Malevich tus ua hauj lwm ntau lub xyoo: cov hauj lwm, yees duab

Malevich tej hauj lwm sawv cev rau ib co ntawm cov feem ntau tseem ceeb ces paub daws teeb kos duab rau ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm. Founder ntawm Suprematism, Lavxias teb sab thiab Soviet artist nkag mus hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov kos duab keeb kwm nrog rau cov painting "Black Square", tab sis tsuas nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, nws ua hauj lwm tsis nres. Nrog lub npe nrov tshaj tej hauj lwm ntawm cov artist yuav tsum paub rau txhua kuaj txiv neej.

Theorists thiab cov kws kawm kos duab

Malevich lub chaw ua hauj lwm kom meej meej muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv tib neeg nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Cov artist yug nyob rau hauv Kiev nyob rau hauv 1879.

Raws li nws tus kheej zaj dabneeg nyob rau hauv nws autobiography, cov pej xeem exhibition ntawm cov artist pib nyob rau hauv Kursk nyob rau hauv 1898, txawm hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj documentary pov thawj rau qhov no yog tsis qhia.

Nyob rau hauv 1905 nws sim mus nkag rau hauv Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting. Txawm li cas los, nws twb tsis txais. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, Kursk Malevich tseem tsev neeg - nws tus poj niam thiab cov me nyuam Zgleyts Casimir. Nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej lub neej ib tug split, yog li ntawd tsis tsis txawm nkag mus hauv, Malevich tsis xav rov qab mus rau Kursk. Cov artist tswm nyob rau hauv Lefortovo nyob rau hauv lub artistic commune. Cov loj loj tsev neeg pleev kob Kurdyumova nyob txog 300 painters. Malevich nyob rau hauv lub commune rau rau lub hlis, tab sis, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub tsis tshua muaj neeg uas tsis muaj rents, cov nyiaj khiav tawm rau lub hlis tom qab, nws tseem yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau Kursk.

Thaum kawg, Malevich tsiv mus rau Moscow xwb nyob rau hauv 1907. Nws kawm cov chav kawm los ntawm Fedora Rerberga. Nyob rau hauv 1910 nws pib mus koom nyob rau hauv miv uas muaj tswv yim koom haum ntawm thaum ntxov avant-garde , "Jack ntawm Diamonds." Duab pib los mam, uas tau coj nws thoob ntiaj teb lub koob meej thiab paub.

"Suprematist Muaj pes tsawg leeg"

Nyob rau hauv 1916, lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Malevich twb zoo heev paub nyob rau hauv lub capital. "Suprematist Muaj pes tsawg leeg" zoo nkaus li thaum lub sij hawm. Nws yog sau nyob rau hauv cov roj rau canvas. Nyob rau hauv 2008 nws tau muag thaum auction, "Sotheby lub" rau $ 60 lab.

Thaum lub auction muab nws tej qub txeeg qub ntawm lub artist. Nyob rau hauv 1927, nws tau tso tawm kom pom nyob rau ntawm qhov exhibition nyob rau hauv Berlin.

Thaum lub qhib ntawm lub gallery twb sawv cev los ntawm nws cov Malevich nws tus kheej, tab sis tsis ntev nws yuav tsum tau rov qab, vim hais tias cov Soviet cov tub ceev xwm tsis txuas hnub nyoog nws visa txawv teb chaws. Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm nws yuav tsum tau tawm. Muaj txog 70. Lub luag hauj lwm raug tsa German kes duab vajtse Hugo Haring. Malevich twb yuav tsum rov qab mus rau hauv cov duab nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej, tab sis txawv teb chaws nws yeej tsis rov tso.

Cia li ua ntej nws tuag, Haring dhau tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm ntawm Malevich, uas khaws cia nyob rau hauv nws ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Amsterdam Tsev khaws puav pheej (kuj hu ua Steleleyk Tsev khaws puav pheej). Hering tau xaus ib daim ntawv cog lus, raws li uas txhua txhua xyoo lub tsev khaws puav pheej yuav tsum tau rau 12 lub xyoo los them nws ib qhov nqi. Nws thiaj li, tam sim ntawd tom qab kes duab lub vajtse tuag, nws cov txheeb ze, ua qub txeeg qub teg, peb tau txais tag nrho cov nqi ntawm ib zaug. Yog li, lub "Suprematist Muaj pes tsawg leeg" ntaus cov me nyuam yaus ntawm tus Amsterdam City Museum.

Lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Malevich coj cov me nyuam no rov qab rau cov paintings, txij thaum lub 70-ies ntawm XX caug xyoo. Tab sis lawv twb tsis muaj kev vam meej.

Nyob rau hauv 2002 nyob ib leeg, 14 tej hauj lwm los ntawm lub Amsterdam tsev cia puav pheej tau hais nyob rau ntawm qhov exhibition "Kazimir Malevich. Suprematism." Nws twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub Guggenheim tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas. Malevich qub txeeg qub teg, ib txhia ntawm cov neeg uas yog pej xeem ntawm America, yuav tsum yog ib tug sib foob tawm tsam ib tug Dutch tsev cia puav pheej. Gallery Guide mus rau ib tug pre-mus sib hais daim ntawv cog lus. Raws li cov tau 5 ntawm 36 paintings los ntawm cov artist raug xa rov qab mus rau nws lub xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Es tsis txhob qub txeeg qub teg tsis kam ntxiv neeg pab leg ntaubntawv.

Daim duab no yog tseem lub kim tshaj plaws painting los ntawm Lavxias teb sab artist puas tau muag nyob rau ntawm auction.

"Black Square"

"Black Square" los ntawm Malevich yog ib tug ntawm nws feem ntau tham txog tej hauj lwm. Nws yog ib feem ntawm ib lub voj voog ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov artist, nplooj siab mus rau Suprematism. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws tshawb qhov ntxwv yooj yim ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub teeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub square, nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no triptych painting "Black Cross" thiab "Black vajvoog".

Painting Malevich wrote nyob rau hauv 1915. Cov ua hauj lwm twb ua rau qhov kawg exhibition ntawm lub Futurists. Malevich lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau "0,10" nyob rau hauv 1915 tau raug dai, li ntawd, yuav hais lus, nyob rau hauv lub "liab ces kaum". Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub icon twb muab tso "Black Square" yog feeb dai nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab huts. Qhov tseem mysterious thiab feem ntau txaus ntshai daim duab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting.

Peb tseem ceeb Suprematist nrhiav - square, tus ntoo khaub lig thiab kos lub voj voog, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav ntawm cov kos duab yog ib tug benchmark uas tsim kho lub ntxiv mob rau tag nrho cov Suprematist system. Nws yog rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yog yug los tshiab Suprematist cov ntaub ntawv.

Muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm artist sim dua mus nrhiav cov thawj version ntawm daim duab, yuav tsum tau tsis muaj tsev nyob nyob rau hauv lub saum toj txheej ntawm cov xim muaj hlau. Yog li, lub X-ray twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 2015. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws muaj kev tswj los mus cais ob tug xim dluab, uas tau nyob rau tib canvas. Nws yog Ameslikas twv kubofuturisticheskogo muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab saum toj no nws tseem yog protosuprematicheskaya. Tsuas yog ces tag nrho lawm ua tus sau cov dub kvardrat.

Zaum no kuj tau decipher lub inscription uas cov artist sab laug rau lub canvas. Cov no yog cov lus "sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Negroes nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti lub qhov tsua", uas xa mus rau tus naas ej daim duab cov kws txawj monochrome khoom Alfonsa Tag nrho, uas nws tsim nyob rau hauv 1882.

Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence lub npe ntawm tus exhibition, uas showcased lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Malevich. Duab los ntawm lub vernissage tseem yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov laus archives thiab txhua hnub ntawm lub sij hawm. Lub xub ntiag ntawm 10 tug lej tom qab qhia tias cov pob xov tooj ntawm cov los ntawm cov organizers. Tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog dab tsi yuav muab rau cov zaub "dub box" uas, raws li tus sau, yog yuav mus txo txhua yam rau zero.

peb square

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub "Black Square" nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Malevich yog ib tug ob peb ntawm cov geometric duab. Yog, thiab cov "Dub Square" yog chiv ib tug yooj yim daim duab peb sab. Nws twb tsis muaj kev cai nruj heev txoj cai ces kaum. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm tsuas yog tus geometry nws yog ib tug quadrangle, thiab tsis yog ib tug square. Art historians hais tias txhua yam uas tsis yog lub negligence ntawm tus sau, thiab nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm hauv paus ntsiab lus. Malevich sim los tsim lub zoo meej zoo lawm, uas yuav heev dynamic thiab mobile.

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob tug ua hauj lwm los ntawm Malevich - squares. Qhov no yog qhov "Liab Square" thiab "dawb Square". Cov painting "Liab Square" twb qhia nyob rau hauv lub avant-garde exhibition "0,10". Dawb square nyob rau hauv 1918. Thaum lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Malevich, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas niaj hnub no yog nyob rau hauv tej phau ntawv nyeem ntawm cov kos duab, muaj cov theem ntawm "dawb" lub sij hawm ntawm Suprematism.

"Mystic Suprematism"

Los ntawm 1920 mus rau xyoo 1922, Malevich tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub painting "Mystic Suprematism." Nws kuj hu ua "dub ntoo khaub lig rau ib tug liab dawb." Canvas xim nyob rau hauv cov roj rau canvas. Nws twb tseem muag rau ntawm lub auction, "Sotheby lub" rau yuav luag 37 txhiab dollars.

By thiab loj, lub painting nram no txoj hmoo ntawm "Suprematist tsim", uas twb tau hais. Nws kuj nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Amsterdam, thiab tsuas yog tom qab kev kho mob Malevich qub txeeg qub teg rau lub tsev hais plaub, lawv twb tau rov tsawg kawg yog ib feem ntawm lub paintings.

"Suprematism. 18 tsim"

Lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Malevich, cov duab nrog lub npe ntawm uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv tej phau ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab, nws qhev thiab koom cov xim.

Lwm nthuav painting - ib tug painting "Suprematism 18 siv.", Sau nyob rau hauv 1915. Thaum lub auction, "Sotheby lub" nws muag nyob rau hauv 2015 rau ze li ntawm $ 34 lab. Nws kuj nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov artist lub qub txeeg qub teg tom qab mus sib hais nrog lub Amsterdam City Museum.

Lwm daim duab, uas tsoo tuaj lub Dutch ua "Suprematism: picturesque realism footballer yeeb yuj loj nyob rau hauv lub plaub dimension.". Nws tau pom nws cov tswv nyob rau hauv 2011. Nws twb nrhiav tau los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Art nyob rau hauv Chicago rau tus nqi yeej tsis xav kom qhia rau cov pej xeem. Tab sis lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1913 - "Rooj thiab Room" yuav pom nyob rau ib tug loj exhibition ntawm Malevich nyob rau hauv lub Madrid gallery "Tate". Thiab cov painting twb tshaaj anonymously. Uas meant cov organizers - yog paub tsis meej. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv cov mob uas qhov tseeb tswv ntawm lub canvas xav nyob twj ywm tsis qhia npe, tshaj tawm tias cov painting yog nyob rau hauv ib tug private collection. Nws kuj siv ib tug fundamentally sib txawv hais.

"Suprematist Muaj pes tsawg leeg"

Lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Malevich, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm uas koj yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm yuav muab rau koj ib tug ncaj kom tiav thiab lub tswv yim ntshiab ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, tus qauv "Suprematist Muaj pes tsawg leeg" yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1919-1920. Nyob rau hauv 2000, nyob rau ntawm ib auction, "Phillips" nws muag rau $ 17 lab.

Qhov no txawv, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub yav dhau los, tom qab ncaim ntawm Malevich los ntawm Berlin mus rau lub Soviet Union, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nyob rau hauv 1935, nws coj tuaj rau lub US thawj coj ntawm lub New York Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Niaj hnub nimno Kos duab, Alfred Barr. 20 xyoo, nws tau tshaaj nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub exhibition "Cubism thiab Abstract Kos duab". Lub fact tias cov duab yuav tsum tau sai sai tawm - nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees los ntawm lub sij hawm lub Nazis tuaj rau lub hwj chim, Malevich lub chaw ua hauj lwm poob tawm ntawm haum. Nws Nazi superiors hais txog ib tug qauv ntawm "degenerate kos duab." Thawj thawj coj ntawm lub Hanover tsev cia puav pheej thaum hniav nyob rau hauv nws qab daus, thiab ces nyiag muab Barry, uas coj ib tug priceless ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States.

Nyob rau hauv 1999, lub tsev cia puav pheej New York tau rov qab mus rau lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Malevich daim duab no thiab ob peb ntawm nws cov duab tej hauj lwm.

Self-portrait ntawm lub artist

Nyob rau hauv 1910, Malevich pleev xim rau nws tus kheej-portrait. Nws yog ib tug ntawm peb ntawm nws tus kheej-portraits, pleev xim rau thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no. Nws yog zoo dua lub npe hu hais tias cov lwm yam ob yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub zos puas. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Malevich nyob rau hauv lub Tretyakov Gallery yuav pom.

Qhov thib peb tus kheej-portrait muag ntawm auction. Chiv, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug private sau los ntawm Georgiya Kostaki. Nyob rau hauv 2004, nyob rau ntawm ib auction, "Christie tus" nyob rau hauv London, ib tug self-portrait pom nws tus tswv cia li 162.000 phaus. Tag nrho cov, vim hais tias tom ntej no 35 xyoo, nws tus nqi zog los ntawm hais txog 35 sij hawm. Twb tau nyob rau 2015, lub canvas muag ntawm auction, "Sotheby lub" yuav luag 9 lab nyiaj daus las. Tseeb, muaj txiaj ntsim peev.

"Lub taub hau ntawm lub neeg pluag"

Yog hais tias peb tsom xam cov ua hauj lwm ntawm Malevich rau lub xyoo, yog tau mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug meej sib uas saib yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm tau hloov zuj zuj.

Ib tug piv txwv piv txwv ntawm no - cov duab "Lub taub hau ntawm ib tug neeg pluag," sau nyob rau hauv 1911. Nyob rau hauv 2014, nyob rau ntawm ib auction, "Sotheby lub" nyob rau hauv London nws mus nyob rau hauv lub rauj rau 3.5 lab nyiaj.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm cov neeg tuaj saib pom lub painting los ntawm Malevich nyob rau hauv 1912 nyob rau hauv "Zag tus Tsov tus tw" exhibition, uas tau raug tsa los ntawm Natalia Goncharova thiab Mihailom Larionovym. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug exhibition nyob rau hauv Berlin nyob rau hauv 1927. Tom qab ntawd nws muab nws mus rau Malevich Hugo Hering. Twb los ntawm nws nws dhau los ntawm qub txeeg qub teg rau nws tus poj niam thiab tus ntxhais. Hering qub txeeg qub teg muag cov painting xwb nyob rau hauv 1975, tom qab nws tuag.

Cov Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej

Lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Malevich nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej hais zoo heev. Ntawm no, tej zaum, nws yog ib lub richest sau los ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm no reformer thiab kawm kho nrog reverence, nws paintings cob rau feem ntau tsim txiaj qhov chaw.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov nyiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej niaj hnub no muaj txog 100 paintings, ntxiv rau tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li 40 graphics. Muaj ntau ntawm cov tshiab datings. Ntau tseeb. Lub uniqueness ntawm tus sau, nthuav tawm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej, yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov ua hauj lwm tsis yog ib tug ntau, lawv tseem npog lub widest tau ntau yam ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Hais raws li thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm, yuav luag tus thawj thwmsim nyob rau hauv nrag muaj tiag portraits thiab tom qab, uas tsis paub txog tus txhuam ntawm cov artist uas pleev xim rau "Black Square".

cov artist tuag

Kazimir Malevich tuag nyob rau hauv Leningrad nyob rau hauv 1935. Raws li nws lub siab nyiam, lub cev muab tso rau hauv lub hleb suprematic sawv cev ib tug ntoo khaub lig nrog ncav tes thiab cremated.