Lub nto moo tshaj plaws sculptors ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab lawv ua hauj lwm. Nto moo Lavxias teb sab sculptor

Tus thawj tib neeg tsim yaam tshab uas yuav tsum tau hu ua duab puab nyob rau hauv lub prehistoric lub sij hawm thiab yog cov mlom, pehawm los ntawm peb pog koob yawg koob. Tshaj yav dhau los pua pua txhiab xyoo lub kos duab ntawm puab tau mus txog unprecedented heights, thiab niaj hnub no peb yuav saib tau lub tiag tiag masterpieces, yeej ib txwm qhuas los ntawm cov neeg tuaj xyuas thiab passers-by nyob rau hauv lub tsev ceev teej tug thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm ntau lub zos nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li ntawd leej twg nto moo Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws ntxias ntawm txawv eras thov tau kom muaj nws lub npe twb dej num raws li "zoo-paub sculptors," thiab ib txhia ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub Golden nyiaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb kos duab?

Nto moo sculptors ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no

Raws li twb tau hais, kos duab rau ntawm puab originated ntau xyoo dhau los, raws li evidenced los ntawm heev heev pob zeb thiab av nplaum peb-dimensional dluab ntawm neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab mythical creatures, pom thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis muaj leej twg paub uas lawv sau phau ntawv, tab sis keeb kwm tau fwm cov npe ntawm ib co ntawm cov poj sculptors uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub 14th xyoo pua BC. e. thiab ua ntej lub 1 xyoo pua AD. e.

Piv txwv li, cov lus nug hais txog leej twg yog tus nto moo tshaj plaws sculptors ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no, ntawm lwm tus neeg, nco ntsoov hais qhov zoo ancient Iyiv sculptor Thutmose Junior. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm cov vaj ntxwv Akhenaten, thiab tsim ib cov nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab Amarna lub sij hawm - lub bust ntawm poj huab tais Nefertiti. Ntau npaum li cas cov lus qhia muaj txog leej twg yog tus nto moo tshaj plaws sculptors ntawm ancient Greece thiab Rome lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv kev, tus tswv thiab Critius Nesiot tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua sis thib 5 ntawd BC. e. zoo heev pes tsawg leeg thiab Garmody Aristogiton uas tom qab ntau tshaj ib zaug tshwm sim sculptors tom qab lub sij hawm. Txawm ntau dua heights nyob rau hauv craftsmanship Duab puab tau zoo Phidias, leej twg yog tus sau ntawm lub pej thuam ntawm Zeus nyob rau hauv kub thiab kaus ntxhw, pom raws li ib tug ntawm cov kev xav ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis tau nco ntsoov lub loj loj pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ancient kos duab, uas yog ua los ntawm xws li nto moo sculptors li Scopas, Praxiteles thiab Lysippos, tsim lub thiaj li hu ua Nees Saint Mark. Raws li rau lub Roman sculptors, feem ntau ntawm lawv tsim yaam tshab, xws li tus naas ej Apollo Belvedere, yog cov ntawv luam ntawm Greek tseem.

Nto moo sculptors ntawm lub ntiaj teb no: cov Nrab Hnub nyoog

Raws li koj paub, thaum pib ntawm ib tug keeb kwm lub sij hawm uas ua raws li lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub Western Roman faj tim teb chaws, nws tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kos duab. Uas yog vim li cas tsis muaj tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab ntawm puab teej tug mus rau lub 5-12 th centuries, hnub no yog tsis paub. Qhov zoo ces, thaum lub sij hawm dictates lub tsev teev ntuj pib tsis muaj zog, thiab muaj sculptures ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thiab rulers, uas nws sau phau ntawv muaj cai rau lawv tus kheej txav mus deb ntawm cov nruj canons ntawm kev cai dab qhuas kev kos duab thiab ua kom lawv tsim yaam tshab ntau lifelike. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, peb yuav txo tau tej masters li txiv thiab tus tub Pisano, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub lig 13th thiab thaum ntxov 14th caug xyoo. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, thaum nws los txog rau leej twg yog tus nto moo tshaj plaws sculptors ntawm lub Gothic lub sij hawm, tsis tau hu ua Adas Kraft tsim ib tug nplua nuj thaj Tetzel Chapel.

Art Duab puab Renaissance

Tej zaum muaj yog tsis yog ib tug neeg uas tsis paub tias leej twg lub npe nrov tshaj sculptors thiab lawv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Renaissance lub sij hawm. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv no era muaj xws li xws masterpieces li tus pej thuam uas David thiab cov Pieta los ntawm Michelangelo, ib daim qauv ntawm cov uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog Catholic churches thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb no, raws li zoo raws li ib tug monument rau Gattamelata los ntawm Donatello thiab "Perseus" Benvenuto Cellini. Ntawm Fabkis masters muaj nqis ntsoov teev Zhana Guzhona thiab Germain Pilon, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Italian lug txhawb cov miv.

Paub masters ntawm duab puab ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua

Ib tug zoo kawg li cov piv txwv ntawm cov kos duab ntawm cov duab puab ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm yog tus naas ej Tug ciav Trevi nyob rau hauv lub Palazzo Poli nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, xam tau tias yog ib lub cim ntawm lub Italian capital. Nws yog txhawb nqa los ntawm Nicola Salvi thiab Pietro Bracci uas ua daim duab ntawm Neptune thiab Triton. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua nws ua hauj lwm thiab Antonio Canova, nto moo rau nws tombstones ntawm lub Popes, raws li zoo raws li zoo-paub sculptors los ntawm Fabkis Edmond Bouchardon thiab Zhan Batist Pigall. Raws li rau lub British Masters, ntawm lawv yog tus thawj trio muaj Dzhona Flaksmana, Iosifa Nollekensa thiab Thomas Ntug dej.

European duab puab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem twb cim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov kaj hnub qub ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm puab - Bertel Thorvaldsen, uas nyob rau hauv 1803 qhia rau cov pej xeem nws "Jason". Tom qab ib tug nrov ntiaj teb no debut, nws tau los ua tsis tshua muaj nrov nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov tswv ntawm cov neeg muas zaub los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws, thiab nws kuj yog ib tus ntev muaj tswv yim lub neej carved ntau zoo heev compositions thiab portraits ntawm tib neeg nto moo. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog muaj nqis mentioning lub loj loj friezes, depicting lub exploits Aleksandra Makedonskogo, nws tsim nyob rau hauv 1812 rau lub dai kom zoo ntawm lub Quirinal Palace.

Thaum xaiv cov nqe lus nug ntawm leej twg yog tus nto moo tshaj plaws sculptors thiab lawv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, ib tug ntawm cov thawj tawm kom siab yog ib lub npe ntawm Auguste Rodin. Thiab nws tsis yog tsab, txij li thaum nws creation "Tus Thinker" thiab "Kiss" pom zoo raws li qhov loj tshaj masterpieces ntawm lub ntiaj teb kos duab. Raws li rau lub masters ntawm puab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mention L. Shvantaler uas tsim ntau zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm rau luag qhuas palaces thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb tsev ntawm Munich.

Sculptors 20-21 centuries

Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los xyoo pua, kev lig kev cai ntawm lub kuj zoo kawg Italian masters txuas ntxiv Dzhakomo Mantsu, nto moo rau nws creation ntawm "rooj vag uas tuag", ua rau lub Cathedral ntawm St. Peter nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog muaj nqis mentioning ntxias xws li Zhak Lipshits thiab Osip Tsadkin, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug surrealist style. Cov qeb ntawm "nto moo tshaj plaws sculptors ntawm lub ntiaj teb no" yog hais txog Alberto Giacometti, tsim nyob rau hauv 1961, ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm "taug kev txiv neej", uas yog kwv yees li ntawm Sotheby lub nyob rau hauv 104,3 lab US dollars. Ntawm cov sculptors ntawm lub caij xyoo pua 20th, nws yog tseem muaj nqis mentioning Fernando Botero, Lynn Chadwick Barri Flanagana thiab.

Nto moo sculptors los ntawm Russia 18-19 centuries

Tham txog lub kos duab ntawm puab nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog tsis tsim nyog rau pre-Petrine era, vim hais tias nws tsuas tsis muaj nyob. St. Petersburg puag ua rau peb xav txog dai nws palaces thiab squares sculptures, raws li yog ib txoj kev cai nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws, li ntawd, mus rau lub tsev hais plaub pib mus caw txawv teb chaws ntxias. Yog li, tus thawj paub tias "Lavxias teb sab" sculptors twb txawv teb chaws. Piv txwv li, peb hnov ob peb effigy, cam khwb rau yav tom ntej leej txiv ntawm tus poj kes duab vajtse - K. Rastrelli.

Tom qab lub founding ntawm lub Academy of Arts Catherine II muaj pib yuav tsum tau kawm tiav los thiab lub Russians. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm nws reign yog distinguished pioneer ntawm lub domestic kos duab ntawm puab li F. Shubin thiab M. Kozlovsky thiab F. Gordeev, uas tsim lub npe nrov Xaxoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm feemxyuam ntxias sawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nyob rau hauv kev, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no tsim xws zoo-paub Lavxias teb sab sculptors li M. M. Antokolsky - tus sau ntawm lub monument rau Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv Peterhof, AM Opekushin, P. Velionsky thiab I. N. Shreder.

Art duab puab ntawm lub Soviet thiab post-Soviet lub sij hawm

Ib qho ntawm feem coj tej hauj lwm ntawm cov duab puab ntawm lub thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ntawm chav kawm, yog tus naas ej monument los ntawm Vera Mukhina "neeg ua hauj lwm thiab Collective ua liaj ua teb ntxhais" - muaj leej twg paub masterpiece ntawm kev realism. Tsis muaj tsawg interesting thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm E. Vutechicha uas tsim lub "Warrior-liberator" rau Berlin lub Treptow Park thiab lub ntiaj teb no-nrov pej thuam "Lub motherland", thiab M. Anikushina - sau ntawm lub monument A. P. Chehovu thiab Pushkin, uas yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv Leningrad nyob rau hauv 1957.

Raws li rau cov uas nto moo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab sculptors ntawm lub post-Soviet lub sij hawm, tej zaum, lawv yuav tsum tau raug xa mus, thiab Ernst Unknown, uas pib nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, twb yuam kom mus txawv teb chaws mus rau lub tebchaws United States, thiab nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm - "Daim npog qhov ncauj kev quaj ntsuag" Magadan rau lub memorial ntawm cov neeg raug Stalinist tsuj - tsim nyob rau hauv 1996. Lwm tus tswv ntawm cov duab puab, tau lug paub tias nws nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo lawm - Shemyakin, ntawm cov hauj lwm uas tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mention multi-daim duab muaj pes tsawg leeg "Cov me nyuam - cov neeg raug rau cov neeg laus vices".