Epicurus 'philosophy ntawm lub vaj "

Epicurus - creator ntawm cov haib Hellenistic tej lus qhia. Nws ua ke nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj nrog cov ntsiab ntawm ethics thiab tej lus qhia ntawm Aristippus Democritus txog atoms thiab tsim lawv cov tswv yim (txawm hais tias nws contemptuously hais txog ib tug precursor).

Athenian los ntawm kev yug me nyuam, nws loj hlob tuaj nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Samos. Los ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog nws yog fond ntawm philosophy, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 32, tsim nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm philosophy, thawj ntawm o.Lesbos nyob rau hauv Metelene. Los ntawm lub xyoo 306 BC Epicurus tsiv mus rau Athens, yuav vaj thiab nws founds ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab thiaj li nws yog hu ua tus "vaj", raws li cov thwj tim thiab cov thwjtim ntawm Epicurus - "philosophers hauv lub vaj." Epicurus thiab nws lub tsev kawm ntawv ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm philosophy. Tsim raws li ib lub zej zog ib yam li-minded tsev kawm ntawv thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, thiab nws ntawd kub ntev li txog 600 xyoo, kuv tsis tau paub strife thiab discord. Cov thwj tim tau mob siab rau nws tus kws qhia ntawv, cov qub rau lawv cov qauv coj cwj pwm thiab ua raws li cov ntsiab cai tsim los ntawm lawv: "Act tau hais tias koj ntsia Epicurus." Lub philosophy ntawm Epicurus - tswv yim thiab materialistic. Nws tsis kam muab fatalism (predestined hmoo), tawm hauv tus txiv neej dawb thiab xaiv, thiab tsis paub txog lub gods. "Lub ntiaj teb no Democritus, qhov twg txhua yam yog predetermined, dreary thiab joyless thiab txawm zuj zus ntuj raug txim" - Epicurus sib cav. Quotes los ntawm "chetveroyakogo tshuaj", qhov yooj yim tej lus qhia ntawm Epicurus:

- "Gods tsis txhob ntshai";

- "Kev tuag yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai, dhau lawm, vim hais tias" Yog li ntawd ces peb yog, txoj kev tuag yog tsis muaj ntau, thiab thaum twg nws yog, ces peb yuav tsis "";

- "Nws yog zoo ib qho yooj yim mus cuag";

- "siab phem yog ib qho yooj yim ua."

Epicurus tsis lub tsis txawj tuag ntawm tus ntsuj plig, tab sis tus ntsuj plig nws tus kheej. Raws li nws tus ntsuj plig - qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb tsa ntawm atoms, me me, tab sis kiag li tiag tiag tshuaj uas permeates cov khoom cev. Nyob rau hauv nws qhia Epicurus tsis tsom rau paub qhov tseeb. Nws lub hom phiaj - mus rau reconcile txiv neej nrog lub neej, tau tshem ntawm tus mob thiab paub txais nws muaj kev kaj siab. "Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub philosopher yog nyob ze rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus kws kho mob," - hais tias Epicurus. - "Qhov no philosophy yog los pab ib tug neeg tau tshem ntawm ruaj siab nyiam uas ua kom raug kev txom nyem los ntawm me ntsi, kawm yuav txaus siab rau pheej yig, nyob zoo thiab tsuas yog peacefully. Human siab nyiam yog unlimited. Tsis txaus siab muaj siab ua kev txom nyem. Eesli txwv lub siab xav mus qhia tej kev txawj ntse thiab prudence, ces yog vim li cas kev txom nyem yuav tsawg dua. "

Qhov no philosophy ntawm Epicurus hnov zoo sib xws nrog Buddhism, nrog nws cov tswvyim ntawm tus Middle Way (tsis nrhiav ntau kev xyiv fab, koj tsis tau muaj kev txom nyem). tsuas yog tus tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm lub cev kev txom nyem, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm siab, cov warmth ntawm tus phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo txiv neej yuav tsum muaj kev zoo siab.

Lub inscription nyob rau kev nkag nyeem nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv no; "Guest, no koj yuav tsum tau zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog - kev lom zem. " Tab sis tsis lub cev, sensual pleasures yog vim, lawv, on qhov tsis tooj, rau txim, raws li rau lawv, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov them. Extolled ntse Library, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm siab, kev sib raug zoo nrog tuag thiab nrog lub ntiaj teb no, txoj kev kaj siab ntawm txuas lus nrog cov phooj ywg, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj kev lom zem - nws yog lub neej nws tus kheej. "Lub neej yog muab nyob rau hauv nov ntawm nqaij tawv, thiab lawv yuav ua tsis tau tsis ncaj ncees lawm," - hais tias Epicurus. Philosophy, tsim los ntawm nws, diverts lub siab ntawm ob qhov tseem ceeb tom qab qhov txhia. Nrog kev hwm rau lub xeev thiab zej zog philosopher adhered mus rau ib tug nruab nrab, detached tus cwj pwm, ntseeg hais tias lub neeg raug mus nyob rau hauv qho. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws coj thiab cov poj niam thiab txawm qhev. tsis xyaum tej yam zoo li no nyob rau hauv lub philosophical cov tsev kawm ntawv. Tshiab yog tus sawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm tib neeg lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb thiab ua neeg ncajncees ntawm lub cev tib neeg xav tau kev pab (cov tswv yim no tom qab txais yuav los ntawm philosophers-humanists ntawm lub National Revival).

Ua ntej tus nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv yog ib tug jug uas muaj dej, thiab ci ncuav mog qab zib raws li ib tug cim ntawm dab tsi yog ib tug neeg yeej yuav tau ib tug heev me ntsis. Cov neeg hauv zos nyob modestly thiab tsis muaj frills. Lawv tsis ua ke vaj tse, nws yuav ua pab ua pawg thiab mistrust, raws li Epicurus. Lub philosophy ntawm Epicurus, nruj heev heev nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos thiab Fabkis, twb heev distorted. Epicureanism txawv markedly los ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Epicurus thiab los ze zog nyob rau hauv essence, es, mus hedonism.