Daniil Kharms: biography, cov hauj lwm

1928. Leningrad tsev ntawm Sau agitated muaj teeb meem kev hais lus hluas sau ntawv hu lawv tus kheej OBERIU. Lawv hais kwv huam sau dev paus, muab tso rau absurdist "Elizabeth BAM", thiab mus rau saum nws tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no pom mus rau lub mounting zaj duab xis nrog ib tug pheej title "Nqaij li". Chief cov oberiutov yog Daniil Kharms, uas nws biography yog qhov raug ntawm no tsab xov xwm.

thaum ntxov xyoo

Lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug yug Hlis ntuj nqeg 30, 1905. Propensity rau kev sau ntawv ua hauj lwm twb dhau txhob kaw rau Daniel, nws tus txiv, yog nyob rau hauv xov xwm nrog Chekhov thiab Tolstoy, twb paub tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv revolutionary kev ua ub no, tab sis kuj kuaj ntawm tus cwj mem, thiab nws niam yog ib tug noble los ntawm kev yug me nyuam, thiab yog nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm lub vaj tse. Luv luv biography Daniila Harmsa muaj xws li mention ntawm nws kev kawm zoo nyob rau hauv lub German tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub privileged. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig nws twb teev nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad elektrotehnikum, qhov twg nws lawb tawm mus nrog cov kab lus "cov neeg pluag tuaj kawm" ntseeg lawm xwb nyob rau hauv pej xeem tej hauj lwm. "

Lub hauv paus pib ntawm kev sau ntawv ua si

Thaum harms Daniil Ivanovich, uas nws biography yog qhov raug ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thiab hloov nws lub npe Yuvachev thaum kawg ntseeg nyob rau hauv nws lub peev xwm raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv? Tus thawj kev siv ntawm lub alias tshwm sim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub 1920 los. Lo lus teb rau npe "harms" (thiab nws muaj ntau variants, nrog lawv - Hharms, Haarms thiab tsis pom qhov twg grafted Karl Ivanovich) sim mus nrhiav heev heev dialects. Qhov tseem plausible yuav tsum paub txog lub analogy nrog lus Askiv thiab Fabkis. Yog hais tias tus thawj raug mob - yog lub "raug mob" nyob rau hauv lub thib ob lo lus txhais tau tias zoo li ib lub nplhaib, attractiveness.

Thaum txog lub harms sau nws thawj thawj kwv huam. Raws li ib tug yeej, nws xaiv Hlebnikova, los yog es nws nyob ze admirer A. Tufanov. Tom qab, lub "Kev txiav txim ntawm zaumnik" replenish xws li ib tug ntse kws sau paj lug li Daniil Kharms. Nws biography kuj qhia hais tias nyob rau hauv 1926 nws tuaj koom lub All-Lavxias teb sab Union ntawm Poets, qhov uas nws tau raug tshem tawm rau cov neeg tsis them nyiaj ntawm cov kev koom tes.

Oberiu

Tus thawj ib nrab ntawm cov 20s tau Kharms thiab Vvedensky paub Druskin, uas yog tus founder ntawm lub vajvoog ntawm "Chinar". Tom qab, muaj yuav, thiab Daniel, uas txiav txim siab los sib sau ua ke tag nrho cov "leftist" sau ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug lub npe, ib pab pawg neeg - Oberiu. Es no complex raws li ib tug tsiaj ntawv ntawm "Association ntawm tiag Art". Yuav ua li cas yog interesting, nyob rau hauv lub manifesto pab pawg neeg, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1928, lub tsev kawm ntawv "zaum" oberiuty tshaj tawm hais tias lub feem ntau siab phem rau nws. Harms renounced kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov lo lus, cov ib txwm ua si ntawm nonsense. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov pab pawg neeg yog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no qhov thiab npaj mus rau lub ntiaj teb no. Oberiuty nrhiav kom du dais qhov khoom los ntawm lub "txawj husks", kom nws ntau tiag tiag xaav. Qhov no siv tau ob qho tib si rau nws kom meej meej avant-garde thwmsim (kwv huam "Evil sau infidels", "Kuv hu zaj nkauj ..."), thiab ua hauj lwm los hnav ib humorous cim.

Nws piav txog harms thiab absurd tshwm sim nyob rau prose Miniatures zoo li "Blue Phau tooj 10", "Sonnet", "tumbling Laus poj niam." Raws li nws, qhov logic ntawm cov kos duab yuav tsum txawv los ntawm lub niaj hnub. Raws li ib qho piv txwv harms cites rooj plaub thaum lub artist, tsis tooj mus rau cov kev cai ntawm lub cev, ib txhia cov hniav ntawm lub cim tseem ceeb, uas, li cas los xij, tsis tiv thaiv peb, cov viewers, los qhuas cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov xwm xwm. Daniel thiab tsim ua txoj kev tej hauj lwm (e.g., lub aforementioned "Elizabeth lub Bam"), uas tau yooj yim haum nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus teb ntawm lwm yam thwmsim oberiutov.

Tej hauj lwm rau cov me nyuam

Yuav ua li cas yuav ntxiv tsim lub biography Daniila Harmsa? Rau cov me nyuam, nws pib mus rau sau nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 20s, kev sis koom teg nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov phau ntawv Magazine. Kuv ua hauj lwm muaj thiab lwm yam neeg Oberiu, tab sis, tsis zoo li lawv, harms lub luag hauj lwm tus cwj pwm mus rau lawv tam sim no txoj hauj lwm, uas tau ua lub siab ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm nws tsuas yog qhov nyiaj tau. Cov phau ntawv journal luam tawm kwv huam, lub kws sau paj lug puzzle, nws luam tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov phau ntawv ( "Cov thawj thiab thib ob", "Kev ua si" thiab thiaj on. D.). Ib txhia ntawm lawv twb txwv los yog tsis pom zoo rau pej xeem cov tsev qiv ntawv, thaum lwm tus neeg raug heev hlub cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

Harms nyob rau hauv 1930

Qhov no lub sij hawm yog tshwj xeeb yog nyuaj rau cov neeg sau ntawv uas yeej tsis xav kom muab tso rau nws txuj ci rau lub conveyor. Cov lawv yog Daniel harms. Biography (autobiography, es) ntawm lub sij hawm yuav nyob rau hauv lub tu siab kab ntawm cov paj huam "Nyob rau lub mus xyuas ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv lub tsev ...". Poet nrog surprise thiab indignation tim khawv hais tias nws cov phooj ywg txav tawm ntawm nws uas yog nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus txawj sau ntawv. Harms thawj raug ntes coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1931. Kev lig kev cai, cov kab lus hais txog cov dej num ntawm cov kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv, txawm hais tias lub yeej muaj tseeb vim li cas rau nws raug ntes tau mus txog rau lub Oberiu. Thaj, lub Soviet tsoom fwv yuav tsis zam txim rau nws rau shocking, dog dig zag antics tias characterize lub avant-garde kos duab - nws to taub hais tias Daniil Kharms. Biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub 30-ies ntawm txawv ideological ntsoog thiab pheej khoom deprivation. Txawm li cas los, nrog lawv pab nws mus rau nws ob tus poj niam - Marina Malich, uas nyob nrog lub kws sau paj lug mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej.

tuag

Tsov rog pib. Harms tau ntsib nws defeatism thiab unwillingness mus koom nyob rau hauv nws, rau cov uas nws twb puas tau raug ntes rau lub thib ob lub sij hawm. Kom tsis txhob tua, harms feigned insanity. Nws twb muab tso nyob rau hauv ib tug puas siab ntsws hauv tsev kho mob, qhov chaw uas nws tuag thaum lub sij hawm xwm txheej phem ntawm lub siege ntawm Leningrad. Yog li ntawd nws twb nws cov hauj lwm Daniil Kharms, biography thiab artistic cuab yeej cuab tam uas yog tam sim no ntawm loj txaus siab.