Deciphering lub biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus (saib cov lus). Biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam: kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi

Txhua leej txhua tus xav paub yog hais tias nws muaj nrog noj qab haus huv. Ua li no, muaj ib tug system ntawm laboratory kev ntsuam xyuas, uas yog mus rau ib tug loj degree ntawm qhov tseeb yuav hais txog lub sij mob ntawm tus neeg mob. Ntawm cov feem ntau yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam, qhov no kuaj kev kuaj tej zaum yuav qhia muaj cov muab zais cov kab mob thiab yuav muab ib lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau paub txog lub xeev kev kho mob nyob rau hauv feem ntau.

Qhov no zoo ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yog xwm heev. Nws tsuas tsis pab kom paub tias tej yam kab mob, tab sis kuj muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi vitamins, minerals thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb heev tshuaj tsis nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Heev feem ntau, lub biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav (kev kawm cov qauv, seev suab paub rau txhua tus kws kho mob) muab rau ntes hnyuv kab mob, genitourinary system, gynecological teeb meem thiab ib tug xav tias Oncology.

Tab sis tsis txhob xav tias hais tias qhov no hom ntawm cov ntshav mus kuaj yog muab hauv tej kev tsis txaus siab. Txawm hais tias ib tug neeg mob pom tau tias txaus siab, ntshav biochemistry qhia thaum cov ntaub ntawv thiab thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm tus kab mob los yog tsis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj.

Yuav ua li cas yuav Analysis

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv rau txoj kev tshawb no muaj nws cov kev cai. Ua ntej koj yuav mus rau ib lub chaw kho mob rau qhov kev xeem no, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis txhob noj mov los yog haus dej haus, tsis txawm dej.

Rau kev soj ntsuam xyuas ti teg taw yuav siv sij hawm tus neeg mob 5 ml ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm cov cubital cov hlab ntsha. Tus qauv yog raug kev soj ntsuam, thiab cov kev tshwm sim yog nkag mus nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv no. Deciphering lub biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus (rooj qhia nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm) yog ib qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau tus kws kho mob. Nws yog tau muab ua tiav cov lus qhia txog tus mob ntawm tus neeg mob.

By lawv tus kheej, cov nuj nqis muab me ntsis cov lus qhia rau hauv daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiag tiag txaus siab rau qhov kev tshwm sim, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau rau muab piv cov qauv ntawm laboratory kev ntsuam xyuas. Biochemistry ntawm cov ntshav yuav ces kom meej.

Txhua yam ntawm cov kev rau tus tsom xam twb tsis muaj kom meej meej tseg qauv. Muaj tsawg kawg nkaus thiab siab tshaj plaws pub qhov tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov kev sojntsuam. Yog hais tias cov kev tshwm sim yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntau, tus neeg mob txawv txav tau pom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis muaj nuj nqis muaj kev txwv qhov tseem ceeb xa mus rau lub xub ntiag ntawm pathological kev hloov.

Deciphering lub biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov laus - ib lub rooj uas yog qhia los ntawm ib tug ncaj loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom. Cia peb xav txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev ntawm no kuaj txoj kev tshawb no.

albumin

Albumin - ib yam khoom uas muaj protein ntau cov xwm, uas yog nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub siab. Nws yog ib tug loj cov ntshav cov nqaijrog thiab secreted nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib pab pawg neeg, namely "protein feem". Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ratio ntawm xws pawg yog xwm heev rau tus kws kho mob. Heev feem ntau, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm albumin kws txiav txim plaub raum mob, muaj mob cancer los yog rheumatism.

Albumin yog dog dig txo nyob rau hauv cev xeeb tub thiab lactating cov poj niam, raws li zoo raws li haus luam yeeb. Qhov no proteinaceous tshuaj tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg concentration thaum fasting depleted protein noj cov zaub mov, hormonal tshuaj thiab contraceptives. Tus muaj zog tus nqi ntawm qhov kev xeem no yuav qhia hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm:

• pathologies ntawm mob thiab ntev xwm siab (mob npuas paug, kab mob siab, mob);
• kev raug mob thiab kub yus;
• sepsis, kab mob los yog suppuration;
• rheumatism;
• haus;
• lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm;
• cancer;
• tshuaj overdose.

Normative albumin nuj nqis yog:

tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog	Piv, g / l
cov me nyuam	37 - 53
mus rau 60 xyoo	36 - 51
advanced muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 60 xyoo thiab saum toj no	35 - 47

Tag nrho cov protein

Cov nqaijrog - ib tug polymeric khoom tsim los ntawm cov amino acids. Nyob rau hauv biochemistry lub sij hawm "tag nrho cov protein" xws li muaj tus nqi ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshiab thiab muaj albumin thiab globulins. Qhov ntsuas no yog tuav rau qhov mob ntawm daim siab kab mob, mob huam, cancer thiab nyob rau hauv mob loj heev hlawv kev raug mob. Ntau tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov protein ntau yuav seev suab biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, uas yog muab hauv qab lub rooj.

Hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob	Piv, g / l
cov me nyuam mos	48 - 73
mus txog 1 xyoo	45 - 71
1-4 xyoo	62 - 73
5-7 xyoo	51 - 77
Cov me nyuam los ntawm 8 mus rau 15 xyoo	59 - 75
neeg laus	65 - 84

Yog hais tias tus tsom xam tau underreporting ntawm cov nuj nqis, peb yuav hais rau nram qab no hais txog tus neeg mob tej teeb meem:

• kab mob;
• rheumatic kab mob;
• cancer.

Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, nyiaj tag nrho cov theem ntawm cov protein yog nrog los ntawm plab hnyuv rhuav txhua, raws plab thiab ntuav, kab mob cholera thiab mob kub yus.

Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tau no cov ntshav Science News for KIDS xeem txo, nws yuav tau hais li nram qab no cov kab mob:

• pathological phenomena nyob rau hauv lub siab uas ua rau ib tug txo ntawm protein ntau lawm los ntawm no lub cev;
• glomerulonephritis;
• pancreatitis;
• irregularities nyob rau hauv lub digestive ib ntsuj av.

Feem ntau, tag nrho cov protein poob nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas loj ntshav poob, mob kub nyhiab, raug mob thiab ntau yam inflammatory dab, raws li tau zoo raws li kev yoo mov thiab kuj zoo kawg ce.

C-reactive protein

Qhov no feem qhia o, kab mob, lub xub ntiag ntawm cab. Txij li thaum cov nuj nqi ntawm cov protein - lub mobilization ntawm kev tiv thaiv, nws concentration pib nce sharply thaum lub sij hawm lub manifestation ntawm lub cev txoj kev xav. Feem ntau, cov CRP concentration ntawm 0.5 mg / l.

Rau cov kws kho mob CRP tsom xam nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub mob ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob los yog kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zog ntawm qhov ntsuas no nws yog txiav txim rau cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm txoj kev kho. Kom CRP concentration cai nyob:

• rheumatism;
• cov kab mob ntawm lub digestive system;
• tuberculosis;
• myocardial infarction;
• cancer;
• meningitis;
• sepsis;
• mob tom qab phais.

CRP concentration yog muaj zog thaum lub sij hawm exacerbation ntawm tus kab mob.

glycosylated hemoglobin

Hemoglobin yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov thauj ntawm cov pa molecules thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Thaum lub sij hawm ntxiv rau xws protein molecules ntawm zib tau yam khoom uas hu glycated hemoglobin. Ib qho kev nce rau hauv nws cov concentration hauv cov ntshav - ib tug yog vim li cas rau neeg phem cov ntshav qab zib. Cov cai ntawm cov protein cov ntsiab lus - 4,1-6,6%. Lower cov nuj nqis yog nyob rau hauv ntev-lub sij hawm tsis pub khoom noj khoom haus thiab kuj zoo kawg ce.

myoglobin

Qhov no protein yog zoo li nyob rau hauv nuj nqi rau hemoglobin. Nws khoom siv oxygen mus rau lub plawv thiab skeletal leeg. Standards myoglobin, ug / l:

• poj niam - 13-75;
• txiv neej - 18-92,1.

Kom nyob rau hauv cov ntshav myoglobin hais tias:

• raum kab mob;
• myocardial infarction;
• kev raug mob, kub nyhiab;
• convulsive phenomena.

Myoglobin kuj yog loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si thiab kho nrog elekroimpulsov.

Qhov no cov ntshav protein tsawg thaum:

• polymyositis;
• myasthenia Heavy kev;
• mob caj dab rheumatoid;
• autoimmune tshua.

Transferrin, ferritin, ntshiab zhelezosvertyvayuschaya muaj peev xwm

Transferrin - ib tug protein lub luag hauj lwm rau cov thauj ntawm hlau. Cai nws txheem - 2,1-4,12 g / l. Nws concentration yog tsa nyob rau hauv cev xeeb tub cov poj niam thiab yog txo nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus.

Yog hais tias cov ntshav biochemistry tsom nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm transferrin, tej zaum nws yuav qhia cov nram qab no cov kab mob:

• o;
• kub nyhiab;
• cancer;
• mob npuas paug;
• tshaj hlau;
• hemochromatosis.

Nce transferrin qhia hlau tsis muaj peev xwm anemia.

Ferritin - ib tug protein uas yog pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kua nruab nrog cev thiab lub hlwb ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev. Nws qhia tau hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm hlau khw muag khoom noj. Normalized tsis muaj ferritin, ng / L nyob rau hauv cov ntshav nyob rau hauv pem teb thiab muaj:

• txiv neej - 21-252;
• poj niam - 11-122;

Thaum dua cov nqi nws yog tau hais lus ntawm qhov nram qab no pathologies:

• hemochromatosis nrog hlau overload;
• Oncology, leukemia;
• kab thiab inflammatory kab mob nyob rau hauv ib tug mob los yog mob;
• daim siab mob;

Tsis tshua muaj ferritin qhia lub xub ntiag ntawm anemia.

CSH qhia yuav ua li cas lub thwj toob ntawm hlau los transferrin. Yuav kom txiav txim seb qhov kev siv ntawm anemia tswvyim ntawm latent LSC. Tus nqi rau qhov no txog kev paub 22-61 mol / l. Nws txo yog nyob rau ntawm:

• kab mob siab;
• anemia.

Yuav txo tau ntawm lub CSH yog cai raws li nram qab no:

• kis kab mob;
• o;
• nephrosis;
• qaug;
• mob npuas paug;
• hemochromatosis thiab thalassemia.

rheumatoid tau

Cov tshuaj mus rau lub immunoglobulin hauv chav kawm ntawv G-lgG. Nws yog haiv neeg rau tib neeg lub cev cov nqaijrog uas mutated thiab pib paub txog hlwb ntawm ntau yam kabmob raws li txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov kab mob. Tej biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov laus rau qhov ntsuas no - 10.1 U / ml. Nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob uas muaj zog ntau ntawm cov protein nws los txog rau hauv qab no ailments:

• mob npuas paug;
• cancer;
• polymyositis;
• mob caj dab rheumatoid;
• dermatomyositis;
• kab mob;
• mauj lupus erythematosus.

enzymes

Deciphering lub biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, lub rooj yog muab rau tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes, kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub quantitative cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nram qab no enzymes:

• Amylase. Qhov no enzyme tso nrog cov qaub ncaug (diastase) thiab nyob rau hauv lub pancreas. Xeem hu ua pancreatic amylase. Diastase yus kev cai 29-101 U / L. Tau siab tshaj no daim duab qhia anomalies txiav, cholecystitis, mob peritonitis, mumps thiab ntshav qab zib. Pancreatic amylase yog dab tsi, yog hais tias nws yog nyob hauv 0-52 U / L. High concentration ntawm tham txog pathologies ntawm lub pancreas.
• Lactate dehydrogenase - lub enzyme uas yuav muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, lub concentration ntog. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam mos yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm LDH 2010 U / L, tom qab 12 xyoo, lub cai yog txo mus rau 252 U / L. Lub siab concentration ntawm no enzyme qhia hypoxia, mob thiab leeg tshav kab mob, lub siab, lub ntsws, thiab tej zaum yuav qhia cancer.
• Creatine kinase - ib qho enzyme uas muab rau cov nqaij ntshiv nrog lub zog. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no qhia tau hais tias lub biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav. Cov kev cai indexes ntawm no enzyme sib txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog thiab yog txivneej los pojniam. Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug me nyuam mos, qhov ntsuas no yog 650 U / L, cov neeg laus - txog 202 U / L.

Nce concentration ntawm CK hais txog lub plawv ailments, tetanus, hypothyroidism, central lub paj hlwb cov kab mob thiab mob cancer. Lub concentration ntawm cov enzyme yog txo lub sij hawm npag dystrophy ntseeg lawm xwb.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov no thiab lwm yam enzymes yuav muab ib lub tswv yim biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav. Biochemistry ntawm cov ntshav muaj peev xwm kuj qhia txog cov concentration ntawm cov nram qab no enzymes: alanine aminotransferase, gamma - GT, AST, esterase, phosphatase alkaline thiab lipase.

lipids

Lub ntsiab ntsuas cov ntshav biochemical tsom xam thiab lipids mmol / l:

• tag nrho cov roj uas txhaws, qhov txhia qhov ntawm 3,2-6,12;
• LDL, lub cai rau cov txiv neej - 2,26-4,81, rau cov poj niam - 1,9-4,51;
• HDL roj uas txhaws taus, qhov txhia qhov rau cov txiv neej 0,73-1,74 rau cov poj niam - 0,87-2,27.

Inflated nuj nqis ntawm cov kev hais lus hais txog cov kab mob ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha, ob lub raum, gout, pancreatic txawv txav, rog, anorexia thiab alcoholism. Txo lipid pov thawj ntawm anemia, lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, kab mob, mob npuas paug thiab lub siab ua cancer, cov kab mob ntawm lub ntsws.

carbohydrates

Rooj biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav, seev suab uas yog ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov neeg, kuj muaj cov lus qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm carbohydrates:

• Qabzib. Nws yog ib tug decisive zoo tshaj nyob rau hauv lub mob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib. Cai ntawm zib nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, mol / L yog: nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas - 3,34-5,6; neeg laus - 3,95-5,82; tom qab 60 xyoo - 6.4. Lub siab carbohydrate cov ntsiab lus ntawm no hais txog endocrine ailments, mob ntshav qab zib, mob plawv thiab mob stroke, cov kab mob ntawm lub pancreas thiab raum. Txo zib indicative ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tus mob huam, raug tshuaj lom thiab hypothyroidism.
• Fructosamine yog ib kauj nyob rau hauv qhov mob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab kev luj xyuas ntawm qhov zoo ntawm nws cov kev kho mob. Nws concentration txwv - 203-282 mmol / l. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm siab qhov tseem ceeb nws yog ib lub raum kev txawv txav, mob ntshav qab zib los yog hypothyroidism. Thaum uas tsis muaj ntau ntawm fructosamine cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hyperthyroidism thiab raum mob.

pigments

Cov lwm yam kev ntsuas nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm "cov ntshav biochemistry," koj yuav nrhiav tau lub cim "bilirubin". Nws yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv mmol / l thiab yog ib yam uas muaj ntau hom:

• Direct. Norma 0-3,32;
• Zuag qhia tag nrho. Cai 3,38-17,23.

Nce bilirubin qhia kev txawv txav ntawm lub siab thiab deficient nyob rau hauv vitamin _B12.

Lwm yam Cheebtsam ntawm cov ntshav Science News for KIDS

Txhua tus kws kho mob muaj ib lub tswv yim yuav ua li cas rau decipher lub biochemical tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav: qub (Cov lus: cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam) ntawm txhua tivthaiv uas yuav tsum tau mus ntsuam xyuas qhov mob ntawm tus neeg mob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov cheebtsam hauv daim ntawv teev cov kev tshwm sim ntawm laboratory kev tshawb fawb muaj xws li:

qhia	units ntawm kev ntsuas	cai
creatinine	mmol / l	mus txog ib xyoos - 17-36 los ntawm ib lub xyoo mus rau 14 xyoo - 28-61 poj niam - 52-98 txiv neej - 61-116
uric acid		mus txog rau 14 xyoo - 1,83-6,42 txiv neej - 210-420 poj niam - 151-352
urea	mmol l	mus txog rau 14 xyoo - 1,83-6,42 neeg laus 14-60 xyoo - 2,51-6,42 tom qab 60 xyoo - 2,91-7,52
poov tshuaj		mus txog ib lub xyoo - 4,12-5,31 1-14 xyoo - 3,42-4,72 neeg laus - 3,51-5,54
calcium		2,23-2,52
sodium		136-145
tshuaj		98-107
magnesium		0,63-1,12
phosphorus		mus rau 2 xyoo - 1,46-2,15 2-12 xyoo - 1,45-1,77 neeg laus 12-60 xyoo - 0,88-1,46 cov poj niam tom qab 60 xyoo - 0,9-1,33 tus txiv neej tom qab 60 xyoo - 0,73-1,22
hlau	mmol / l	mus txog ib lub xyoo - 7,22-17,92 1-14 xyoo - 9,03-21,52 poj niam - 9,0-30,4 txiv neej - 11,63-30,42
Witham B12	pg / ml	180-900
folic acid	ng / ml	3,1-18

Nyob rau hauv nrug muaj feem luj kev ua raws cai nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov ntshav Science News for KIDS, tas coj mus rau hauv tus account lub qauv ntawm txoj kev kuaj qhov chaw uas tus tsom xam twb tau. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua ib tug muaj tseeb mob, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau taw ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb.