Electric tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov dej: nws keeb kwm, quantitative thiab zoo yam ntxwv

Yuav luag txhua tus neeg yeej paub yuav ua li cas txhais tau lub fais tam sim no qhia zog ntawm them hais. Txawm li cas los, qhov tseeb yog tias lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab zog ntawm nws nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej kev kawm yog heev txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov dej muaj ob peb lwm yam khoom tshaj qhov kom tsab ntawv tsa suab ntawm them hais. Peb tham txog tib nws yog xim hlau conductors.

Lub ntsiab sib txawv yog tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov dej - lub zog ntawm them ions, piv txwv li atoms los yog molecules, uas rau ib co yog vim li cas tau poob los yog tau electrons. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ntawm cov ntsuas ntawm qhov no yog rau hloov lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw, uas yuav cov ions. Raws li lub ntsiab txhais ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, peb yuav hais tsis xav hais tias thaum lub sij hawm decomposition ntawm lub zoo them ions yuav tsiv mus nyob rau lub zoo hwj chim qhov twg los, thiab zoo, tsis tooj mus rau qhov tsis zoo.

Lub decomposition txheej txheem kev daws teeb meem lwg me me mus rau hauv zoo thiab tsis zoo ions tau nyob rau hauv Science title electrolytic dissociation. Yog li, lub fais tam sim no tshwm sim vim cov dej hais tias, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau tib lub hlau hlau, hloov cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov kua, uas ua nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej txheem ntawm tsiv ions.

Electric tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov dej, nws cov keeb kwm, ob qho tib si ntau thiab zoo yam ntxwv tau ib tug loj teeb meem, uas tau ntev koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus naas ej physicist Michael Faraday. Nyob rau hauv kev, los ntawm heev heev thwmsim, nws twb tau los ua pov thawj hais tias tus loj ntawm electrolytic tshuaj yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm hluav taws xob thiab lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm uas tus electrolysis yog nqa tawm. Nyob rau lwm yam yog vim li cas, tsuas yog cov genus ntawm yeeb tshuaj, qhov no tsis yog nyob ntawm seb qhov loj.

Ntxiv mus, los ntawm kev kawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov dej, Faraday experimentally pom hais tias rau lub rho tawm ntawm ib kilogram tej yam khoom uas thaum lub sij hawm electrolysis yuav tsum yog tib tus naj npawb ntawm hluav taws xob nqi. Qhov no yog tus nqi sib npaug zos rau 9.65 • Lub Xya hli ntuj 10 mus rau., Tau lub npe ntawm Faraday.

Tsis zoo li cov hlau conductors, lub fais tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov dej yog surrounded los ntawm dej lwg me me, uas muaj nuj nqis complicate lub zog ntawm tus tshuaj ions. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, tej ntsha yuav tsim xwb ib tug me me tam sim no voltage. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, yog hais tias tus kub ntawm cov tshuaj qab, nws conductivity nce, thiab cov hluav taws xob field yuav tsub kom.

Electrolysis muaj lwm nthuav feature. Qhov no yog hais tias cov hniav lwj tshwm sim rau ib qho kev molecule rau hauv zoo thiab tsis zoo ions yog ntau dua, ntau dua qhov lub xov tooj ntawm molecules ntawm lub kuab thiab cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw nws tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ntawm tej taw tes nws los ion supersaturation ntawm cov tshuaj, whereupon cov tshuaj conductivity pib tsis kam. Yog li, qhov loj tshaj plaws electrolytic dissociation yuav muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug daws nyob qhov twg lub ion concentration yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj, tiam sis cov hluav taws xob tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv xws daws yog heev tsawg.

electrolysis txheej txheem yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam muaj productions feem xyuam rau cov electrochemical tshua. Cov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv muaj xws li kev npaj ntawm hlau ntawm ntsha ntsev electrolysis, tshuaj thiab nws cov derivatives, redox tshua yuav tsum tau rau xws tshuaj raws li hydrogen, polishing chaw electroplating. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ntau Enterprises, mechanical engineering thiab ntsuas heev txoj kev refining uas yog ib tug kev npaj ntawm ib tug hlau tsis muaj leej twg kiag impurities.