Greek tsev ua yeeb yam. Keeb kwm ntawm tsev ua yeeb yam

Lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm peb nyob rau hauv lub sawv cev ntawm lub ancient Greeks - nws yog ib lub scene ntawm lub ua yeeb yam, thiab cov neeg - lub lam uas los ntawm saum ntuj ceeb tsheej mus ua si lub luag hauj lwm, thiab ces mus rau hauv oblivion. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm no postulate nrog tej yam tshwm sim thiab cosmology originated lub Greek tsev ua yeeb yam, uas siab qhia txoj kev ntseeg ntawm cov Greeks. Cov thawj lub sij hawm nrug yeej mob siab ntseeg, tiam sis maj mam ua si yog tau txais los ze zog mus rau lub tiag tiag lub neej zoo tib yam tib neeg.

chaw

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub Greek ua yeeb yam yog txuam nrog ib tug kev cai dab qhuas cult ntawm Dionysus, tus vaj tswv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, wine loj hlob, wine siab. Duab kos tau tshwm tau ua nyob rau hauv cov zajlus nplooj siab rau qhov no xilethi-aus qab, thiab twb tau imbued nrog tswm seeb pe hawm tus Vajtswv. Greek tsev ua yeeb yam, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VI BC thiab tam sim ntawd ua ib feem ntawm lub neej ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Athens. Lub chaw yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm nws grandiose siv rau ib tug hillside nyob rau hauv ib tug amphitheatre nruj mus txog 30,000 neeg saib.

Txaus ntshai kawg

Ancient Greek ua yeeb yam tau nthuav rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm ua yeeb yam, muaj ntau heev heev troupes ntawm lam uas ua si tsis tsuas cov ua yeeb yam thiab qee txuam nrog Dionysus. Qhov zoo tragedians ntawm antiquity - Euripides, Aeschylus, Sophocles - sau ua nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Greek zej zog, uas nyiam zoo zoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg tuaj saib nyiam tus comedy ntawm Aristophanes.

Tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm lub ua yeeb yam ntawm ancient Greece yog qhov fab ntxeev ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv tragedies feem ntau reflected myths xwb thiab legends, nyob rau hauv uas cov gods ua raws li invincible formidable quab yuam. ua si heroes tiv thaiv lub inhabitants ntawm lub ceeb tsheej, tuag, tab sis ho muab tsis tau li. Comedy, rau lwm cov tes, twb funny thiab coj qhws ostrosatiricheskoy cim. Lam Greek ua yeeb yam tsis qhia tej yam kev hwm rau cov gods, thiab tej zaum kuj txawm luag thuam lawv. Heroes comedies twb yooj yim neeg, artisans, tub txawj tub ntse, ua hauj lwm, cov tub qhe, housewives.

Theatrical ua yeeb yam no feem ntau yog nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub Great Dionysius. Cov kev ua tau yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug yeej platform rau hauv qab ntawm lub amphitheatre, uas hu ua "orhestra". Muaj tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub hu nkauj ua ke hu nkauj uas twb mus nrog qhov kev txiav txim. Singers tsiv nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog, thiab nrog lawv yog ib tug actor ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm. Chiv, tag nrho cov cwj pwm nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si tau muab rau ib tug tib performer. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sov ua licas sawv tawm los ntawm ib ncig paab chorus tseem, actor coj qhws khau rau siab platform - qhov thiaj li hu ua buskins ua tsaug rau uas nws yuav ntau dua los ntawm 15 centimeters.

Tus qauv ntawm cov kev ua si

Tsis ntev Athenian tragedian Aeschylus qhia ib tug thib ob actor, thiab yog li ua qhov kev txiav txim ntau dynamic. Nyob rau orhestre nyob scenery, suab tshuab uas simulate xob quaj thiab xob laim, howling cua thiab nag. Ces tragedian ntxiv lwm actor. Txawm li cas los, lub luag hauj lwm los ua ntau thiab ntau yuav tsis leg txawm peb lam nrog lawv. Tom qab ntawd peb tau ua tswvcuab qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, txhua sawv cev rau ib txoj kev. Rau transformation yog txaus hloov lub daim npog qhov ncauj, thiab mus rau theem nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab guise.

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau, qab orhestroy, nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb chav tsev - Skene, qhov twg lam tau pom tsis tau cov neeg tuaj saib los mus hloov lub daim npog qhov ncauj, uas tau ua los ntawm cov dawb lias av nplaum thiab qhia tau txog ib yam ntawm lub ntsej muag qhia ntawm tus hero thiab nws mus ob peb vas. Cov tseem ntawm lub daim npog qhov ncauj feem ntau yog cov lus hais rau thaum tab tom nrhiav nyob rau ntawm nws cov neeg tuaj saib tam sim ntawd to taub hais tias nws xav qhia rau cov actor, thiab dab tsi xav nws twb sim tiag tiag.

Qhov ncauj qhov ntswg li ib lub hauv paus ntawm theatrical kos duab

Ntawm kev tseem ceeb yog lub npog qhov ncauj xim: dub Hawj txawm hais txog kev sib haum xeeb thiab noj qab nyob zoo ntawm cov ua cim, tus kab mob los yog kev mob nkees personified daj, liab hais txog cov stealth, chim heev thiab npau taws xa liab daim npog qhov ncauj. qhov ncauj qhov ntswg expressiveness yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo, nyob rau ntawm no scale tag nrho cov theatrical kev txiav txim. Tus actor tau tsuas txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm gestures thiab lub cev taw. Qhov ncauj qhov ntswg Greek ua yeeb yam kuj ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov lus qhia, mus pab tau txoj lub hwj chim ntawm sounding lub suab actor.

competitiveness

Tim Nkij teb chaws txij thaum lub sij hawm ancient suav hais tias ib lub teb chaws sib tw. Tsis dim no kev lig kev cai thiab ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub Great Dionysius tag nrho cov ua yeeb yam raug hluav taws - adversarial. Cov hnub caiv tau ib lub koom haum peb tragedies thiab ib tug satirical comedy orientation. Qhov kawg ntawm txhua kev ua tau zoo cov neeg tuaj saib thiab txiav txim seb qhov zoo tshaj plaws actor, qhov zoo tshaj plaws daim ntawv qhia, thiab thiaj li nyob rau tag nrho cov cim uas muaj yus kev ua tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem hnub ntawm lub Great Dionysius winners tau txais prizes.

Txiv ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sij hawm - Eshil, Euripides Sofokl - competed ntawm lawv tus kheej. Aeschylus, cov lus qhuab qhia morality, kev ncaj ncees lub luag hauj lwm rau lub txais kev phem, ua tsaug rau nws tej hauj lwm ( "Oresteia", "Prometheus", "Lub Pawxia" thiab lwm tus neeg.) Yeej 13 lub sij hawm. Sophocles twb paub li qhov zoo tshaj plaws tragedian 24 lub sij hawm no pab tau nws tus dluab nyob rau hauv qee "Electra," "Antigone," "Oedipus". Tus playwright - Euripides - sim mus ntes mus nrog cov laus mentors, nws cim - Medea, Phaedra - tsaug puas siab puas ntsws.

Ancient comedy ntawm Aristophanes sawv cev los ntawm cov hauv qab no tej hauj lwm: "nkawj", "Riders", "Qav," "Lysistrata", "Peace", "Huab". Zajlus satirical daim rawv nrog cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws sij hawm. Piv rau tus yeeb yam, raws li nyob rau hauv legends, Aristophanes comedy muaj kev cuam tshuam kev muaj tiag.

Greek ua yeeb yam, nws cov qauv

Lub slopes ntawm cov toj thiab qhib ntuj. Greek tsev ua yeeb yam, lub sij hawm classical ua rau cov nram qab no txoj ntsiab cai: ib tug tshaj amphitheatre nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug truncated vajvoog ntawm lub nce los ntawm ib tug lub voj voog scene. Yog hais tias xav mus ntxiv zij tsim, koj tau txais ib tug raug kaw zoo uas muaj tsis tu ncua concentric voj voog. Txhua lub vajvoog yog muaj li ntawm roughly txaug pob zeb blocks. ntxhib pob zeb nto, thiab nws nkhaus yog zoo li ntawd tsim los hais tias cov pob qij txha yog luag pom. Rau tiers Greek Amphitheater hauv Athens tsim nyog ib tug Titanic ua hauj lwm ntawm pua pua txhiab tus qhev uas ua hauj lwm tas hnub thiab hmo ntuj. 78 kab rooj zaum muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb lub npoo zoo li tus kab. Greek tsev ua yeeb yam, tas muaj rau thawj kab nrog nraub qaum ris rau VIPs, cov pov thawj, ua hauj lwm thiab cov qhua ntawm yawm. Nyias, muaj ib lub pob zeb rooj zaum nrog openwork carving, qhov chaw no yog ib tug pov thawj ntawm Dionysus.

Round chaw ua si, ib tug ua yeeb yam nyob ntev, qhov thiaj li hu ua orhestra, sib cais los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj laj kab ntawm lub amphitheatre. yog lub thaj, lub thaj ntawm Dionysus, nws cov kauj ruam thaum lub sij hawm nrug cov musicians zaum nyob rau hauv nws cov centre. Los ntawm cov sab nraum lub ntiaj teb no kis orhestra cob cog rua - Parodi. Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog tsis tu ncua bombarded nrog fine gravel los yog xuab zeb. Tom qab ntawd nws twb leem nrog pob zeb blocks.

Qab orhestry yog proskeny - lub platform rau tus sau los ntawm lam ua ntej qhov kev kawm. Thiab tom qab nws twb nyob Skene los yog, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub hais lus, hnav khaub ncaws chav tsev, qhov chaw uas lub ua yeeb khaws lawv qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab npaj mus rau hauv lub orhestru. Nyob rau txhua sab ntawm skene nws muaj ob tug me me tis, qhov twg nws twb khaws cia khoom thiab qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Cov chaw twb hu ua "paraskenii".

Kev sib txuas lus ua ntej tus yeeb yam

Qhov ntev keeb kwm ntawm lub Greek tsev ua yeeb yam cim ib tug ruaj khov kho kev lig kev cai. Cov neeg tuaj saib twb mus tau zoo ua ntej pib ntawm qhov kev kawm, cov neeg mus ib tug ntev txoj kab ntawm parodies thiab zaum nyob rau hauv tas cov rooj zaum. Early sij hawm tuaj txog yog tej piav los ntawm lub siab xav mus coj ib tug zoo dua qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab ua ntej qhov kev nthuav qhia los tham nrog cov neeg nyob ze, kawm cov xov xwm thiab qhia lawv cov kev xav. Ancient Greek ua yeeb yam yog ib yam ntawm cov chaw sib txuas lus hauv lub capital lub neeg. Feem ntau, cov neeg tuaj nrog lawv tag nrho cov tsev neeg.

Niaj hnub nimno Greek tsev ua yeeb yam

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv Athens Theatre twb tsim "Tshiab theem", uas nws lub npe hais lus rau nws tus kheej. Lub repertoire ntawm "Nea phua ntiag" yog tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Greek dramatists thiab sau ntawv los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws. Ibsen ua si "Cov tsiaj qus os", "Freeloader" Turgenev, "The Secret of Countess Valerie" Ksenopulosa thiab ntau lwm tus neeg tau raug ua si thiab yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub repertoire.

Founder K. Hristomanos troupe sim los ua ib tug khaub ncaws ntau cam khwb cia ntawm qhov tseeb tiam tsis hais txog mus rau lub txwm ancient Greek ua yeeb yam qhov ncauj qhov ntswg nrog pa heroes thiab tsis zoo hais tseg cwj pwm. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws ua li ntawd nws, tab sis tseem ib co ntawm cov nuances ntawm yav dhau los flits nyob rau hauv productions. Ib txhia scenes tsis tau ua yam uas tsis muaj actor tus frozen qhia lub ntsej muag li ib tug npog qhov ncauj. Tej zaum lub ntsej muag kab zauv yuav tsis pub qhia txoj kev xav zoo li no yuav ua ib tug npog qhov ncauj. Yog li ib tug correlation centuries.

stagnation

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm xyoo 1910 txog rau 1920 lub Greek ua yeeb yam poob rau hauv poob. Nws cuam tshuam lub tense teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub zej zog vim yog lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog thiab cov nyiaj txiag stagnation. Cov neeg tsis tau circuses. Yuav luag tag nrho cov theaters tau tsiv nyob rau hauv ib tug coj mus muag hauv paus, thiab hais tias meant ib tug tag nrho overhaul ntawm lub repertoire, cov kev hloov ntawm lub classic tej hauj lwm ntawm shoddy bulvarschinoy. Cov kev hloov tau inevitable, raws li auditoriums pib tuaj rollicking cwm pwm uas nyiam mus saib nyob rau theem nrab-liab qab actresses, thiab tag nrho cov so lawv twb tsis xav. Tag nrho cov me nyuam mus rau revive nyob rau theem lub classic ua si los ntawm Sophocles thiab Aeschylus twb nyob rau hauv tsis ua hauj lwm. Nws yog ib tug txawv lub sij hawm, thiab niaj hnub ua yeeb yam coj lawv txoj haujlwm.