Depleted uranium: kev piav qhia thiab daim ntawv thov

Hu depleted uranium, uas muaj feem ntau ntawm cov isotope U-238. Nws twb xub ua nyob rau hauv 1940 nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib tug los ntawm-cov khoom ntawm tej yam ntuj tso uranium nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua nuclear roj thiab mos txwv.

Yuav ua li cas yog

Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau depleted uranium? Tshwj xeeb tuam txhab uas muag yog tsis muaj teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv nuclear reactors thiab siv tej yam ntuj tso U-235. By pom ib tug uranium isotope sib cais los ntawm ceeb thawj. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm U-235 thiab U-234 yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov khoom. Cov no OS uas nws radioactivity yog tsis siab dhau heev lawm. Rau qhov ntsuas no, nws yog ua tsis tau zoo txawm uranium ore, uas Soviet geologists ib zaug ris lub hnab ev khoom.

Depleted uranium: daim ntawv thov

Du yuav siv tau ob qho tib si rau kev thaj yeeb lub hom phiaj thiab rau zus tau tej cov mos txwv. Qho lawv khwv tau nws feem ntau vim hais tias ntawm nws cov high ceev (19.1 g / cm ^3). Heev feem ntau nws yog siv, piv txwv li, raws li ib tug counterweight nyob rau hauv cuaj luaj thiab aircraft. Lwm cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom siv no yog dav siv, yog tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub op-amp yog siv mas rau zus tau tej cov tawg txoj kev kho pab kiag li lawm. Thov cov khoom siv no thiab raws li ib tug tawg tiv thaiv, rau piv txwv, nyob rau hauv radiography khoom.

Cov tub rog kev lag luam uranium yog feem ntau siv rau qhov siv thiab ua armor daim hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov mos txwv thiab txawm nuclear warheads. Nyob rau hauv no cov thawj lub sij hawm nws yog siv raws li US cov tub rog. US Engineers guessed hloov nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov cores BTS kim hlau tungsten. Tus taw tes yog hais tias depleted uranium kav zoo heev nyob rau hauv ceev. Yog li cores ua therefrom, raug nqi peb zaug pheej yig dua tshaj tungsten.

Nta ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm munitions nrog noj mov uranium

Ib tug kom zoo dua ntawm lub OS raws li cov tub ntxhais mos txwv yog hais tias nws yog muaj peev xwm mus nthawv zes raws li qhov feem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no me me tawg tsam ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv huab cua thiab zes combustible ntaub ntawv tsis pub dhau lub armored tsheb los yog ua rau tawg mos txwv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, depleted uranium munitions muaj ib tug self-sharpening cov cuab yeej. Yog li ntawd, lub duas paub txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv huab tej yam kev mob xws zoo li yuav coj zoo lawm nthawv, uas lawv yuav kis tau los ntawm tag nrho cov obstacles muaj tsawg heev zog poob.

Uas siv xws munitions

Zoo li nrog depleted uranium siv los ntawm US rog nyob rau hauv ob peb ua tsov ua rog. Lawv twb xub siv nyob rau hauv Iraq nyob rau hauv 1991. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, lub US Army tau siv txog 14 txhiab. Tank zoo li uas qauv. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub tebchaws United States siv tau nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 300 tons ntawm du.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 21st century, NATO tau siv lub zoo li ntawm depleted uranium nyob rau hauv tsov rog tiv thaiv Yugoslavia. Ces nws coj mus rau ib tug loj thoob ntiaj teb scandal. Cov pej xeem kawm tau hais tias muaj ntau yam cov tub rog tau tsim mob cancer.

Neeg pab leg ntaubntawv hais txog cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm no hom ntawm riam phom tiv thaiv lub tebchaws United States Government tau sau ntawv tom qab cov tub rog tseem nyob rau hauv Iraq. Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv ces twb tsis txaus siab. Tsoom fwv xa mus rau lub fact tias ncaj pov thawj ntawm qhov teeb meem los ntawm du rau cov tib neeg lub cev yog tsis muaj.

Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 2001 UN Tshwj xeeb Commission tau soj ntsuam 11 tej yaam num, ntawm uas ntaus lub mos txwv nrog xws li rods. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, 8 ntawm lawv twb kis tus kab mob. Ntxiv mus, raws li tej hauj lwm, cov dej nyob rau hauv Kosovo yog kiag li unfit rau noj. Deactivation ntawm lub cheeb tsam tshawb fawb yuav raug nqi ob peb billion dollars.

Nyob rau hauv Iraq, zoo ib yam li cov kev tshawb fawb, hmoov tsis, tsis tau ua. Tab sis cov lus qhia txog cov neeg tom qab tua cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws no yeej muaj. Piv txwv li, 34 cov neeg tau tuag lawm cia li ua ntej pib ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Basra los ntawm cancer, tom qab nws - 644.

armor phaj

Lub OS tej zaum kuj yuav siv tau, thiab tag nrho ua tsaug rau nws cov high ceev rau kev tsim tank armor. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog los ib nrab txheej ntawm ob steel los xij. Armor ntawm depleted uranium siv, piv txwv li, nyob rau tso tsheb hlau luam thiab M1A2 M1A1HA Abrams. Cov yav tas twb kho tom qab 1998. Cov txheej txheem no muaj depleted uranium zoo li nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub nkoj thiab turret.

Cov nta. Tau cawv rau tib neeg lub cev

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub radioactivity ntawm depleted uranium yog tseem xam tau tias yog ib yam nkaus thiab txaus ntshai (ie. A., Ntawm lwm yam, yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ntev ib nrab lub neej) rau nkawd muaj ib tug nyhuv dejnum rau tib neeg lub cev, nws yeej tseem muab. UN tshawb fawb hais tias nws ntau eloquently.

Yog vim li cas tom qab firing xws zoo li vozrstaet tooj ntawm cov neeg mob cancer, peb pom tawm Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij Yablokov. Qhov no soj ntsuam yog chiv ntshiab tias nws yuav tej zaum yuav tsis tawg. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg nws muaj peev xwm mus kawm tau hais tias cov neeg zoo li nrog depleted uranium yuav tau tso tseg thiaj li hu ua tej hub tshuaj tsuag. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub ntsws ntawm ib tug txiv neej, qhov no tshuaj penetrates mus rau hauv lwm yam ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob, maj mam pib ntxiv nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab ob lub raum, uas leads mus rau kev loj hlob ntawm cancer.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub ib hlis ntuj 2001, tom qab nqa tawm kev tshawb nrhiav nyob rau hauv Kosovo, lub tebchaws United Nations Secretariat nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tub txib tau qhia cov lus ceeb toom ntawm depleted uranium rau tib neeg lub cev. Txawm li cas los, lub Pentagon tseem tseem hais rau txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw, xam cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub ntiaj teb Health Organization. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nws tseem siv nws lub riam phom raws li.

Raws li irradiation yuav tshwm sim

Uranium yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm txhua lub sij hawm. Txawm nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj ib qhov nqi ntawm nws (txog 90 g). Thaum kev sib cuag nrog du munitions rau hauv kev phem ntawm lawv tus txheeb ze muaj kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv no hais txog, ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm tseem tau txais me ntsis raug. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nram no mob:

• Los ntawm kev mus ntsib los yog sib thooj rau lub OS. Irradiation yuav, piv txwv li, tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam Tshuag mos txwv thaum nrhiav lawv nyob rau hauv tib lub tshuab, nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khib nyiab, tsim tom qab lub tawg, thiab hais txog. D. Cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub depleted uranium yog nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse. Txawm li cas los, tej zaum lub xeem meej mom yuav tsum ua txhaum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txoj kev pheej hmoo kis yog heev zog.

• Thaum noj los nqos los yog nqus du hais.

• Ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntshav. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov txhab uas ua los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg zoo li los yog tej cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov OS.

Lub LEEJ TWG tau tam sim no tsim raws li kev cai nyob rau hauv uranium. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yuav tau mus thov mus du. Yog li, lub pub txhua txhua hnub koob tshuaj uranium ntog mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj yog hais tias yuav 0.6 mg ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav. Marginal tus nqi ntawm ionizing tawg yog 1 m3v ib xyoo rau tib yam cov pej xeem thiab 20 m3v tsib xyoo rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tawg puag ncig (on nruab nrab).

recycling teeb meem

Thaum lub sij hawm tam sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tau sau loj loj stocks ntawm du. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub industrial technology ntawm nws tag nrho siv tsis tau tsim kom deb li deb. European tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv xws tej yam kev mob yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug heev yooj yim tswvyim. Kev lig kev cai, lawv tsuas xa los nyob rau hauv Russia rau ua. Meanwhile, xws li ib lub lag luam yog suav tias yog yuav txawm ntau kim tshaj qhov pov tseg cov nqi ntawm tus tshuaj thiab nws cia. Cov kev pab rau cov tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias tom qab doobogoscheniya cov teb chaws Europe rov xwb 10% ntawm cov mas raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia. 90% nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Raws li cov cai, kom los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws rau Russia yog tsis yooj yim sua. Yog xav tau nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, txawv teb chaws depleted uranium tsuas pauv mus rau tsoom fwv teb chaws cov tswv cuab. Rau hnub tim, Zog ntawm Guj kuj tau sau hais txog 800 txhiab. Tons ntawm xws pov tseg. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm 125 txhiab. Tons twb tau coj los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe.

U.S. OS ntshai li tej pov tseg. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub depleted uranium yog txhais raws li ib tug tseem ceeb lub zog raw cov ntaub ntawv, txig suited rau ceev reactors neurons.