Heev bullets: lub ntaus ntawv, cov kev siv ntawm kev yos hav zoov thiab cov keeb kwm ntawm creation

Heev txhob siv nyob rau hauv kev tsov kev rog thiab kev yos hav zoov. Txawm tias uas twb muaj lawm kev txwv thov lawv nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, thiab ua rau lawv tus kheej. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj ib tug ntau ntaus ntawv, thiab cov caliber ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum saib xyuas lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub nplaum tawg mos txwv

Los ntawm bursting txhob siv cov feem ntau contradictory ntaub ntawv rau kev siv cov phom thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog. Official qhov chaw uas ntsiag to rau lawv siv, tab sis lub memoir ntaub ntawv tsis zais no. Cov cartridges tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab uas muaj ob sab, tab sis nyob rau hauv tag ntau. Aviation yog lub ntsiab tus neeg ntawm xws li ib tug complex thiab kim khoom.

Hom ntawm cov mos txwv siv tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account tus thawj theem ntawm kev tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1943 cov kws kho mob thooj ntawm cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv questionable txhab tau pom. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau tau tshwm rau cov tub rog. Txij li thaum cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov nplaum tawg cartridges ntsiag to, peb yuav xaus hais tias lawv tuaj nrog phom.

Cia nyias nrog bursting xwb siv mus tua tus yeeb ncuab aircraft nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua thiab yog ua los ntawm kev hloov ntawm ib lub mos txwv nrog ib tug kheej kheej apex. balloons yeej yuav tsum tau siv los ntawm ntau rhiab rau tej yam ntawm tus tsim nrog ib tug primer, sawv ib tug seem ntawm lub sab saum toj, thiab rau txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm check khoom ntawm nws cov hau yog recessed rau hauv lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub saum toj ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv 1916, nrog bursting xwb mos txwv nkag mus hauv kev pab British tub rog.

Action heev bullets

Nrog xws li ib tug plurality ntawm cartridges yog kab uas tsis. Yuav kom to taub li cas cov lus qhia no yeej muaj tseeb, nws yog tsim nyog los paub dab tsi tus dais no yog ib tug heev cov mos txwv. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug plhaub tshuaj ntsiav, ib tug striker fuse thiab heev.

mos txwv yeej yog tiav vim lub fact tias nws lov rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tawg tsam. Yog hais tias lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, tus neeg muaj ib lub caij nyoog ntawm cov ciaj sia taus. Txawm li cas los, cov munitions tau txwv rau kev siv nyob rau hauv lub manpower ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, tab sis qhov no tsis thov nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg muaj ib tug tawm tsam nrog aircraft thiab armored tsheb.

Heev cartridge yog ib tug them nyiaj heev, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib cuag nrog ib qho chaw khuam detonates. Cov munitions yog tsis tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm ntau lawm, tab sis zoo heev. Rau daim ntawv thov ntawm ntau yam pauv loj losses armored tsheb tsis txhob siv cov mos txwv, vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm tsis muaj ib tug txaus them nyiaj rau qhov no. Txawm tias lawv yuav zoo tagnrho rau cov kev siv ntawm cov cua lub hom phaj yeeb ncuab. Heev bullets varied nyob rau hauv lawv tsim, tab sis nyob rau hauv feem ntau muaj tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus.

Ib tug ntau yam ntawm heev bullets rau kev yos hav zoov

Incorrectly hu ua bursting mos txwv nrog cov mos txwv yooj yooj yim emptiness Pem hauv ntej, uas thaum tso tawm rau hauv lub teeb meem mus ua txhaum sib nrug. Qhov no tshwm sim xwb vim hais tias cov mos txwv deformation vim tus quab yuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Nws yuav tsum paub txog qhov sib txawv hom ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub lub npe nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

mos txwv mead

Feem ntau ntawm cov qub yuav tsum tau hu ua tensile lub mos txwv, uas tau yees ua los ntawm mead. Nws muaj ib tug txheej plhaub ua los ntawm cov hlau lead thiab lub puab kheej kheej plhaub ua los ntawm tooj dag. Lub pem hauv ntej nws muaj ib tug liab qab qhov uas muaj percussion muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab tom qab - lub pob ntseg rau tus Tsov tus tw hlua. Tsaug rau nws lub xub ntiag lub mos txwv hits lub hom phiaj noob. Cov khoom tsis muaj ib tug Tsov tus tw yuav siv tau rau rifled tej kas tham. Lawv tsab yuav yog ib qho artillery grenade, uas yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug wick ignites cov hmoov gases.

Frangible bullets yeej zoo lawm

Round bullets tsis tsim nyog saib xyuas rau lawv cov ballistic zog. Cov tsis yog sab hauv, npaj rau heev, muaj ib tug me me volume thiab ho simplifies lub mos txwv. Tej ordnance muaj ib tug sib ntaus txoj kev, thiab loses nws ceev yog sai npaum li cas. Zoo Tsim Nyog nyhuv yuav tsis tau nrog me me ntawm lub nplaum tawg pes tsawg leeg.

elongated mos txwv

Oblong bullets ntau zoo meej. Lawv muaj ib tug tag nrho ntev ntawm 26 hli. Wherein lub zuag qhia tag nrho txoj kab uas hla yog 14.9 hli, tsis muaj dabtsis txoj kab uas hla - 5.5 hli thiab nws tob - 14 hli. 0.2 g nchauv hmoov yog poured mus rau hauv ib tug raj ntawm daim ntawv hlau, uas yog ntxig rau hauv lub cylindrical channel. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub raj yog thawb capsule, ib tug deepening nyob rau hauv lub mos txwv. Yuav kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke thiab tshem tawm cov tau poob, lead dov rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub mos txwv. Cov khoom no yog siv nyob rau hauv rifled phom tsim rau kev yos hav zoov ntawm txaus ntshai tsiaj loj. Rau lawv, nws yog advisable siv heev bullets 12 caliber, li ntawd, lawv yuav tsis ua si loj.

Heev mos txwv Ushakov

Heev mos txwv Ushakov muaj ib tus pin es tsis txhob ntawm hlab. Ntxiv mus, lub tshuaj ntsiav yog mounted rau hauv qab ntawm lub cylindrical channel. Kev sib txhuam tuas rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub pin nyob rau hauv lub plug tawm ntawm cov hlau lead. Yuav kom txo tau qhov rhiab heev, nws yog zog los yog thawb rau ntawm lub tshuaj ntsiav. Yog xav thov cov mos txwv rau tus-bore phom, koj yuav tsum muab cov sib ntaus ntawm cov mos txwv warhead rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov no yuav ua tau los ntawm attaching tus Tsov tus tw ntawm ib tsob ntoo.

Kev siv cov nplaum tawg mos txwv rau kev yos hav zoov

Mus plob hav zoov lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yam ntxwv ntawm cov siv cov mos txwv yog siv ceev xwmphem lub hwj chim thiab laij cov txhaj tshuaj tag. Raws li mis Zhossera, thawj parameter yog sib npaug zos rau cov khoom ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig sectional cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tig tau zog. Qhov no tsis muaj xws li cov mos txwv ntaus ntawv.

Xav tus tsim nta ntawm cov mos txwv rau phom suab rau kev yos hav zoov, nws yog muaj nqis mentioning exploding bullets "Jacques." Lawv nce siv ceev xwmphem lub hwj chim, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm shooting nyob rau hauv lub bushes tsis sufficiently qhib. Rau hnub tim, lawv yog heev yooj yim mus nrhiav tau.

Kom txog rau thaum nyuam qhuav, lub cartridges nrog ib tug zoo xws li cov txiav txim yog tsis muaj rau cov neeg tua tsiaj. Vim li no, cov dawb "niche" nyob "Duplex" cartridges, uas tau ua ib tug novelty rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub domestic kev ua lag luam. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, lawv tau rau ib ntev lub sij hawm pom ib tug zoo sab.

Heev bullets los ntawm lub "Duplex" tsim kom muaj yuav tsum tau indispensable thaum yos hav zoov nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw uas tsis muaj visibility nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov. Yog hais tias tus tsiaj zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv lub siab, koj yuav tam sim ntawd tua muaj txaus. Heev projectile peev xwm immobilize moose, qus npua teb los yog ib tug dais. Xaiv rau nyob twj ywm tus neeg tua tsiaj, uas ib tug yog ib qho zoo rau xaiv cartridges. Heev txhob yuav ntau npaum li cas, tiam sis raug nqi ntau dua.

Heev bullets rau airguns

Muaj ntau cov kiv cua ntawm shooting ntawm pneumatic riam phom nyoog phem heev tsis muaj muag bullets nrog heev cov ntaub ntawv uas. Lawv muaj tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis spectacular kev txhaj tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tiag ua heev mos txwv nrog nws ob txhais tes. Ua ntej kev cia siab npaj txoj kev, uas feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv forums, nws yog tsim nyog los xav hais tias zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm kev kawm txawj thiab kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov mos txwv yog tsis tsim nyog lub hassle. Thaum av uas cia nyias ua nyob rau hauv tsev ntau heev tawm lawv tus Tsov tus tw. Yog li ntawd nws yuav ya ntawm kev kub ceev nyob rau hauv lub xub.

Ntau zaus tag nrho ua heev mos txwv rau airguns 4.5, raws li qhov no me me caliber. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab hais tias lub npaj formulations rau discontinuous pneumatic txhob muaj teeb meem tshuaj tebchaw. Lawv yuav lom tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm. Ua ntej koj yuav ua ib tug txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv rhuav lawv tus kheej txhais tes, yuav tsum xav txog qhov tseeb hais tias cov nyhuv uas cov txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv yuav raug nqi disastrous txim.

Heev mos txwv "dum-dum"

Yog lub npe muab rau expanding cia nyias qhov. Lawv yog tshwj xeeb cov khoom, uas ua rau kom nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla vim nws siv. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum nws tau txais mus muag tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab ces ntau zog nws tua lub hwj chim.

Expansiveness hu ua mos txwv muaj peev xwm ua rau kom cov kab uas hla uas nws muaj keeb xeeb. Lawv ua tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cev tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm yam mos mos ib puag ncig. Rau hnub tim, exploding bullets "dum-dum" yog txwv tsis pub rau siv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog muaj riam phom. Txawm li cas los, lawv yog lug siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev yos hav zoov thiab tiv thaiv tus kheej. Siv yog suav tias yog tsis tsim nyog cia nyias nrog tag nrho cov tub rog-style plhaub.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm rau lub si siv nyob rau hauv cov mos mos mos txwv txhuas tsis muaj tus plhaub nrog ib tug loj caliber. Piv txwv li, nws yuav yog heev mos txwv 12 caliber. Thaum txhaj mus rau hauv lub mos puag ncig lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Yog li, lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm inflicting tseem ceeb raug mob raws li ib tug tsiaj nyaum thiab tus txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, cov tub rog pib tsiv mus nyob rau rab phom nrog ib tug me me caliber.

Cov cartridges yog feem ntau heev yuav tsis tau tiv nrog lub siab tsim smokeless gunpowder nyob rau hauv lub thoob riam phom. Nrog rau qhov no nyob rau hauv lub siab, lub designers pib siv cov khoom, uas muaj ib tug plhaub tshaj tus tub ntxhais ntawm cov hmoov txhuas. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov hlau xws li tooj liab, hlau, tooj dag thiab cupronickel. Cov cartridges nyob rau hauv lub thoob rifling ntseeg tsis muaj los ua nws.

"Dum-dum" exploding bullets tau txwv rau kev siv ntawm cov Hague Convention nyob rau hauv 1899. Qhov no tshaj tawm tau pom zoo thiab kos npe los ntawm kaum tsib lub teb chaws. Kaum ib lub xeev abstained los ntawm kos npe. Ib tug yog vim li cas rau tus me nyuam ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm yog tus tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub mos txwv muaj siab sib ntaus ceev, uas yog vim li cas tsis lawv deb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub mos txwv "dum-dum" tag kev cia siab nrog rau lub grooves nyob rau hauv lub thoob, tw lawv lead. Lwm drawback yog lub deformation ntawm lub cartridge thaum lub sij hawm ntawm ntaub ntawv ntawm lub khw. Qhov no ua rau zoo nyob rau hauv shooting los yog tag nrho tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov riam phom.

Kev siv cov nplaum tawg mos txwv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XXI

Rau hnub tim, cov mos txwv tsis poob nws qhov tseeb, txawm tus uas twb muaj txiav npluav rau cov kev siv ntawm cov tub rog. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua cov paub tab, cov kev txiav txim zoo tshaj yuav yog qhov kev nce rau siv ceev xwmphem hwj chim mos txwv. Nws tsis tus firing ntau yam. Qhov no mob siv pistols thiab mus yos hav zoov phom. Lawv yog cov sib npaug yam nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si rog thiab kev yos hav zoov. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog elongated bullets vozdushki discontinuous.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yog siv, vim hais tias lawv tsis tawm pig kev ua si nrog cov tsiaj uas yuav tsum raug pov rau tsis ua hauj lwm. Ib tug zoo xws li cov zoo tau ua rau lawv nrov rau policing khiav dej num. Qhov no yog piav los ntawm lub siab siv ceev xwmphem lub hwj chim, thiab tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim rau ntaus lub hom phiaj ntshav, uas eliminates tau grazing bystanders.