Fyodor Ivanovich Shubin, sculptor: biography, ua hauj lwm

Fedot Ivanovich Shubin - ib tug sculptor, yug nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1740 nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg pluag tsev neeg. Nws txiv, Ivan Arkhangelsk Pomor Afanasyevitch coj qhws cia li lwm lub npe - daim tawv nqaij lub tsho tiv no. Nws tsis yog ib tug serf, yog literate thiab zoo-txiav pob txha. Nws yog los ntawm nws zaj lus qhia, thiab peb twb tau txais ib tug naas ej sculptor Fedot Shubin. Nws lub npe me ntsis hloov nws tom qab rau kev nkag mus rau hauv lub Academy of Arts.

Yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim

Fedot Shubin, ib tug neeg pluag tus tub, sculptor, yuav luag kom rov hais dua txoj kev ntawm nws kuj zoo kawg countryman University, tab sis tsis muaj departing los ntawm cov kawm Askiv thiab sciences, kawm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab nyob rau hauv ltalis, skillfully mastered carving marble. Ntawm cov sculptors-portrait nws yeej yog tsis sib npaug zos. Nws txiv tsis tsuas yog ib tug kub siab lug tswv - muaj lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv fisheries, thiab arable ua liaj ua teb, tab sis kuj ua hauj lwm nrog leej niam ntawm hlaws thiab pob txha, carving tawm ib tug tiag tiag entertaining thiab nthuav tej yam.

Thiab tus xib fwb nws yog thaj feemxyuam. Nws yog nws leej twg qhia rau cov tub ntxhais Lomonosov ntaub kawm ntawv. Thiab nws kuj zoo kawg thwjtim twb tsis nco qab lawm cov thawj cob qhia. Nyob rau hauv 1759, Ivan Afanasievich daim tawv nqaij lub tsho tiv no tuag, thiab nws tus tub, tus tub hluas, lub neej yav tom ntej Fedot Shubin, sculptor thiab los yug thiab los ntawm txoj hauj lwm, tau mus rau lub tib ntses wagon tsheb ciav hlau mus rau lub capital, nyob ze rau countryman Lomonosov. Rau ob xyoo, tus tub hluas kawm Petersburg, tsis nyob rau hauv cov neeg txom nyem, vim nws yog yooj yim txiav kiv cua, snuff thawv, zuag ntsis plaub hau thiab lwm yam trinkets - mus rau lub delight ntawm cov poj niam. Rhuav nws cov khoom thiab nco ntsoov kam them dearly.

academy

Lomonosov yog kev zoo siab rau patronize tus tub ntawm nws thawj xib fwb, thiab nyob rau hauv 1761 Fedotov nkag mus hauv lub Academy of Arts. Lub npe ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv tau ua nyob rau hauv lub npe tshiab, thiab lub npe Fedotov, lub Fedor thiab vim hais tias cov artist meekly teb rau lub npe ntawm Fedot Shubin. Sculptor nyob rau hauv nws yog Ameslikas pom feemxyuam, thiab txhua tsav txhua yam yog tsis heev tseem ceeb rau nws. Txawm Suav Shuvalov xav tsis thoob thawj ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug tub hluas thiab nws dhau eagerly patronized. Qhov ntau uas Ameslikas kawm Lavxias teb sab sculptor Shubin thiab txawv teb chaws yam urgently. Nws lossi siab tsis tau tsuas yog qhuas los ntawm cov xibfwb qhia ntawv, tab sis kuj txeeb.

Nyob rau hauv 1766 nws ua ib tug bas-relief rau hauv kev kawm, tshuav ze rau nws tag nrho - "tus tua neeg ntawm Askold thiab dir," uas tsis tau tsuas yog tau txais cov neeg pej xeem kub puav pheej, tab sis kuj cov neeg sau tau txais tus kheej nom tswv cajceg thiab cov thawj tub ceev xwm nyob qib - "daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm hniav ntaj hniav riam." Tu siab, lub sij hawm tau coj peb tsis tsuas yog hais tias ua tiav raws li Shubin sculptor, muaj ntau yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev kawm ntawv, tau poob. Yog li ntawd ntau neeg ua tim khawv thiab qhia zoo nkauj ib hom ntawv nyeem statuettes "Oreshnitsa nrog ceev", "Valdayka nrog lub log" thiab lwm tus neeg, tab sis peb yuav tsis pom lawv charms.

Paris

Rau meritorious coj, ua siab ncaj thiab zoo kawm Fyodor Shubin, ib tug sculptor, twb pooschron mus txawv tebchaws los Paris nyob rau hauv 1767 nrog ib pab pawg neeg xws li pensioners (Fellows) mus rau Fabkis nyob rau hauv lub tutelage ntawm Lavxias teb sab ambassador Golitsyn, ib tug txiv neej ntawm enlightened thiab hnyav, ib tug lover thiab connoisseur ntawm cov kawm Askiv, dhau li - patron. Golitsyn kuj qhia thiab Fedor Ivanovich Shubin, ib tug sculptor los ntawm Russia, tus naas ej Diderot, uas yog ib tug phooj ywg, thiab nws qhia rau cov xib fwb rau Jean-Baptiste Pigalle.

Nws yog ib tug paub qab hau kev txiav txim siab. Vim hais tias Pigalle los tsim tsis tsuas zoo nkauj mythological thiab allegorical compositions, uas Shubin thiab sculptor ua hauj lwm nws directing, tab sis kuj tsim ib tug heev muaj tiag portrait busts. Tus ntawd yog nws rau Shubin yog tshiab thiab tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd coj nws lub koob meej.

kev txawj ntse kev kawm

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub studio nrog Pigalle, Fedot Afanasievich ua tib zoo theej thiab niaj hnub Fabkis duab puab thiab antique saum, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm sculpted bas-relief paintings los ntawm Poussin thiab Raphael, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm lub sij hawm nws coj mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov xwm.

Yuav luag txhua txhua hmo Fedor Shubin sculptor pib nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov-scale chav kawm ntawv ntawm lub Academy ntawm Fine Arts nyob rau hauv Paris, tab sis los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm poob los ntawm tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb thiab nyob rau hauv lub noob nom noob tswv tsev qiv ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub studio ntawm ib tug naas ej Fabkis sculptor. Tej zaum nws sau ntawv txog lawv cov yaam puab paub, thiab ib txhia txawm hnub no koj yuav nyeem, wondering Student zeal neeg pluag tus tub. Nws txiv, Ivan Shubin, ib tug sculptor, dhau lawm, tej zaum fondly ntsia mus rau dab tsi ua rau nws tus tub. Thiab tus tub puas tau ib tug ntau, ib tug ntau. Thiab yog li ntawd peb xyoo dhau lawm.

Ltalis

Ib tug peb-xyoo kev kawm nyob rau hauv Paris lawm, tab sis Fedot qhov no yog kom meej meej tsis txaus, thiab thiaj li nws nug kev tso cai los ntawm lub Academy mus ntxiv nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos thiab mus kom tau raws li cov tub ceev xwm. Nws yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm cov feem ntau muaj kev vam meej tsim yaam tshab. Fyodor Shubin, sculptor, uas nws tej hauj lwm amaze txawm peb contemporaries nrog nws kev txawj thiab yog portrait kis tau tus mob tus cwj pwm, tsim nyob rau hauv 1771, portraits ntawm Shuvalov thiab Golitsyn.

Tam sim no lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub Tretyakov Gallery. Lwm yam kev ua hauj lwm - lub bust ntawm Catherine lub Great marble uas tau muab tawm kev vam meej txawm tias nws twb tsis tau ua los ntawm cov xwm. Orlov cov kwv tij, nyiam ntawm lub Empress, nws tam sim ntawd kom Shubin lawv portraits, thiab sai sai heev lawv thiaj tau raug tua pov tseg. Sculptor carved lub busts nyob rau hauv nws tsawg-tseem ceeb yam, uas twb kovyeej muaj tiag tendencies.

Travelling

Nyob rau ntawm ib tug taw tes, txawm li cas los, yog tsis zaum Shubin, nyob rau hauv 1772 nws embarked rau ib tug exciting lus rau tus naas ej breeders Demidovs Ltalis. Nyob rau hauv Bologna kuv nres thiab puas tau ib co ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov hiob nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe Academy Shubin ua nws mus saib xyuas academician thiab muab nws daim ntawv kawm tiav.

Lub caij ntuj sov 1773rd Demidov ib tug caij sculptor nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe dua, lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv London. Txawm li cas los Shubin twb heev bored ntawm Russia, nyob rau sab laug li ntev dhau los, cov phooj ywg thiab los ntawm UFW, thiab yog li ntawd tam sim ntawd tom qab lub dawm rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg.

nyob rau hauv tsev

Nyob rau hauv 1775 nws tuaj mus rau lub teeb ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau zoo kawg li tej hauj lwm ntawm sculptor Shubin. Qhov no bust ntawm tub huabtais Golitsyn, Catherine ci ntsa iab diplomat, kawm ntawv ua nom ua tswv, secular refined thiab sophisticated, txawj ntse. Thiab niaj hnub no peb yuav xav txog qhov no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv plaster rau ntawm lub State Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej, thiab nyob rau hauv marble - nyob rau hauv lub Tretyakov Gallery. Yuav ua li cas zoo Shubin muab cov tsos ib tug me ntsis nkees ntawm txoj kev laus tug txiv neej nrog ib tug twj ywm kev txiav txim zoo ntawm superiority tshaj lwm leej lwm tus, ob leeg qhia thiab heartfelt!

folds ntawm cov khaub ncaws dav hlau thiab zoo li yuav tsiv, yog li dynamic kev sib hloov ntawm lub lub xub pwg nyom thiab lub taub hau diplomat. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb yog tshwm nyob rau hauv lub marble. Pob zeb yog ua tsis taus pa yog tau txais tawm ntawm tus tswv lub cuab tam. Falcone nws tus kheej yog zoo siab nrog lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Ib xyoo ua ntej lawm, nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1774 cov thawj, cov Academy of Arts twb yuam kom ua txhaum nws tus kheej charter. Lub npe ntawm academician yeej tsis tau muab rau tus artist, Yog hais tias nws ua hauj lwm yog tsis nqa keeb kwm los yog mythological load. Nyob rau hauv Shubin nws portrait bust ntawm Catherine lub Great nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj nuj nqis ib hom ntawv nyeem los yog lwm yam. Tab sis lub npe ntawm academician nws tau txais.

seventies

Cov no yog fruitful xyoo. Nws yog tsim muaj ntau yam portraits, nrog Shubin ua hauj lwm sai sai heev: ib lub hlis - ib tug bust. Lub sculptor tau ua tsis tshua muaj nrov ntawm cov high zej zog ntawm cov pej xeem, mus rau lub qub - ib tug nyiam ntawm lub Empress. Los ntawm cov neeg muas zaub muaj tsis muaj kev tso cai. sculptor soj yog exceptional, thiab kev pom - sib sib zog nqus fantasy yog - inexhaustible. Nws muaj peev xwm txhua lub sij hawm mus nrhiav ib co tshiab kev daws - tsis yog los ntawm lwm nta, tab sis nyob rau sab hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov xwm ntawm tus qauv. Shubin sculptor yeej tsis dua nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm.

Tag nrho cov high zej zog ntawm St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv cov xyoo yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub portraits. Ntawm no lub tsev hais plaub poj niam Maria Panina. Yuav ua li cas txoj kev tshav ntuj, dab tsi elegance! Thiab yog dab tsi arrogance, cas ib tug txias! Thiab yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ntawm kom! Ntawm no Marshal - nto moo commander Rumyantsev. Tsis yog ib tug me ntsis embellished, dua li cov Rome-drapeable cloak. Thiab peb pom yuav ua li cas muaj zog, yuav ua li cas tseem ceeb rau tus neeg no. Thiab cov duab ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tag nrho cov zaum VG Orlova sculptor irony hits lub chaw. Nws yog ruthless, lub Shubin. Tsis muaj cai Orlov taws lub Academy ntawm Sciences, nws hais tias. Nrog xws li ib tug neeg! Nws tsis yog txawm tias ib tug hint ntawm stupidity, nws yog kiag li ruam thiab insolent qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag.

Ntau ntxiv txog cov ua hauj lwm

Qhov no bust depicts YOG Barishnikova nplua nuj industrialists. Cov tuav tau paub thiab tsis tau paub, nws muaj peev xwm twv los ntawm cov saib thrifty thiab tswvyim businessman. Twb tau nyob rau no thaum ntxov xyoo, ntev ua ntej cov neeg loj leeb, peb yuav tham txog kev sib raug zoo motifs nyob rau hauv lub artist. Ib tug portrait ntawm tus Secretary of State Zavadsky, rau hauv sib piv, qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov xav ntawm ib tug romantic xwm, thiab txawm fashioned nrog no mus ob peb vas - ceev ceev, nquag. Ntawm kev txaus siab yog "Portrait ntawm ib tug txiv neej", uas, li no mas, feem ntau tsis pub leejtwg paub xav thiab kev ntshaw ntawm cov artist qhib ib tug neeg txawv. Cov nyob tus yeees yog twj ywm, lub modeling mos - tag nrho cov matched sib sib zog nqus nyob rau hauv kev xav qauv.

Ib tug heev loj, peb yuav hais - ib tug ntau ntawm cov ua hauj lwm tau ua Shubin nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-seventies. Ekaterina Velikaya kom nws ib tug series ntawm bas-reliefs, tus xov tooj ntawm tsib caug-yim, ib lub cheeb ntawm txog xya caum centimeters. Marble portraits tau npaj rau lub Round nrog nyob rau hauv Chesma palace, tab sis tam sim no lawv muaj peev xwm tau saib nyob rau hauv lub Armory. Lawv depict princes thiab reigned neeg nyob rau hauv Russia - txhua yam los ntawm Rurik rau Elizabeth.

eighties

Tam sim no lub sculptor twb entrusted rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm tseem loj thiab ntau nyuaj txhua lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, nws ua brilliantly. Lub nyem thiab rau saum cov qhov Marble Palace, lub mausoleum ntawm General Golitsyn marble sculptures rau lub Alexander Nevsky Monastery thiab Trinity Cathedral, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho ntawm Pandora los ntawm cov loj cascade ntawm Peterhof yog tsim nyog ib yam dab tsi! Tab sis lub portrait busts nws tsis tawm. Nyob rau hauv Kuskovo, Sheremetyev Patrimony, koj yuav saib tau lub zoo heev ua hauj lwm ntawm Shubin, uas depicted tus tswv ntawm lub palace.

Nws yog zoo ib tug portrait ntawm General Michelson, thiab ib lub kib nrog rau cov profile ntawm Catherine tus Great thiab nws sculptural bust (txhua yam yog muab cia rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej). Apart stands lub pej thuam ntawm tus Empress "trendsetter" nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Shubin, qhov chaw uas nws yog xwm li Minerva. Cov neeg thiab cov high zej zog nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv delight, tab sis lub Empress tsis qhia tej yam tshuaj tiv thaiv - tsis muaj nqi, tsis muaj nce qib sculptor tsis tau txais. Thiab los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd txaus siab nyob rau hauv creativity Shubin los ua sai sai heev ploj.

Qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev

Caum-tsib xyoo nws nyob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ib tug zoo kawg nkaus sculptor Shubin. Luv luv biography ntawm nws zoo li ib tug piav qhia ntawm ib tswv yim txoj kev, yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv nws lub neej ua hauj lwm. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv Bologna Shubin - Xib Emeritus, thiab nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg - tsis muaj tag nrho cov. Thiab uas txhais tau hais tsuas yog ib yam: tos rau tsis muaj leej twg tsuas yog koj tsis tau them rau koj cov kev txiav txim nyiaj. Thiab qhov kev txiav txim yog ua tsawg thiab ua neej nyob ntev dua ntawd. Neeg pleev kob thiab sculptor yuav tsis muaj kev txom nyem, raws li paj huam thiab musicians, ces lawv yuav tsis tau los ua. Heev kim xim txhuam, canvases. Thiab raws li marble! Yog thiab plaster ...

Shubin intercedes nrog kev pab los ntawm tub huabtais Potemkin mus rau lub Academy of Arts rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm xibfwb nyob rau hauv cov duab puab chav kawm ntawv. Ob tug tsiaj ntawv nyob twj ywm tsis teb. Ces tus sculptor nyob ncaj qha mus rau lub Empress. Ob xyoos tom qab, cov lus teb twb tau txais thiab tau txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov xibfwb thiab. Tab sis tsis tau them! A U Shubina loj loj tsev neeg, nws yuav tsum muaj. Ua hauj lwm nws tsis nres, txawm lub fact tias lub zeem muag pib los tsis kam nws.

nineties

Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov xyoo ntau heev tshaj dua eloquently txog lub sculptor tus txuj ci. Nws yeej tsis embellish qhov nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, thiab tam sim no muaj tiag dluab tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom meej meej characterizes nws ua hauj lwm. Qhov no yog ib tug portrait ntawm Admiral Chichagova - yuav ua li cas huv suharom zoo cov peeb zeej! Qhov no bust sybarite Potemkin - qhia tau hais tias tus zoo-natured, tab sis haughtily, ua neeg khav theeb, yuav luag disdainfully. Qhov no yog ib pedant, lub taub hau ntawm lub Academy of Arts Betskoi yog cob moos Chulkov ... portrait ntawm ib tug heev, heev npaum li cas muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no.

Tsis ntev los no ua hauj lwm

Heev qhia tej lo portrait ntawm Lomonosov, uas Shubin nco tsim nyob rau hauv 1792. Nyob rau hauv nws muaj yog tsis muaj ib qho gram ntawm officialdom, pw ostentation, nws yog yooj yim thiab kev ywj pheej ob leeg nyob rau daim ntawv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub portrait ntawm lub kev txawj ntse! Txawm li cas los, ib tug yeej muaj tseeb masterpiece ntawm cov xyoo tsis ci ntsa iab portrait ntawm countryman thiab bust ntawm huab tais dua. Qhov no yog Paul Kuv - khav txiv heev, txias, lim hiam, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm heev thiab kev txom nyem. Shubin twb ntshai txawm nws pom, tab sis Paul no ua hauj lwm heev npaum li cas. Tab sis tsuas yog cia li. Los ntawm 1797 qhov teeb meem no Shubin ua hnyav heev. Nws xa mus rau lub academy thiab Paul, ces, ib xyoos tom qab, rov qab nyob rau hauv lub academy. Kuv nug ib tug heev me ntsis: cov breech chav tsev nrog taws tswm ciab thiab taws, vim hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi mus nyob. Cov lus teb yog silence dua.

Nyob rau hauv 1801, lub sculptor tsev hlawv thiab nws rhiav ua ke nrog rau cov tej hauj lwm - tiav lawm los tsis tau. Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj blows ntawm txoj hmoo yuav tsis ua qhov kev hloov no artist nws tus kheej. Ib qho ntawm feem tsis ntev los no ua hauj lwm - bust ntawm Alexander lub Great. Ib tug zoo nraug tus txiv neej, tab sis rau tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj dua no, tsis muaj ab tsi rov qab los. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog muab cia rau hauv lub Voronezh Regional Tsev khaws puav pheej. Tus huab tais ntawm no bust sculptor muab nplhaib nrog ib tug pob zeb diamond. Ces do Academy - muab cov tsev apartment, thiab taws tswm ciab. Nyob rau hauv 1803 twb yog. Tsis ntev, los ntawm decree ntawm huab tais Shubin thiab xib fwb uas muaj ib lub nyiaj hli xaiv. Tab sis lig dhau lawm. Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1805 nws yog tsis zoo kawg li sculptor. Nws txoj kev tuag tsis thoob thaum tsis muaj ib tug tsis zoo siab heev. Nws yog tam sim no rau tag nrho cov ntawm peb rau lub tragic txoj hmoo ntawm tus txiv neej thiab mob thiab poob ntsej muag.