Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich - cosmonaut, Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich, uas nws biography yog piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm - cosmonaut, Colonel. Nws yog tus commander of "Soyuz-11" thiab orbital chaw nres tsheb "Salyut".

tsev neeg

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich (nws tsev neeg nyob hauv Odessa) yug rau hli ntuj 1, 1928 Nws yog tus tij laug ntawm Alexander. Leej Txiv Timofei Trofimovich, sab laug lub tsev neeg nyob rau hauv 1930, ua hauj lwm raws li tus thawj coj ntawm counterintelligence. So hauj lwm los ntawm qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv 1957, George niam, Maria A., kev tu me nyuam nyob ib leeg. Tsis muaj nyiaj txaus, thiab nws coj ib feem-lub sij hawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib lub zos khw raws li ib tug nqus tsev vacuum. Ces nws hais nyob rau hauv lub muag khoom Artillery School. Tij Laug Alexander yug nyob rau hauv 1946. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws kho tsheb nyob rau hauv lub trawl fleet.

thaum yau

Childhood George Timofeevich mus khawb trenches thiab courting raug mob fighters. Nws sim tau rau hauv ib co partisan pab pawg neeg, tab sis nws tsis noj, vim hais tias nws yog tseem hluas. Ces, ua ke nrog nws cov phooj ywg, xws li tub ntxhais hluas, lawv txiav txim siab los npaj nws tus kheej. Peb pom ib co riam phom. Machine hais mav faus nyob rau hauv lub hauv av, pistols thiab tes grenades laug ntawm lub tsev.

Tab sis lawv yog tracked cia. Los ntawm Dobrovolsky mam li nco dheev raided los ntawm tus tub ceev xwm nrog ib tug kev tshawb fawb kev cai thiab pom qhov riam phom. George twb puas tau raug ntes thiab raug txim mus rau 25 xyoos nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Mas vim hais tias txawm thaum lub sij hawm tsim txom tsis tau muab ib zaug xwb cov phooj ywg. Thiab lawv yog lub nqi zog, muaj txheej txheem nws txoj kev khiav. Thiab tsawg tshaj li ib lub hlis tom qab ntawd Odessa twb dim los ntawm cov Germans los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog.

tsim

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich kawm tiav los ntawm qib 6 nruab nrab lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Odessa. Ces, nyob rau hauv 1941, tsov rog tsoo tawm, thiab qhov kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau mus ib ntus cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv 1944, George T. thawj ntse dhau qhov kev xeem rau lub 7 thiab 8 kawm thiab tuaj koom lub 9, twb ces pauv mus rau lub Cua Dag Zog Yuam Special School. Nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1946 nws nkag mus hauv cov tub rog Chuguyivske aviauchilische ob xyoo tom qab. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo, nyob rau hauv 1950, nws tau txais lub profession ntawm fighter tsav ntawm lub thib ob degree.

Nws pib kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Cua Dag Zog Yuam. Dobrovolsky muab nws nrog ntxiv kev kawm ntawv. Nws kawm nyob rau University of Marxism-Leninism. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm high school nyob rau hauv 1952. Ces Gregory T. nkag mus hauv lub Air Force Academy (tam sim no lub BBA lawv. Gagarin) rau deb kev kawm. Tiav lawm nws, nws yuav qhib ib tug hais kom-thiab-neeg ua hauj lwm tshwj xeeb.

Muab nyob rau hauv cov tub rog

Txij li thaum 1950, Dobrovolsky tau txais kev pab thawj yooj yim tsav. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws los ua ib tug senior. Nws twb cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub 965 tso kom muaj kab muaj kev 123rd Fighter Cua kws muaj txuj ci Division. Nyob rau hauv 1952 nws nkag mus hauv lub 71 th Fighter Cua Corps. Txij li thaum 1955, George T. raug tsa deputy squadron commander rau kev nom kev tswv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub tib lub xyoo - commander. Nyob rau hauv 1960 nws tau raug tsa co-neeg tsav tsheb thiab tus Thawj Tub Ceev. Squadron commander. Ib xyoo tom qab nws tau raug tsa taub hau ntawm cov nom tswv department. Nyob rau hauv 1962, Dobrovolskiy Georgiy Timofeevich ntaus lub npe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws commanders ntawm huab cua mus.

Kev kawm ntawv astronaut

Nyob rau hauv 1962, tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm cov cua Force Academy, Dobrovolsky underwent ib tug kev xeem nyob rau Central tshawb fawb aviagospitale. Medical-xyoo-laus commission tso cai Zatsepin rau hauv qhov chaw. Ib xyoo tom qab ntawd nws tuaj koom lub Cov Qib ntawm astronauts.

Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1963, ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv twb cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv thawj Msc. Ces ob xyoo nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb kev qhov chaw kawm. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub ib hlis ntuj 1965 George T. ntse dhau ntawv pov thawj astronaut Cua Dag Zog Yuam thiab kaum hnub tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug astronaut nyob rau hauv lub thib ob tub cheev xwm.

Txij thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg 1966 Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich twb kawm nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg. Kev kawm tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam flyby spacecraft "Soyuz 7K-L1" ntawm lub hli. Los ntawm 1967 mus 1968. Kev npaj rau ib tug sib ntaus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawd kub ntev li rau kev kawm tshwj xeeb "Pob zeb diamond". Nyob rau hauv 1971 nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub "salute" davhlau thaum lub sij hawm lub hli. George T. thiab npaj rau tus ncej ntawm commander, los hloov nws yog hais tias tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, Dobrovolsky tswj los theej tawm lub cosmonaut neeg coob ntawm "Soyuz-11". Qhov no pab pawg neeg muaj Volkov thiab V. Patsaev.

Cov neeg coob ntawm "Soyuz-11"

Cov neeg coob ntawm "Union-11" twb tsim maj. Qhov kawg ntawm 1960 nws ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw tsuas yog ob tug neeg nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Tab sis Americans thawj launched xwb peb. Lub Soviet Union tau txiav txim siab tsis mus poob qab, thiab tau pib tuaj tos cov neeg coob ntawm 3 cov neeg. Cov tub ntxhais muaj xws li Leonov, V.Kubasov thiab P. Kolodin. Tus thaub qab - Dobrovolsky, tus tub thiab tus hma.

Lub npe thiab lub xeem sib ntaus Dobrowolski

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich, uas nws tus poj niam yug nws ob tug ntxhais, mus ua lub motherland. Lub rau hli ntuj 4, 1971 lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub xeev Commission. Lub ntsiab neeg coob ntawm "Union-11" tau raug hloov nrog ib tug duplicate. Yog vim li cas - cov blackout nyob rau hauv lub ntsws ntawm V. Kubasova. Nws tau txib kom cov neeg coob Georgy Dobrovolsky. Lub rau hli ntuj 6, 1971 "Soyuz-11" nrog peb astronauts twb launched ntawm 7:55 am Moscow lub sij hawm.

Hnub tom qab ntawd, lub nkoj tau xyuam xim dock nrog lub chaw nres tsheb. Yog li ntawd thawj muaj ib tug manned kev tshawb fawb chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Dobrovolsky neeg coob ua ib tug lossis loj npaum li ntawm kev soj ntsuam ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tshuab thiab ua heev heev cov kev tshawb fawb thiab thwmsim. Lawv qhib zoo zeem muag rau geography, meteorology thiab geology, raws li zoo raws li rau dej hiav txwv kev tshawb fawb kev pab ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab nws cov nroj tsuag.

Lub davhlau ntawd kub ntev li 23 hnub. 18 teev. 21 min. thiab 43 sec. Ces muaj ib qho kev npaj txhij txog tragic kev huam yuaj uas tua tag nrho cov mej zeej ntawm lub ntoj ke mus kawm. Thaum lub sij hawm rov qab los ntawm lub nkoj mus rau lub chaw nres tsheb rau lub ntiaj teb nrog cov astronauts thawj tsoo lub kev twb kev txuas. Thaum "Soyuz-11" tsaws los ntawm cov aircraft kuv tau txais lub lifeless lub cev.

Cov kws kho mob sai txiav txim qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag - lub plawv nres. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho peb nyob hauv ib zaug. Yuav kom to taub yog vim li cas tom qab ntawd. Thiab ces tam sim ntawd resuscitation pab neeg sim mus rov qab mus astronauts mus rau lub neej. Qhov ntau uas lub cev kub yog ib txwm. Tab sis lub plawv thiab cov tsis khwv tau.

Qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag twb pom tom qab los ntawm deciphering "dub box". Nws twb pom tias nyob rau hauv ib tug altitude ntawm 150 km tshwm sim depressurization. Siab pib poob sharply, thiab twb yuav luag pes tsawg tom qab 40 vib nas this. 43 feeb tom qab lub thib ob depressurization tag nrho peb astronauts ib txhij nres lub plawv.

Raws li official cov ntaub ntawv, qhov ua rau - untimely qhib ntawm lub cua valve. Yuam kev nyob rau hauv spacecraft tsim. Installers spun rau nws, pob li qub, es tsis txhob ntawm yam quab yuam 90 kg - tag nrho ntawm 60 thiab 65 kg. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj ib tug zoo reboot uas ua hauj lwm li qub. Thiab lawv tsis tau withstand lub siab thiab crumbled. Lub nkoj tsim qhov txoj kab uas hla ntawm 20 mm. Astronauts thawj poob nco qab thaum lub 23 th thib ob. Thiab twb ces nres lawv lub siab lub ntsws.

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich. Tej lub neej: nws tus poj niam thiab cov me nyuam

George T. yuav txiv rau Lyudmila Timofyevna. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv. Thaum George thiab Ludmila muaj ob tug ntxhais. Ua ntej, Marina, yog tseem ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm lub MSU. Nws - English xib fwb. Ob txhais ntxhais - Natalia.

Lub npe thiab khoom plig

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero thiab lub Soviet cosmonaut nyob rau hauv 1971, tab sis tom qab nws tuag. Nws twb muab tsub lub "Kub Star" thiab "Rau cov tub rog Merit" thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin. Thaum lub sij hawm cov kev pab cuam Georgii Timofeevich tau tso xya Jubilee medals. Los ntawm 1972 mus rau tam sim hnub nyob rau hauv lub kev sib tw nyob rau hauv trampolining ua si ib tug tshwj xeeb khob Dobrovolsky. Nws tshauv muab cia rau hauv lub Kremlin phab ntsa.