Gorbanevskaya Natalia: "Yuav kom tsis poob ntsej muag nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov me nyuam"

Gorbanevskaya Natalia dhau mus lawm mam li nco dheev - Kaum ib hlis 30, 2013. Nws lub ntees tuag nyob rau hauv Paris tau sau ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg, nrog rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm European lub teb chaws. Tsuas yog tus Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv tau tsis uas muaj tuaj los ntawm leej twg.

Natalia Gorbanevskaya: biography pej xeem heroine

Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1969, cov raug ntes Natali Gorbanevskoy, yug nyob rau hauv 1936. Talented kws sau paj lug Natalia Gorbanevskaya nyob rau hauv 1963 kawm tiav los ntawm lub philological kws qhia ntawv ntawm Leningrad State University. Nws yog ib tug neeg ntawm ib tug zaum ua qauv qhia rau liab Square Lub yim hli ntuj 25, 1968 tiv thaiv cov ntxeem tau ntawm Czechoslovakia, tus neeg sau ntawm "Noon" cov phau ntawv, uas qhia qhov tseeb txog qhov kev txiav txim. Natalia - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov teg num pab rau cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm civil rights nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov founders thiab cov thawj editor ntawm "Vaj Keeb Kwm ntawm Tam sim no Txheej xwm", leej niam ntawm ob tug me nyuam.

scrapped paj huam

Nws yog 17 xyoo thaum twg, nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1956 Stalin tuag. Tom qab lub XX Congress ntawm lub Communist tog, uas twb debunked lub cult ntawm Iosifa Vissarionovicha, Natalia yuav tsum hloov. Tab sis lawv tsis ua raws li, tab sis twb tso tawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug txim. Thiab ces nws yog cov hluav ntawm lub Hungarian kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv 1956, thiab nws tau los ua tseeb tias twb tsis muaj dab tsi yuav hloov. Ib txhia cov kab, uas tau sau los ntawm Natalia Gorbanevskaya, kwv huam nplooj siab mus Hungary, twb tsis pom qhov twg yuav tsum luam tawm:

Chizhi hu nkauj kaj ntug.

Tab sis yog vim li cas lub owls ya xws li qhov tsaus ntuj nti,

Outstretched tis mediocrity?

Ah, qhov no tu siab heev lub teeb los ntawm fluorescent teeb!

Lub hnub twb muaj ib tug neeg zais.

Nws tag nrho cov pib nrog samizdat

Nyob rau hauv 1955 Natalia Gorbanevskaya muaj paj huam Leonid Chertnova, Stanislav thiab Valentina Krasovitskogo Khromov. Nrog lawv nws twb tau mus coj ib tug qhib thiab dawb lub sib tham. Thiab Natalia tau txais mus rau hauv ib tug poetic ib puag ncig, thaum kuv pib sau nws tus kheej thiab cov me nyuam samizdat. Typewriters twb ces nyob rau hauv cov chav nyob, yog li tag nrho cov theej los ntawm txhais tes. Natalia tau txais nws tshuab los ntawm nws niam, nws yuav sau tau ib cov degree.

Mus txog ib hnub mus xyuas Anna Akhmatova, Gorbanevskaya Natalia los ntawm txhais tes theej cov paj huam "Requiem" (archival "Memorial" khaws cia tus thawj tsab ntawm cov paj huam nyob rau hauv samizdat luam N. Gorbanevskaya), ces ib tug neeg muaj reprinted nws nyob rau hauv ob peb cov ntawv luam thiab tso tawm neeg. Faib nrog ib tug kev thov kom rov qab mus tsis tau tsuas yog ib daim ntawv ntawm nws. Tab sis kuj yuav ua rau lwm tus. Ib tug muab faib ntau tshaj ib puas luam ....

"Noon"

Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1968 thov yog ua los ntawm cov Czechoslovak koom pheej rau thaum muaj xwm ceev kev pab, nrog rau cov tub rog kev pab, nyob rau hauv view ntawm cov kev hem thawj rau lub socialist system uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Qhov tseem decisive kev ua tiv thaiv lub aggression ntawm Czechoslovakia, yog qhov kev kawm ntawm Natalia Gorbanevskaya. Nws yog ib tug sit-down qauv qhia nrog banners thiab chij. Nyob rau hnub ntawd, thaum ib tug ua qauv qhia Natalia yog nrog nws 3-hlis-laus tus tub, Yauxej.

Tom tsev Gorbanevskaya Natalya nteg nyob rau hauv lub txaj samizdat. Thawj nrhiav nws chav tsev nyob tam sim ntawd tom qab ua tus qauv qhia thiab seized tag nrho Tshuag ntawm samizdat. Ib tug thib ob nrhiav tau ua nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawm nws tawm mus tsev rau Pavel Litvinov thiab Larisa nyob rau hauv Usugli Bogoras nyob rau hauv Chuny. Cov neeg uas nqa tawm ib tug nrhiav ntawm Natalia, rightly ntseeg hais tias nws muaj hmoo phooj ywg tau thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no samizdat. Los ntawm cov memoirs ntawm cov feem ntau Natalia: "Kuv muaj ib tug loj lub hnab ev khoom thiab ib lub hnab. Thiab yuav luag tag nrho nws tus kheej-publishing, kuv daim ntau quav tso nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab, thiab muab tso rau ib tug me ntsis lub hnab ev. Thiab thaum lawv tuaj mus nrhiav kuv, xub thawj lawv nrhiav lub hnab ev khoom, thiab ces txiav txim siab mus xyuas lub rooj zaum. Kuv muab tso rau hauv lub hnab rau hauv pem teb. Lub rooj zaum nrhiav tsis tau dab tsi, yog li tsiv mus rau ib tug loj chav, qhov twg kuv niam tau nyob nrog cov me nyuam. Lyuba Alekseeva, uas yog nyob rau hauv kuv search, muab tso rau hauv lub hnab rov qab rau lub rooj zaum thiab muab nws tej khaub ncaws. Thiab ua tsaug rau nws no tag nrho lub hnab ntawm samizdat dim. "

Hlis ntuj nqeg 25, 1969 yog lub ntes Natali Gorbanevskoy. Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqi yog "sau rau hauv phau ntawv" Noon "thiab" systematic hloov nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm "Chronicle ntawm Tam sim no Txheej xwm". Nws tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm "irresponsible" thiab xa mus rau yuav tsum kho.

Nyob rau hauv 1972 mus txawv teb chaws mus rau lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias, tab sis tso Gorbanevskaya Natalia txiav txim siab tsis mus nyob qhov twg los ntawm tus USSR. "Kuv twb tsis yuav mus nyob qhov twg. Kuv twb mus yuav nyob ntsiag to, ntsiag to thiab heev nyiag ua li cas kuv ua tau. "

Nyob rau hauv 1974 nws raug kev txom nyem ib tug qaug dab peg, thiab ces muab nws ncaws tawm ntawm Solzhenitsyn. Natalia Gorbanevskaya: "Tom qab kuv raug ntes kuv yog Solzhenitsyn s chav tsev, zoo li Andrey Dmitrievich Saharov. Cov chav tsev muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg. Ces Andrei hu xov tooj thiab hais tias ib co ntawv nyeem, thiab peb txhua tus uas twb muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog, raws li yog hais tias tus ntawv nyeem tau kos npe. Yog li ntawd thawj lub sij hawm kuv hais lus hauv pej xeem. Ces tom qab ntawd kuv kos npe rau ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv them nyiaj yug ntawm Leonid Plyushch, uas yog nyob rau spetslechenie nyob rau hauv Dnepropetrovsk. Kuv yuav tsis kos npe rau tsab ntawv ntawd, vim hais tias nws twb kho heev npaum li cas tshaj kuv nyob rau hauv Kazan. Tom qab ntawd peb pom tau hais tias yog hais tias kuv puas tau kos npe rau ib yam dab tsi rau peb, kuv tsis yuav tsum tau tawm los. "

"Yuav kom tsis poob ntsej muag nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv cov me nyuam ..."

Qhov kawg ntawm 1975 Gorbanevskaya Natalia nrog rau nws ob tug tub sab laug lub Soviet Union thiab emigrated mus rau Fabkis.

Thaum lub sij hawm interrogations, tus neeg tshawb xyuas ib zaug nug Natalie yog vim li cas nws koom nyob rau hauv lub demonstrations, thiab tau txais cov lus teb: "Mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov me nyuam twb tsis txaj muag. Kuv yuav tsis hais tias txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum tau ua li ntawd, tab sis, nrog no txaj muag kuv yuav lis xwb li ntawd. "