Categorization ntawm thaj chaw nyob rau hluav taws thiab tawg tsis muaj: tch. Pawg ntawm cov thaj chaw rau hluav taws kub thiab tawg tsis muaj: piv txwv

Nyob rau hauv hnub no tus ntau lawm yog siv thiab siv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov thiab muaj ntaub ntawv heev. Uas twb muaj lawm ntau lawm kab yog taw qhia kom paub thaum ib tug kub ceev ntawm lub lag luam. Nce productivity ua rau ib qho kev nce rau hauv cov kev txwv rau ib qho tseem ceeb tsis xws li kub, siab, qhov ratio ntawm oxidant thiab roj Cheebtsam. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, ua lub peev xwm kev hem thawj ntawm explosions thiab hluav taws kub, puas dag zog yuam uas ua rau enormous khoom puas tsuaj, uas ua nyob rau hauv kev raug mob loj los yog kev tuag ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm qhauj. Raws li tus tsom xam ntawm loj xwm txheej thiab lawv qhov yuav tshwm yog tsis ceev mus rau lub kev tsim kho nws tus kheej ntawm lub qhauj lawv tus kheej, tab sis kuj mus rau lub surrounding thaj chaw. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm causality kev catastrophes tso cai rau koj nqa mus siv rau qhov tsim nyog tiv thaiv kev ntsuas, tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv lub lag luam los ntawm ntau lawm tshuab, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev tes num rau qhov tsim, kev npaj ntawm schemes thiab cov kev npaj, raws li zoo raws li thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv no lub moj khaum yog siv rau categorization ntawm thaj chaw tawg thiab hluav taws teeb meem. Xav txog qhov no faib nyob rau hauv kom meej.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Muab xam los ntawm qeb tawg thiab hluav taws yuav raug thaj chaw tso cai ib lub hom phiaj kev txiav txim ntawm lub zwj ceeb theem ntawm cov kev hem thawj ntawm kev catastrophes. Raws li cov kev tsis los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab substantiation ntawm lub koom haum thiab kev daws teeb meem. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, xyuas kom meej zoo lag luam chaw nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm tau kab mob zoo.

normative puag

Kom txuag tau tus lub neej, kev noj qab nyob, khoom teejtug uas yog kev cai lij choj koom haum, lub municipality thiab lub xeev hluav taws pom zoo los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws txoj cai lij choj tooj 123. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog txiav txim los ntawm tus yuam sij qhia ntawm kev cai nyob rau hauv no tus kheej. Lub normative ua teev cov yooj yim kev nyab xeeb uas yuav tsum tau rau cov chaw, uas muaj xws li - siv, vaj tse, cov chav, vaj tse, zus tau tej cov hluav taws-kev thiab general. Qhia txog cov kev cai ntawm lub hais tias txoj cai Code ntawm Xyaum. Nyob rau hauv raws li qhov no categorization yog ua li cas nyob rau thaj chaw tawg thiab hluav taws teeb meem. SP 12. 13130. 2009 formulates ib tug vib this cheeb tsam cais. Nws nyob rau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj uas yog siv los ntawm los yog nyob rau hauv lawv. Kws txawj kuj coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hauj txheej txheem. Raws li ib tug set ntawm cov kev cai txiav txim los ntawm cov qeb ntawm tawg thiab hluav taws tsis muaj ntawm warehouse thiab ntau lawm. Lub cheeb tsam rau lwm yam hom phiaj yuav tsis muab faib.

kev faib kev

Pawg ntawm cov thaj chaw rau tawg thiab hluav taws tsis muaj yog txiav txim nyob rau hauv raws li cov hom combustible cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lawv, lawv muaj nuj nqis thiab zog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tau muab los xav qhov chaw npaj kev daws teeb meem cheeb tsam thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lawv. Thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj muaj teev nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshwm sim tau thaum kuaj los yog muab xam txheej txheem kev kawm kev noj mus rau hauv tus account tus txheej xwm ntsuas (kub, siab thiab lwm tus). Tso Cai yog muab rau siv siv, officially luam tawm cov lus qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom ntawm tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd pub rau thov tau kev ntsuas rau mixtures ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj ntawm lub feem ntau txaus ntshai tivthaiv.

sib cais hauv paus ntsiab lus

Qeb Improvement ntawm tawg thiab hluav taws kev ruaj tsim kev noj mus rau hauv kev saib xyuas qhov kev huam yuaj yam, thiab qhov kawg thaj chaw ntawm lub pib khoom, cov khoom ntxwv, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv ib tug uas twb muaj lawm cais cov txheej txheem raws li cov ntsiab cai nram no .:

1. Recognition ntawm tau ntawm ntxawg (tej) hwj chim tsis ua hauj lwm.
2. Lub account naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tshuaj conducive mus rau tsim ntawm hmoov av los yog vapor mixtures endangering.
3. Noj rau hauv tus account lub zog ntawm cov raw cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm.

Los ntawm lub categorization ntawm thaj chaw rau tawg thiab hluav taws tsis muaj, cov kws txawj yuav tsum siv feem ntau unfavorable variant ntawm kev puas tsuaj los yog thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm hauj lwm ntawm kev siv technology tshiab systems thiab hais tias ua rau nws li. Tej ntsiab cai no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub yuav tsum uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li thaum lub sij hawm lub cais.

Categorization ntawm thaj chaw nyob rau hluav taws thiab tawg tsis muaj: SP

Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas thiab sib piv cov theem ntawm kev hem thawj thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv txhais tsib pawg thiab peb cov chav kawm ntawv. Cov nram qab no cov lus qhia tau hais tias lawv cov yam ntxwv.

Raws li cov pab pawg yog ua li cas categorization ntawm thaj chaw rau tawg thiab hluav taws teeb meem. Ntsiav tshuaj, nyob rau hauv qhov tsab xov xwm taw tes rau cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm tus kwv. Lawv yog ib tug tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau normative cov ntaub ntawv.

hais

Lub overpressure ua, uas yog 5 kPa raws li ib tug ntau ntsuas rau plua plav thiab pa mixtures. Qhov no xam yog tsis yog lub neej-tuag neeg ua hauj lwm. Pawg ntawm cov thaj chaw rau tawg thiab hluav taws kev ruaj B1-B4 yog txiav txim siv lub zog parameter. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev load (MJ / m2).

Categorization ntawm thaj chaw nyob rau hauv tawg thiab hluav taws kev ruaj (GOST)

Nyob rau hauv lub cais yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub cev thiab tshuaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj thiab lawv tsis:

1. combustibility pab pawg neeg.
2. Maximum siab nyob rau hauv lub tawg thiab nws tus nqi ntawm nce.
3. autoignition tej yam kev mob (kub).
4. Lub concentration ntawm ntau ntau kis ntawm hluav taws.
5. hlawv ceev.
6. Autoignition kub.
7. Pa index.
8. flashpoint.
9. Ignition zog (qis tshaj).
10. Qhov kub txwv rau nplaim taws tawm.
11. Lub peev xwm ntawm burning thiab exploding raws li qhov kev sib cuag nrog lwm lub tebchaw, oxygen, cov dej.
12. nplaim taws kub.
13. haus luam yeeb tiam coefficient.
14. Tsis muaj toxicity khoom tsim thaum lub sij hawm combustion ntawm polymeric tebchaw thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
15. Normative cov hluav taws kis.
16. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus Explosible Concentration ntawm cov pa.
17. hluav taws kub kis index.
18. ignition kub.
19. Phlegmatizing yam tsawg kawg nkaus concentration phlegmatizer.

Tus nab npawb ntawm tsis tsim nyog thiab txaus rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm tawg thiab hluav taws yuav raug cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lawv ua, manufacturing, cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los, tus tsim tawm teev lub TU thiab GOST. Qhov no muaj nuj nqi yuav ua tau tsim kev ruaj ntseg system ntawm qhov chaw.

faib tawm yam

Categorization ntawm vaj tse los ntawm tawg thiab hluav taws yuav raug yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no division:

1. Gases yog tshuaj nyob rau hauv uas lub meej vapor siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. 25 degrees. sib npaug zos los yog ntau dua 101,3 kPa.
2. Khoom ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug filament kub (melting point) ntau dua li 50 degrees. thiab tsis muaj nws nyob rau tag nrho cov.
3. Kua yog cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv uas lub roj nyeem vapor siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. 25 degrees. thiab ib tug siab ntawm tsawg tshaj li 101,3 kPa 101,3 kPa.
4. Dusts yog dispersed khib nyiab, ib tug particle loj nyob rau hauv uas - tsawg tshaj li 850 microns.

Ntsiab yam

Categorization ntawm vaj tse los ntawm tawg thiab hluav taws yuav raug yog nqa tawm cov nram qab no tej yam kev mob:

1. Noj rau hauv tus account lub feem ntau unfavorable los ntawm ib tug ntaus ntawv tsis ua hauj lwm.
2. Tag nrho tus txheem ntawm lub installation rau hauv lub chav tsev.
3. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau rau lub shutdown tshwm sim simultaneous to tshuaj los ntawm lub siab thiab suction pipelines.
4. Kwv yees lub sij hawm nres thaum lub ntau yam ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub automatic system yog tsis ntau tshaj li 10-6 ib xyoo los yog muab redundancy ntsiab. Nyob rau ib lub siab npaum li cas thaum lub sij hawm tsis siv neeg txiav - 120 vib nas this, phau ntawv chaw -. 300 sec.
5. Evaporation yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm tus nto ntawm lub spilled cov kua tsheb thiab tso tsheb hlau luam uas qhib daim iav thiab freshly pleev xim rau tej qhov chaw. Nws cheeb tsam no yog txiav txim los ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 liter rau ib 1 sq. m thaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm reference cov ntaub ntawv rau cov mixtures Performance index yog xam rau lub assumption tias 1 liter ntawm kua muaj 70% lossis tsawg dua kuab yog poured mus rau 0.5 sq. m.
6. Lub caij ntawm evaporation yog yuav tsum tau ib lub sij hawm ntawm tiav evaporation, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj li 3600 vib nas this.
7. Yog hais tias tus ntaus ntawv tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account nws loj plua tshauv hais tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Yog li pylenakoplenie saws nyob rau hauv raws li nrog rau tej lag luam tej yam kev mob.
8. Cov dawb ntim nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev yuav tsum noj sib npaug zos rau 80% ntawm tag nrho cov.

txoj kev rau kev txiav txim

Yuav ua li cas raws nraim li cas lub categorization ntawm tej qhov chaw los ntawm tawg thiab hluav taws kev ruaj? TKP 474-2013 - Code ntawm kev xyaum, formulates kev faib vib this. Ntau yam yog ua siv deterministic thiab probabilistic le caag. Nrog rau tom kawg yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account lub random xwm ntawm muaj xwm txheej ceev. Lub probabilistic txoj kev tso cai rau peb kwv yees qhov tseeb theem ntawm kev txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv dav dav thiab nyob rau hauv particular mob. Lub deterministic mus kom ze yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub quantitative tsom xam ntawm lub peev xwm lub zog tso nyiaj rov qab ntawm kev xwm txheej. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg feature ntawm cov hom kev kawm uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau hauv qeb ntawm thaj chaw rau tawg thiab hluav taws teeb meem. Case kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov siv mus kom ze yog yus muaj los ntawm qhov yuav tshwm ntawm tshwm sim ntawm cov kev huam yuaj, tsis suav ignition qhov twg los thiab yuav tshwm ntawm cov square.

kev Code

Nyob rau hauv raws li nws kev cai nqa tawm ib tug dav dav categorization ntawm thaj chaw rau tawg thiab hluav taws teeb meem. Coj mus rhaub tsis siv rau tej yam khoom, kev faib no yog ua raws li cai tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev tswj. Qhov kev sib cais, nqa tawm nyob rau hauv raws li cov code yuav tsum tau siv los formulate cov uas yuav tsum tau rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm chaw thaum npaj, kev txiav txim tus xov tooj ntawm storeys, ECW ntau thiab tsawg pab. compartments, khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg, installation ntawm engineering khoom, kev txaus sab ntawm constructive kev daws teeb meem thiab thiaj li nyob. Yuav tsum yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho tej yaam num, Modernization, reconstruction, kev re-khoom, raws li zoo raws li lub haum ntawm muaj dab ntau lawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev siv cov khoom.

Scope

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, lub sij lub pawg ntawm cov vaj tse los ntawm tawg thiab hluav taws kev ruaj? Piv txwv ntawm cov kev ua ub nyob rau hauv uas nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm lub faib nyob rau hauv lo lus nug, muaj xws li cov nram qab no:

1. Lag luam.
2. Design.
3. Hloov ntawm cov khoom.
4. Hloov technologies.
5. Reconstruction.
6. Hloov ntawm ntau lawm muaj peev xwm.

theem

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tsis yog txhua lub koom haum yuav siv lub categorization ntawm tej qhov chaw los ntawm tawg thiab hluav taws teeb meem. Daim ntawv tso cai - qhov yooj yim daim ntawv tso cai rau zus tau tej cov tej kev ua no. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm muaj ob theem. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem sau tus ntaub ntawv tsim nyog:

1. Qhov luaj li cas thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom.
2. Tsav cov khoom qhov chaw nyob (ua hauj lwm drawings).
3. Datasheet.
4. Kev cai.
5. Cov tsis thiab lub tswvyim ntawm lub cua system.
6. Tus qauv ntawm lub automatic tswj ntawm txoj kev tsis.
7. Scheme extinguishing system.
8. Lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

Yog hais tias lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm ntawm tus tsim theem, tus tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv coj los ntawm cov kev cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum lub thib ob theem, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muab xam rau ntawm cov pawg.

nta cai

kev cai formulated tom qab xyuas thiab tsim kom muaj pawg ntawm thaj chaw. Kev pab tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khoom no yog muab nyob rau hauv raws li lub xeev Standard. Nws yog ib, nyob rau hauv particular, yuav tsum tau muaj cov hluav taws kev tiv thaiv tshuab (SBS) thiab hluav taws kev tiv thaiv (SDR). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kev koom haum thiab kev ntsuas (OTM). State standardization Committee kuj formulates yuav tsum rau txoj kev los tiv thaiv cov MTP systems thiab SDR, uas qhia rau hauv categorization ntawm thaj chaw rau tawg thiab hluav taws teeb meem. NPB 105.03 (txoj cai kev cai) txiav txim yuav tsum rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tsuj tsev AOP (automatic nrhiav kom tau tshuab thiab extinguishing ignition). Cov kev cai no yog obligatory rau cov koom haum thiab Enterprises, tsis hais txog ntawm departmental koom thiab daim ntawv ntawm cov tswv cuab, raws li zoo raws li lub cev neeg. Hluav unit hom, siab zoo ntawm quenching txhais tau tias, ib txoj kev los mus tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws, lub hom ntawm cov khoom ntsia tau rau hauv raws li cov kev siv technology tshiab yam ntxwv ntawm tus tiv thaiv tus kwv. Qhov no yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account lub project hluav taws schemes thiab ntxawg uas yuav tsum tau. Chaw engineering nroj tsuag muaj zog dab thiab lwm yam khoom nyob rau hauv uas combustible ntaub ntawv yog tsis muaj, yuav txawm peem rau nrog AUOP thiab hluav unit. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg muaj ib tug hluav taws tswb, koj yuav tsum nruab ib qhov kev ruaj ntseg system. Thaum lub cheeb tsam kev kawm yuav tsum tau AUPT khoom, los ntawm 40% los yog ntau tshaj ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm lub plag tsev, nws yog tsim nyog los muab rau installation ntawm lub system raws li ib tug tag nrho ib ncig ntawm qhov kev siv. Rau vaj tse uas hais txog lub B1 qeb, S yog txo los ntawm 20%. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no B3 siv cheeb tsam no yog tso cai rau kom los ntawm tib lub npaum li cas.

xaus

Raws li kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias, feem ntau txaus los ntawm qhov nyuab thiab cov tub txawg muaj teeb meem categorization ntawm vaj tse thiab thaj chaw. Meanwhile competent thiab cov kws muaj txuj mus nrhiav kom tau cov pab pawg neeg kwv yog tseem ceeb heev thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab kev siv ntawm tej vaj tse. Yog hais tias lub chaw ua hauj lwm nqa tawm los ntawm categorizing nws yeej muaj tseeb, tag nrho cov teeb meem txog kev uas tshwm sim tom qab, yuav raug hais los ntwm kom zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws txoj cai lij choj tooj 69, txhua tus neeg saib xyuas yog kws lub luag hauj lwm ua raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm cov BOP. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub tuam txhab yuav tsum tau muab ib tug set ntawm lub koom haum thiab kev tiv thaiv tswj kom txhob muaj cov yuav ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm industrial cov chaw, lub neej thiab noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, preservation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntau lawm qhov tseem ceeb. Uas tsis nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau qhov tsim nyog ntsuas tej zaum yuav ua rau lawv redundancy los yog tsis muaj peev xwm. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav ua rau lub ineffectiveness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas cov nqi rau hluav taws kub tiv thaiv kev ntsuas.