Duralumin - nws ... Duralumin: muaj pes tsawg leeg, zog, nqi

Duralumin - ib cov khoom uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab txhuas nrog alloying hais, uas nws xam nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov yaj hloov lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Mos thiab khaub-ncaws nyias txhuas acquires load kuj, thaum ceev tag nrho cov zoo ntawm ib tug dawb huv caij.

lo foundations

Duralumin - yog ib tug txhuas hlau nrog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm tooj liab, uas twb muaj hnub nyoog ntawm ib tug tej yam kub nyob rau hauv dag tej yam kev mob. Cov ntaub ntawv uas twb yees ua nyob rau hauv 1903 los ntawm Alfred Wilm, uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug engineer nyob rau hauv lub German Hoobkas. Thaum lub sij hawm lub thwmsim nws tau pom ib tug qauv, paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm ntev kev. Nws pom hais tias thaum lub alloy ntawm txhuas thiab 4% tooj liab, thiab ces harden lub ua cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau ntawm lub ib tug kub ntawm + 500 ° C, ua raws li los ntawm ceev ceev txias thiab tuav ntawm chav tsev kub rau ob peb hnub, lub tau hlau uas muaj zog qhov tseem ceeb, thaum khaws cia rau hauv lub hnab yas zog lub ntsiab keeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, lub alloys tau npaj nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm additives uas ua rau kom lub dag lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Thaum lub tam sim no theem ntawm Anodized txhuas - ib tug siab zog hlau, uas, nyob ntawm seb lub hom, tej zaum yuav muaj xws li tooj liab, magnesium, pob zeb ntais, zinc thiab lwm tus neeg.

qauv

Neeg kho tshuab thaj chaw ntawm duralumin sau muaj cov - mus txog rau 370 MPa (lub dag lub zog ntawm ntshiab txhuas - 70-80 MPa), uas ua rau cov khoom uas cog noob nyob rau hauv ntau muaj teb. Aluminium hlau nrog rau cov tshuaj hais nyob rau hauv tej yam proportions rau txawv yam ntxwv ntawm lub resulting khoom. Lub hauv paus hlau muaj classic proportions ntawm cov khoom xyaw.

Duralumin qauv yog raws li nram no:

• Tooj (Cu) - 0.5% ntawm tag nrho cov ceeb thawj.
• Manganese (Mn) yog 0.5% hlau.
• Magnesium (Mg) - 1,5% yuag tag nrho.
• Silicon (Si) - 1,2%.
• Hlau (Fe) yog hais txog 0.1% ntawm lub nyob tus yeees.
• Aluminium (Al) - lub ntsiab yooj caij.

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm alloys

Muaj ob peb hom alloys, lwm yam tshaj li nws tus yam ntxwv.

Yuav ua li cas, ces, yuav ua los ntawm Anodized txhuas (muaj pes tsawg leeg, ligatures thiab zoo)?

• Aluminium + manganese (Al + Mg), txhuas + magnesium (Al + Mn), lub thib ob lub npe "magnaly" - yus kuj mus xeb, muaj kev kawm siab soldering, welding. Nws yog tsis zoo txiav. Lub alloys ntawm lub compositions tsis raug ntxiv hardening. Cov khoom siv los ua ib tug roj av kav, dab, tso tsheb hlau luam rau ntau lub hom phiaj, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm, thiab li ntawm. D.
• Aluminium + manganese + silicon (Al + Mg + Si), cov hlau twb muab lub npe "Avial". Cov khoom ntawm no muaj pes tsawg leeg duralumin - xeb kuj, lightness thiab lub zog ntawm cov welds, zoo grain. Hardening yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau ib tug kub ntawm + 515-525 ° C nrog sai txias nyob rau hauv dej (+ 20 ° C) rau 10 hnub. Lub ntsiab daim ntawv thov - cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv cov pwm tej yam kev mob, zus tau tej cov ntaub ntawv, qhov chaw, machinery nyob rau hauv aircraft, automotive kev lag luam, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no Avial xyoo kim steel nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov xov tooj txawb thiab lwm tus neeg.
• Aluminium + tooj liab + manganese (Al + Cu + Mg), los yog duralumin, - ib tug kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv uas, nyob ntawm seb cov kev xav tau kom tau qhov kawg zog, tus nqi ntawm txhua alloying caij yuav sib txawv. Cov hlau tau pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub aircraft lag luam, Aerospace kev lag luam, rau qhov siv thiab ua cov high-ceev tsheb nqaj hlau ( "Peregrine") thiab lwm tus neeg. Cov disadvantage ntawm lub alloy yog nws corrosive instability. Duralumin ntawv yuav tsum tau meej anti-xeb kev kho mob, uas yog tsuas yog ua los ntawm kev thov mus rau qhov chaw ntawm ntshiab txhuas.

daim ntawv thov

Duralumin - yog qhov tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv uas rau lub aircraft thiab qhov chaw kev lag luam. Tus thawj daim ntawv thov rau aircraft tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1911 thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ntawm airships. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st muaj ntau tshaj ib tug teb hom khaub-ncaws nyias thiab check khoom. Kom paub meej aircraft feem ntau siv hom D16T, uas muaj xws li cuaj ntawm co xws li titanium, npib tsib xee, etc., Thiab lub Ligature yog muaj li ntawm tooj liab, pob zeb ntais, magnesium. Tus nqi ntawm cov txhuas nyob rau hauv lub hlau yog tsuas yog siv rau tus qauv ntsiab lus - 93%.

Tsis yog txhua txhua alloys yog duralumin teb zoo rau welding, thiaj li muaj ntau cov khoom ua nrog rivets thiab lwm yam kev fasteners. Lub ntsiab muaj kev siv ntawm cov khoom tau ua aeronautics, automotive, tshuab cuab tam. Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog lub siab technology siv duralumin, piv txwv li, rau tej kev siv tej nkoj nquam ua los ntawm cov khoom no pab ntau tshaj 20 xyoo, thiab nrog zoo saib xyuas thiab kev tiv thaiv - thiab txawm ntev.

Nyob rau hauv shipbuilding ua los ntawm ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tau tsuas yog lub hulls, tab sis kuj yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm Internal lub cev qhov chaw, chav nyob. Kav ua los ntawm duralumin, tuab-walled thiab nyias-walled, yog siv rau qhov txhia chaw los ntawm cov vaj tse nyob thiab communal kev sib txuas lus rau cov roj pipelines. Kuav los tiag los xij siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev Siv.

Zoo thiab tsis zoo

Duralumin - ib tug hlau raws li txhuas, uas, raws li tej ntaub ntawv tau zoo. Cov lawv:

• High nqi ntawm zoo li qub zog.
• Ntev pab lub neej.
• Tsis tshua muaj kev ruaj khov rau kev puas tsuaj.
• Kuj mus ntau corrosive npuas, mechanical, thermal los.
• Adaptability rau weld ua hauj lwm (txhuas nyob hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv tsis zoo teb rau Vuam nqaws).
• Qhov loj tus naj npawb ntawm daim ntaub ntawv.

Muaj yog ib tug loj drawback, uas muaj ib tug duralumin - nws tus raug xeb puas tsuaj. Tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tas ntshiab txhuas clad los yog coated nrog ib tug primer, tiv thaiv rusting.

nqi

Yuav cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ncaj, nqi tsim nyob rau hauv lub tivthaiv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsim uas tsis yog-ferrous co, tsim txhuas. Tus nqi yog nyob ntawm ntau yam, nyob rau hauv particular rau lub hom ntawm cov khoom, ntim, tus me nyuam thiab lwm yam tej yam kev mob. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus yog yuam ua hauj lwm kom meej txog cov feem pua ntawm cov hlau, raws li GOST, kev kawm ntawv.

Nqi ntawm cov khoom los ntawm duralumin (Area, yeeb nkab, daim ntawv) pib los ntawm 580 rubles ib kilogram. Nrog ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub Scope ntawm mov nqi rau ib tuj ntawm alloy yeeb nkab yog hais txog 510 txhiab rubles. Dural voj voog pib nyob rau hauv nqe ntawm 250 rubles ib kilogram. Circle - cim workpiece khoom, uas nws tus ntoo khaub lig seem yog ib lub voj voog ntawm qhov ntau loj, cov khoom ntev yog 3 meters.