Domenico Trezzini: ib tug biography ntawm cov thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm Petersburg

Tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm St. Petersburg Domenico Andrea Trezzini siv ib tug ntev lub neej. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tau pom ib lub tsev tshiab, thiab cov tsev neeg lub npe. Nws tsim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg ib tug xov tooj ntawm tseem ceeb architectural lug uas tau tus Lavxias teb sab architecture nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Thiab nws lub npe yog tam sim no feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm cov teeb meem uas cov menyuam kawm tso rau to taub tej "li cas compasses yuav Peter Lopushin thiab Domenico Trezzini." Tab sis lub biography ntawm kes duab lub vajtse - yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm.

Childhood thiab Tsev Neeg

Lub neej thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog nws thaum yau Domenico Trezzini heev me ntsis yog paub. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug me me Swiss lub zos ntawm Astana, nyob ze Lugano Tessinsky canton nyob rau hauv 1670, ib tug ntau pes tsawg hnub yog tsis paub. Tsev neeg tuaj los ntawm Italian nom tswv cajceg ib zaug nyob rau hauv Trezzini. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm yug tus me nyuam tub, nws niam nws txiv nyob rau hauv Switzerland thiab muaj heev coj txhais tau tias. Tab sis tsev neeg yog zoo siab rau lawv lub hauv paus pib, thiab rau kev nkag mus rau lawv cov tsev twb muab tso rau lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab hauv lub daim ntawv ntawm ib tug St. Andrew tus ntoo khaub lig, lub Fabkis daim ntawv.

tsim

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Domenico Trezzini tsev neeg yog luv luv ntawm cov nyiaj, lawv tseem txiav txim siab los muab cov me nyuam tub ib tug kawm ntawv. Canton Ticino, uas yog ib lub tsev mus rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb los ntawm ltalis, nto moo rau nws artistic thiab architectural tsev kawm ntawv. Los ntawm no qhov chaw nws yog hais txog 150 haum zoo-paub nyob sab Europe architects. Yog li ntawd, cov tsev neeg Trezzini ntev puzzled tshaj yog dab tsi profession muab nws tus tub. Thaum nws ua tiav nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv zos tsev kawm ntawv, cov niam txiv txiav txim siab hais tias Domenico xav tau mus ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm kom tau ib tug dlej qhov chaw. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, Ltalis yog qhov chaw ntawm architectural kev kawm ntawv, muaj ob qhov chaw ntawm lub Center ntawm kev kawm ntawv rau architects: Rome thiab Venice. Txij li thaum Venice yog los ze zog thiab pheej yig dua, cov kev xaiv poob rau nws. Domenico mus los tau taub qhov profession nyob rau hauv lub zos no nyob rau hauv dej, thiab ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab tau txais cov coveted daim ntawv lees tias nws peev xwm. Tam sim no nws yog tsim nyog los nrhiav tau ib txoj hauj lwm.

Caw los ntawm Russia

Nyob rau hauv ltalis thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg Switzerland mus ua hauj lwm Domenico Trezzini tsis yog. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, lub Danish Korol Kristian tsib pib loj-scale siv - nws npaj los tsim kom tau tej chaw tiv thaiv nyob ib ncig ntawm Copenhagen. Thaum Domenico mus Denmark, muaj ib tug kev hloov ntawm tsoom fwv thiab lub vaj ntxwv tshiab Frederick lub plaub tsis xav mus ntiav Trezzini kev pab cuam. Tab sis Domenico tsis tau pom ib qho chaw thiab nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv tsis pub dhau 4 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, nruab nrab ntawm Denmark thiab Russia tub rog alliance twb xaus lus thiab ob peb Lavxias teb sab courtiers tau nyob rau hauv Copenhagen thiab saib rau ib tug kws rau qhov kev siv ntawm Peter lub Great. Lavxias teb sab Ambassador Andrey Izmailov nyob hais lus nrog budding kws kes duab vajtse, kws muaj txuj nyob rau hauv tej chaw tiv thaiv. Trezzini siab tshaj plaws cov nyiaj hli twb tau cog lus, "lifting" thiab cov kev them nyiaj sawv tom qab nws "yuav qhia lawv kos duab." Tag nrho cov no yog ntau tshaj li thaum, hluas kws kes duab vajtse thiab pom zoo mus rau ib qho txawv teb chaws xws li Russia.

defenses

Zog ntawm Guj kuj urgently xav tau chaw tiv thaiv yuav tiv thaiv tau lawv cov ciam teb rau lwm tiv thaiv cov Swedes. Tab sis tshwj xeeb ntawm xws li ib tug profile yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab yog li tsis hom phiaj thiab architects thiab engineers txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1703, ib tug waterway los ntawm Copenhagen rau Arkhangelsk mus Domenico Trezzini. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txais mus rau qhov chaw ntawm yug me nyuam ntawm St. Petersburg thiab tswm nyob rau hauv lub Greek hais sib haum. Nyob ntawm no thiab neeg txawv teb chaws yog txawv, raws li cov memoirs ntawm contemporaries, tsis muaj ib tug zoo dua Trezzini tsis paub yuav ua li cas los daws kom tau lawv cov kev tsis sib haum thiab muaj teeb meem. Thawj peb tes num, uas yog commissioned los ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse - Fort Kronshlot nyob rau hauv qhov dej ntawm tus Gulf of Finland. Nws nquag coj tshaj cov ua hauj lwm thiab rau ib tug ob peb lub hlis, dua li cov kws kes duab vajtse lub txawv txawv rau tus mob khaub thuas thiab txawv txawv hais lus, nws pab neeg muaj peev xwm yuav muab tso rau lub fort. Nws yog txawv txawv rau cov Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai ntawm daim ntawv thiab siv los ntau skeptical exclamations. Txawm li cas los, cov thawj nres ntawm lub Swedes pom tias Fort oboronosposoben thiab nws ho tsa Trezzini nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm Peter lub Great. Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub yeej nyob rau hauv Narva, Peter txiav txim siab los tsim muaj Triumphal koov nyob rau hauv lub caij ntawm lub Roman kev lig kev cai. Peb tes num nws commissioned Trezzini. Haib thiab pem hauv ntej lub rooj vag Trezzini tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "Peter", lawv tau ua ib tug tiag tiag monument ntawm Lavxias teb sab caj npab thiab yeej enjoyed cov Lavxias teb sab Tsar. Thiab nws tau ua ib tug rov qab mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv Trezzini St. Petersburg, thiab yuav ua li cas tsim kho ntawm lub fortress.

Peter thiab Paul fortress

Nyob rau Hare Island rau ob peb xyoo lawm ua hauj lwm - Peter thiab Paul Fortress tau tsa. Domenico Trezzini raug xa mus rau hloov cov neeg tuag kev tsim kho site saib xyuas Saxon engineer Johann Kirhenshteynu. Los ntawm lub sij hawm uas, lub ntsiab ntoo phab ntsa tau tsa, ib tug tshiab engineer tau ua kom tiav kev tsim kho rau kronverka policeman kob, coj cov fortified phab ntsa, nrhiav ib txoj kev los txo cov load rau hauv lub strengthening ntawm nthwv dej thaum lub sij hawm dej nyab thiab sieges. Domenico nteg cov thawj pob zeb ntawm lub cib ntsa thiab nquag koom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Peter thiab Paul Fortress ces nws yuav tau hu ua lub tsev loj ntawm nws lub neej. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Peter lub fortress tsa rooj vag "nyob rau hauv lub caij ntawm Narva", kev tsa phab ntsa, txhim tsa lub hmoov magazine, barracks. Tag nrho cov no yog ua li cas tiag soundly thiab monumental. Tus huab tais feem ntau mus xyuas qhov kev siv ntawm qhov chaw thiab yog txaus siab nrog nws kawm. Trezzini ntxiv dag zog rau lawv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab lub tsev hais plaub.

Trezzini thiab Northern Capital

Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm loj tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub fortress ntawm Domenico Trezzini, uas nws biography yog tam sim no mus ib txhis txuas nrog Russia, tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim rau qhov kev npaj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub nroog. Vaj tse ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub sij hawm uas tseem tsawg, tab sis cov nuj nqis muab cov breadth thiab grandeur ntawm conception. Tau Pib kes duab vajtse poob rau lub "ntoo" lub sij hawm ntawm lub nroog, nws tsis pub tus tswv siab qhia lawv lub peev xwm, tsis tau nws siv los xav thiab tsim nyob rau hauv pob zeb. Nws twb muab ntau txoj hauj lwm uas nws tau nrog zoo lub luag hauj lwm. Tab sis Petus tsis txaus siab rau lawv cov lus cog tseg, nws yeej tsis tsa cov kws kes duab vajtse nyiaj hli, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv thaum pib thiab cov lus cog tseg. Trezzini tab sis yeej tsis yws yws, tab sis tej zaum timidly nug txhim khu kev them nyiaj. Tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev kho ntawm lub fortress kes duab vajtse yuav tsum koom txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub neej. Tab sis dua li no, tus huab tais tau tso rau ntawm nws thiab lwm yam teebmeem hauv nroog hais tias tus engineer tau txiav txim siab los hwm. Ua ntej, tsis yog ib tug tub rog peb tes num ntawm kes duab lub vajtse los ua ib tug lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv lub fortress. Tom qab ntawd, nws pib mus koom nyob rau hauv civil engineering thiab tau muab tso rau ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab thiab lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau qaum teb capital.

Peter thiab Paul Cathedral

Nyob rau hauv 1712 Domenico Trezzini pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib qhov project ntawm Peter thiab Paul cathedral pob zeb es tsis txhob ntawm cov ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj. Raws li ib qhov project ntawm ib lub pob zeb fortress, lub tsev teev ntuj los ua ib lo lus tshiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab architecture. Thaum lub tuam tsev tau muab ib tug heev loj teeb meem: nws tau ua ib lub cim ntawm lub tshiab Russia, lub plawv ntawm St. Petersburg. Cathedral nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yog ib feem ntawm lub nroog mus txog rau thaum 2012 thiab tseem yog ib tug loj kos npe rau ntawm lub Petersburg zeem muag. Nyob rau hauv lub architectural kev txiav txim zoo Cathedral - Kiag li Western European siv. Nws zoo li yog nruj thiab laconic, yeej los ntawm ib tug multi-tiered tswb ntauwd. Tag nrho cov splendor uas nyob sab hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub imperial qhov ntxa thiab zoo kawg li gilded iconostasis. Lub sab hauv tsa lub feem ntau luxurious staterooms muaj koob muaj npe lag. Trezzini muaj peev xwm kom paub lub tswv yim ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm Peter - ib tug aspiration rau lub dag lub zog thiab qhov siab ntawm tus ntsuj plig.

Vasilevsky kob

Kws kes duab vajtse Domenico Trezzini nyob rau hauv 1715 los mus tsim ib lub hom phiaj ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Vasilyevsky Island. Feem ntau ntawm cov vaj tse nyob rau hauv nws cov tej yaam num tsis tau fwm, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem tib lub tswv yim. Peter xav mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm tus thawj tswj peb lub hlis twg ntawm nws cov tshiab tsoom fwv, thiab kom Trezzini npaj rau cov chav no. Niaj hnub no, lub Kaum Ob tug Colleges tsev, tsim los ntawm Trezzini, yog ib tug qauv ntawm Peter lub baroque, lub progenitor ntawm uas yog tus Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse Swiss-Italian qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv nws project rau cov kob nws ua tau Gostiny Dvor, tsis nyob mus txog rau peb hnub.

tus kheej lub tsev

Peter hais kes duab lub vajtse los tsim kom tau cov thawj pob zeb lub tsev rau nyob thiab mus nyob rau hauv nws "piv txwv li." Lub tsev twb nyob rau lub embankment ntawm Vasilyevsky Island thiab los ua ib tug "qauv project", rau cov uas tus qauv yog nqa tawm ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd St. Petersburg siv. Nws yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub Petrine Baroque, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm ib txoj kev npaj, rationality, kev cai-ua ke qhov chaw nrog Baroque hais, kom yus hnav zoo thiab laconic sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov vaj tse. Lub tsev tom qab underwent ib tug me me restructuring, tab sis hnub no yog ib cov nyiaj uas lub tsev kawm ntawv Embankment.

Vaj tse nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg

Domenico Trezzini nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg ua ob peb vaj tse, ib txhia ntawm lawv tsis nyob mus txog rau lub hnub tam sim no. Tab sis koj yuav saib tau lub breadth ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse nyob rau hauv lub fortress, nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm Vasilyevsky Island thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov promenade, lub caij ntuj sov Palace ntawm Peter Kuv nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov vaj, lub complex ntawm lub Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Nyob rau hauv 1726 nws tau pib kawm cov expansion ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace ntawm huab tais Peter ntawm lub caij ntuj no kwj dej, ua lub thib ob lub tsev ntawm lub tsev. Trezzini kuj koom nyob rau hauv tsim thiab kev siv ntawm cov Galley Chaw nres nkoj.

Nyhuv on Trezini Lavxias teb sab architecture

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab nroog loj hlob uas tau pab los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv teb chaws architects xws li Domenico Trezzini. Attractions Petersburg lom zem ntau tau txais nws cov tsos ua tsaug rau nws lub tswv yim. Nws pib ua xav nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab av nyob rau hauv cov European kev lig kev cai. Ntawm chav kawm, nws kawm cov ntsiab cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture, tab sis ntau npaum li cas ntawm lawv hloov. Thiab niaj hnub no li cas Petersburg zoo li Europeans, yog lom zem ntau vim Trezzini. Nws kuj coj li tus neeg zoo tshaj Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse M. Zemtsov, uas tau ua ib tug ntau rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws architecture thiab cov tsos ntawm St. Petersburg.

tus kheej

Trezzini yuav txiv peb lub sij hawm. Tus thawj lub sij hawm nws yuav xav paub ntxiv txog txoj kev los ntawm Venice rau Switzerland. Nyob rau hauv lub sib yuav nws muaj peb cov ntxhais. Tab sis nws tus poj niam nws yog nyob rau hauv Russia txhais tes. On thib ob tus poj niam ntawm kes duab lub vajtse yog tsis paub, tab sis nyob rau hauv no kev sib yuav nws los ua tus ntev-awaited tus tub Peter (Pietro), uas nws godfather yog tus huab tais Peter lub Great. Pietro tom qab ua ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, thiab yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia, nrog M. Zemtsov. Qhov thib peb kev sib yuav yog tus coos thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kws kes duab vajtse. Maria Carlotta - tus poj niam ntawm Domenico Trezzini, uas nyob nrog nws kom txog thaum nws tuag, muab yug mus rau lub vajtse tus ntxhais thiab plaub tug tub.

Legacy thiab nco

Kom txog rau thaum hnub no dim 16 vaj tse Domenico Trezzini nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tab sis nws lub ntsiab legacy - ib tug layout ntawm Vasilyevsky Island thiab tsim los ntawm sab qaum teb capital saib. Tab sis lub Russians twb tsis heev thov ua tsaug, thiab lub npe ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse muaj tej ob peb vuag ntawm oblivion. Tus thawj tshwm sim tom qab nws tuag tas thiab ntawd kub ntev li yuav luag 100 xyoo. Hais txog txog nws thaum lawv pib los ib co ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm St. Petersburg vaj tse. Ces tsis nco qab txog nws dua rau 30 xyoo. Surge ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov creation ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Art. Ib zaug ntxiv, nws lub npe mus rau hauv oblivion rau plaub xyoo lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 19th caug xyoo nws yog nce txog, kawm nws style designs. Niaj hnub no lub npe yog inscribed Trezzini nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phau ntawv rau Lavxias teb sab architecture. Thaum tseem feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv Russia ib zaug dua pib yuav tsum nco ntsoov nws lub npe. Thaj, los kho qhov no tsis ncaj ncees, nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv muaj ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv uas Peter Lopushin thiab Domenico Trezzini khw. Yog li ntawd, obviously, qhov teeb meem yog solved los ua kom muaj kev txaus siab ntawm cov hluas tiam nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws thiab nws cov kab lis kev cai. Dua li ntawm qhov cuab kev merits ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse, nyob rau hauv Russia tseem muaj nws lub npe tsis tau rau npe txhua txoj kev los yog cheeb tsam, los yog txawm txoj kab. Thaum nyob hauv tsev nyob rau hauv Switzerland, kawm qhov twg nws ua neej nyob tau 17 xyoo, nyob rau hauv nws yawm, mus rau npe rau ib tug loj lub nroog loj. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th muaj ib lub tswv yim rau tebchaws ib monument Domenico Trezzini nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2014 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thaum kawg, muaj ib tug monument nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus eminent kws kes duab vajtse. Trezzini tsim yaam tshab hnub no yog ib feem ntawm lub yuav tsum tau kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture, vim hais tias tsis muaj nws cov tsos ntawm St. Petersburg thiab Russia yuav tau sib txawv.