Dab tsi yog qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab vim li cas nws xav tau?

Teb cov lus nug, Dab tsi yog qhov chaw nres nkoj yog qhov yooj yim heev. Qhov no architectural caij, siv los ntawm cov neeg txij thaum lub hnub ntawm ancient Greece. Yog tias koj xav hais tias koj tsis tau pom nws, koj tau yuam kev lawm. Saib nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tam sim no muaj nqis 100 npav, nyob rau sab nraum lub tsev ntawm lub Bolshoi Theatre ua yeeb yam. Thawb rau pem hauv ntej yim kab, crowned nrog ib lub voos voos voos ntawm daim duab ntawm Apollo nyob rau ntawm plaub lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Klodt, yog ib qhov chaw nres nkoj. Tab sis txog qhov twg thiab thaum twg no architectural caij tshwm, uas ntawm lub vaj tse nto moo nws adorns, peb sim qhia nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Lo lus "lawj" yog muab los ntawm lub Latin porticus, uas txhais tau tias "gallery". Qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm architecture yog lub qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv, tsim los ntawm tej kev txhawb, txhawb cov overlapping, xws li kab, arches los yog pilasters. Feem ntau nws yog khi hauv qab los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab qhib los ntawm ib lossis ntau sab nraud. Yog li, lub caij no muaj peb lub ntsiab qhov tseem ceeb: txhua kab, kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ib qho kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib haum xeeb. Lub portico zoo li cas? Diam duab hauv qab no qhia nws zoo.

Rau thawj lub sij hawm qhov chaw nres nkoj tau tsim los ntawm cov Greek neeg qub. Lawv siv nws tsis yog ua ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev, tab sis kuj yog ib lub qauv ntawm tus kheej. Los ntawm ancient Greece, lub portico twb borrowed thiab tom qab ntse siv los ntawm builders nyob rau hauv ancient Rome. Nws yog los ntawm muaj hais tias nws kis thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab tau muaj kev txhawb zog rau ntau haiv neeg European. Qhov tseeb hais tias xws li ib tug portico twb paub nyob rau hauv medieval teb chaws Europe, qhov twg nws dai kom zoo nkauj lub facades ntawm lub koom txoos thiab palaces. Nws yog tshwj xeeb heev nyob rau hauv cov European classicism ntawm XVIII-XIX centuries.

Vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau?

Cov neeg siv khoom siv siv no los daws cov teeb meem ntau yam:

• Rau kev rau npe ntawm lub hauv paus nkag mus rau lub tsev;
• Raws li kev sib txuas hauv nruab nrab ntawm sab hauv thiab lub qhov rooj;
• Raws li lub caij kawg ntawm lub hauv paus qaum teb axis ntawm lub palace thiab chaw ua si khaub ncaws ntau.

Hom

Sib tham txog seb qhov chaw nres nkoj yog dab tsi, nws tseem ceeb heev kom nco txog ntau tus tsiaj. Yog tias koj tsis mus rau hauv cov vaj tse thiab tsim kev lag luam, ces qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm seb muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm qhov siv los yog qhov ntawd.

Plaub-kem, raws li lub npe siv, muaj plaub tug ncej. Siv dav hauv cov Greek thiab Roman architecture hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab cov tuam tsev. Lub npe nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm plaub-theem hauv kev tsim duab yog sab qaum teb hauv lub Tsev Dawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Lub voj voos khawm D-6 thiab cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm Ancient Greece, xws li lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Poseidon ntawm Cape Sounia lossis lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Accord hauv Agrigenta. Qhov no hom ntawm portico thiab siv los decorate ib co ntawm cov temples nyob rau hauv lub Ionic style, xws li cov Erechtheion nyob rau hauv Athens Acropolis. Tom qab ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub xeev Loos, cov Greeks tau txais yuav cov Etruscans thiab cov neeg Loos. Niaj hnub no, ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Loos 6-columned portico yog Maison Carre hauv French Nimes. Thiab nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ntawm cov pavilions ntawm Admiralty, overlooking tus Neva embankment, koj yuav saib tau classic classic cov qauv ntawm cov architectural hais.

Octastyle - qhov no porticos, muaj txog yim tug ncej. Siv Greek architecture coj los siv, lawv tsis tshua zoo heev, tab sis rau hnub no tau khaws cov vaj tse xws li Roman Pantheon los yog Athenian Parthenon. Cov porticoes no muaj xws li cov uas ua rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Bolshoi Theatre hauv Moscow thiab Synod lub tsev hauv St. Petersburg.

Decastyle yog, piv txwv li, lub Portico ntawm New Hermitage nyob hauv St. Petersburg los yog University College hauv London ntawm kaum ncej.

Portico nroog - Bologna

Yog hais tias nyob hauv lwm lub zos thiab lub teb chaws, cov vaj tse adorned nrog rau lub caij no yuav tsum tau ntsia, tom qab ntawd ces nyob hauv ib qho Italian Bologna, dab tsi yog qhov chaw nres nkoj, txhua tus neeg nyob hauv hauv zos paub thiab zoo siab yuav qhia koj mus rau hauv lub nroog qhov chaw. Txog 38 km ntawm arcades tsuas yog nyob hauv cov chaw hauv keeb kwm xwb, thiab cov npoo pav hauv npoo thoob hauv lub nroog tag nrho. Ntxim siab yog keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov tsos. Nyob rau hauv Medieval Bologna, qhov teeb meem nrog cov cheeb tsam qhuav thiab cov lag luam yog heev mob. Cov thawj coj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tuaj nrog txoj hau kev tawm los: lawv tau txiav txim siab los tsim kev thaj chaw ntawm cov vaj tse vim qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm ib thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw mus rau hauv kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw zoo sib xws ntawm ntau lub lag luam thiab kev lag luam hauv cov cheeb tsam qhib tshua cov xim ntawm cov neeg hauv zos thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas. Pib, lawv cov vaults tau txais kev pab los ntawm ntoo kab, uas tau hloov nrog pob zeb ci thiab pob zeb. Ntau ntawm lawv tsis tsuas architectural, tab sis kuj keeb kwm nqi.