Glaciers Russia: daim ntawv teev thiab cov duab. Roob Glaciers Russia

Tseem ceeb rau replenish tag nrho cov dej ntws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog ua si rau cov glaciers. 16 lab sq. km - yog li tag nrho cov cheeb tsam yog hais txog 11% ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws cheeb tsam. Lawv muaj cov loj loj reserves ntawm cov dej tshiab. Nyob rau hauv Russia, ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv, ib cheeb tsam ntawm txog 60 txhiab sq. M. km. Glaciers Russia yog muab faib ua ob hom, raws li cov qauv ntawm cov lawv tsim:

• Txheej. Qhov no yog feem coob ntawm cov glacial systems nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Cov no muaj xws ice Franz Josef av, Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya thiab lwm yam Arctic Islands tuaj. Qhov nruab nrab thickness ntawm cov Islands tuaj nyob rau hauv lub Arctic hiav txwv - los ntawm 100 mus rau 300 meters. Lawv cia loj heev reserves ntawm cov dej tshiab.
• Zog ntawm Guj kuj roob glaciers. Lawv qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam - tsuas yog 5%. Qhov no cia hnab khib glacial roob ranges ntawm lub Caucasus, lub Urals, Kamchatka. Rau lawv tsim yog tsim nyog tias cov nram qab no ob tug mob: zoo huab cua kub thiab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm nag lossis daus. Feem ntau, yog hais tias tus roob feem ntau los nag, lawv yuav nrog sov huab cua.

Ib tug ntau yam ntawm glaciers

Classifications ntawm glaciers, xws li lub roob, muaj ntau ntau yam. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws?

• Daus thaj ua rau thaj. Daus txuam nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntiav nram hav thiab qhov chaw siab tshaj.
• Glaciers step-slopes. Daus loj sib sau ntawm tus taw ntawm tus duab ntxoov ntxoo roob thiab pub los ntawm avalanches.
• Dai glaciers. Nyob rau lub ntseg slopes, raws li yog hais sveshivayas dua nws. Lawv yog cov ntawm me me luaj li cas, tab sis yog txaus ntshai vim hais tias lawv tej zaum yuav zom.
• Cirque glaciers. Daus masses kreslovidnyh nram hav nrog ntxhab rear phab ntsa.
• Glaciers volcanic peaks. Nyob roob saum.
• Peremetnoe glaciers. Lawv muaj ib qho keeb kwm - qhov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub caj, tab sis tej ceg txheem ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub rov qab sab ntawm nws.
• Norwegian hom. Qhov no hom ntawm cov dej khov yog ib txoj kev hloov los ntawm lub roob rau lub coverslip. Mis nyuj kaus mom toj siab-ib yam li peaks kis down. Tom qab ncav qhov sawv kev focal nqis.
• Valley nyob rau hauv lub roob nram hav.

Zog ntawm Guj kuj Roob glaciers yog tsis zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv loj. Ib txhia txiav, lwm leej lwm tus yog nce, muaj cov neeg uas hloov lawv qhov chaw nyob, tsiv. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab loj glaciers? Daim ntawv teev cov 5 loj roob nruab nrog perennial ice yog raws li nram no.

Caucasus

Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws qhov chaw rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm roob glaciers. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ib feem ntawm lub Caucasus, ie nyob rau hauv nws sab qaum teb nqes hav, feeb meej enormous loj, tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm 1400 sq km. Nws yog xav paub ntau tshaj 2,000 glaciers. Lawv yog cov feem ntau me me nyob rau hauv loj, mus txog rau 1 kV. km nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Qhov loj tshaj plaws glacier nyob rau hauv Russia - ib tug complex ntawm Mount Elbrus nyob rau hauv Kabardino-Balkaria, ib cheeb tsam ntawm dua 120 square meters. km. Lwm loj los daus ncov nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus - rau sab saum toj ntawm ib tug tu noob roob hluav taws Kazbek. Nws yog ntawm no tias muaj ntau tshaj 60% ntawm tag nrho cov dej khov Caucasus. Ib tug feature tshwj xeeb yog lawv alpine cim. Lavxias teb sab ib feem ntawm lub los daus peaks ntawm lub Greater Caucasus yog nyob rau ntawm nws sab qaum teb nqes hav, nws yog ntau tus thiab ncua, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub South. Muaj ntau tshaj li 70% ntawm cov Greater Caucasus dej khov. Yav qab teb ntxhab thiab ntxhab ntxhab, nws snows 30% Caucasian roob. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm glaciation ntawm no caj muaj mus pub rau cov dej ntws uas coj pib ntawm no. Qhov no tributary ntawm lub Kuban dej - Dawb, Zelenchuk Lanpas - thiab tus dej Terek - Ardon, Urukh, Baksan. Lub glaciers ntawm lub Caucasus Toj siab thim rov qab thiab shrinking. Txawm tias ib tug me ntsis txo, lub hwj chim ntawm cov dej ntws kev txom nyem los ntawm nws. Rau ib xyoo pua rau theem ntawm cov daus kab tau nce los ntawm 70-75 cm. Tej zaum kuj muaj yog ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm pib ntawm cov dej khov nyob rau hauv ib co chaw.

Altai

Nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov biggest glaciers nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog nyob Altai daus. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Siberia, txog 1,500 lub tsev, uas nyob ib cheeb tsam ntawm dua 900 square meters. km. Qhov loj tshaj plaws glaciers rau lub Katun, sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb-Chui Chui ridges. Loj masses yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv Mount Belukha, uas originates zoo Altai Katun dej thiab nws cov tributaries. Tej chaw no muaj ua qhov tseem nyiam thiab nrov nrog climbers tag nrho cov thoob lub Altai. Ntawm no yog Akkem glacier. Ib txhia ntseeg hais tias nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb hwj chim, thiab tsub nws nws qhua. Lwm los daus ncov ntawm Altai - Aktru. Roob yog nto moo rau tus enormous txawv nyob rau hauv kub. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov muaj yog ib tug intolerable tshav kub, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no - mob loj heev txias. Thaum lub sij hawm no Aktru xam tau tias yog lub zos txias taw tes. Qhov kub ces poob rau rho tawm 62ºS. Tab sis txawm nrog xws li yooj yim climatic tej yam kev mob, ib tug ntau ntawm xav pom cov glaciers Russia. Duab ntawm hauj lwm yog fascinating.

Kamchatka

Niaj hnub nimno glaciation ceg av qab teb muaj ib tug txiav txim scale. Daus masses yog loj tshaj nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Lawv tau dab tsi rau txog 450, tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 900 sq. km. Lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb lawv nyob rau lub Central Ntau thiab Klyuchevskoy pab pawg neeg. Zog ntawm Guj kuj glaciers nyob rau hauv Kamchatka muaj ib qho kev nthuav feature. Lawv yuav mus rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua caldera, tawm ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv lub caldera thiab cov Craters ntawm volcanoes thiab toj, uas yog nyob rau ceg av qab teb loj loj npaum li cas. Nyob rau hauv Kamchatka, lub sov lub caij yog luv luv, thiab cov daus uas poob rau hauv lub toj saum, yog tsis muaj lub sij hawm rau yaj. Lwm feature ntawm lub snows ntawm Kamchatka - lawv tsis muaj txoj hauj lwm. Glaciers nqis los rau sab saum toj rau ib qhov siab ntawm 1600 meters. Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub snows muaj volcanoes. Thaum lub sij hawm lub kev tawg ntawm ib tug active glaciers yog melting, thiab qhuav dej lawm ua tus sau dej.

Koryak Ntau

Nws tseem hu ua lub Koryak Highlands. Nyob rau hauv lub Far East, nws captures lub Chukotka Autonomous District thiab cov Kamchatka Territory. Tag nrho cov ntawm glaciers no - 1330, thiab lawv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj ntau tshaj 250 sq. km. Koryak Highlands muaj luv luv yog hom twg thiab ridges, uas ntev los ntawm cov northeast mus rau lub southwest. Glaciers Lavxias teb sab Far East, elongated, mus txog 4 km nyob rau hauv ntev. Lawv nyob tsis tshua muaj heev, deb hauv qab no rau hauv cov daus kab, nyob rau theem ntawm 700-1000 meters. Qhov no yog vim txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab cov nyob ze sib thooj ntawm tus mob khaub thuas hiav txwv. Lwm glacier nyob rau hauv Russia - Ice Roob - nws siab tshaj plaws taw tes yog nyob 2562 meters.

Toj siab Suntar-Hayata

Cov glaciers muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Yakutia thiab Khabarovsk Krai. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm 208 daim, ib tug tag nrho ntawm ntau tshaj 200 sq km. Ridge ncav us txog rau 450 km, thiab nws siab tshaj plaws taw tes - Mount Cape Khaya - thaum yuav luag 3000 meters. Tsis tas li ntawd Glaciers, ntawm no hais txog 800 sq. tyrynov km. Yog li ntawd peb hu rau ib tug loj ntev-lub sij hawm te, uas yog tsim nyob rau thaum lub sij hawm khov av. Lub thickness ntawm xws ice yog feem ntau hais txog 8 meters. Suntar-Hayata - ib tug watershed ntawm loj ntws ntawm Siberia li Indigirka, Aldan, thiab cov Okhotsk Hiav txwv phiab.