rau sab hnub tuaj mus rau Kamchatka Gulf. Niaj hnub no qhov khoom kwv geological no tau muab ib qho xim txiv kab ntxwv (ib qho ntawm feem ntau txaus ntshai). Nws kev ua si pib nce ntawm 2009, nyob rau lub sij hawm no a cleft ntawm 30 meters tob ua rau saum. Raws li kev loj hlob ntawm seismic kev ua si, kws tshawb fawb tau xaus cov lus xaus hais tias thaum lub sij hawm muaj ib qho "npaj" rau tom ntej no muaj hwj chim loj ntawm Shiveluch.