Dimethyl ether - kawm roj rau diesel xyaw

Esters ntawm - derivatives ntawm alcohols, lub lwg me me uas ib tug hydrogen atom ntawm ib tug OH pab pawg neeg yog pawg rau ib tug carbon radical. Rau cov raug ester metamerism thiab isomerism hydrocarbon saw.

hydrocarbon saw isomerism yog vim nws branching.

Metamerism - hom isomerism nyob rau hauv uas ob los sis ntau esters muaj ib tug zoo li molecular mis tab sis txawv molecular qauv vim qhov sib txawv radicals rau ob tog ntawm lub oxygen "choj". Piv txwv li, lub molecular mis sau raws nkaus Ii peb S4N10O ester:

- CH3-O-CH (CH3) 2;

- CH3-O-C3H7;

- C2H5-O-C2H5.

Cov tshuaj yog npaj synthetically, xws li dimethyl ether. Cov mis ntawm no compound yog sawv cev los ntawm ob methyl radicals, uas yog interconnected oxygen "choj".

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov xwm ntawm tus esters nyob rau hauv lub dawb lub xeev tsis tshwm sim. Dimethyl thiab methyl ethyl esters, - roj cua. Cov tom ntej no ob peb cov neeg sawv cev - kua, thaum lub sij hawm ntau dua esters - khib nyiab. Lawv yog cov heev tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv dej, zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents. Nruab nrab cov neeg sawv cev (dipropyl, propiletilovy diethyl) - qhov tseem ceeb organic solvents. Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm cov organic tebchaw sib txawv nyob ntawm seb lub molecular ceeb thawj.

Dimethyl ether npaj ntawm

Piav ib yam khoom uas yog npaj meej soluble nyob rau hauv dej, ethanol, diethyl thiab dipropyl ether. Qhov no ester yog tau vim lub cev qhuav dej thiab methanol raws li ib tug byproduct ntawm zus tau tej cov methanol los ntawm CO thiab H2. Siv nyob rau hauv cov tub yees tshuab raws li ib tug refrigerant.

Nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej, diesel xyaw yuav tau kis tsis nyob rau cov roj, thiab dimethyl ether. Xws li ib tug reconstruction ntawm lawv nqi ntau pheej yig dua piv nrog rau kev hloov mus rau tej yam ntuj tso pa. Cov kev lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm cov xyaw yog cov US, Russia thiab Nyiv.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 21st caug xyoo, lub Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv txiav txim siab nyob rau kev siv ntawm lwm fuels nyob rau hauv txoj kev thauj. Dimethyl ether yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tsheb thauj khoom. Xws li ib tug radical kev txiav txim siab tau ua vim lub fact tias emissions ntawm nitrogen tebchaw los ntawm diesel xyaw ntsia tau rau hauv cov tsheb thauj khoom, nyob rau hauv lub tsim txwv ob peb lub sij hawm. Dimethyl ether yog zoo tagnrho rau no hom ntawm engine, lawv yuav luag tsis yuav tsum tau reconstructed. Tsuas yog los ntawm txoj kev siv cov tshiab lwm roj tshiab upgraded engine mus txog rau theem ntawm kev Euro-3 ecological.

Governments nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kaj siab lug uas yav tom ntej roj rau diesel xyaw yog dimethyl ether. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib yam tshuaj ua tsuas yog los ntawm refining nkev. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm tus txheej txheem lends nws tus kheej rau reforming natural gas, li no ua ib tug synthesis roj. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv methyl haus dej cawv. Ntxiv amenable methanol lub cev qhuav dej, li no muab dimethyl ether. Muaj lwm txoj kev rau synthesis ntawm hais tias ester - ncaj qha hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm synthesis roj rau methanol.

Esters piv rau diesel roj muaj nws zoo thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov ester molecules uas ploj lawm "carbon-carbon" daim ntawv cog lus. Vim lub loj oxygen cov ntsiab lus nws muab zoo atomization los ntawm txhaj cua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nrog ib tug kub t siab kub tshuaj nws tus kheej. Cov yam ntxwv txhim kho combustion. Los ntawm kev siv ntawm no lwm roj tsawg engine nrov nrov, nws tsub kom nws muaj kev cia siab.

Lub ntsiab disadvantages ntawm no ester xws li qis calorific nqi thiab ib tug tsawg dua ceev. Tag nrho cov no ua rau yus mus rau ib qho kev nce rau hauv kev noj roj. Qhov no teeb meem yog txom nyem heev lubricating zog.