Dab tsi yog calligraphy? Keeb kwm ntawm Calligraphy

Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub ntiaj teb no Calligraphy yog kos duab rau ntawm zoo nkauj sau ntawv. Yuav ua li cas yog calligraphy, tsis txhua leej txhua tus paub. Hauv qee lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, tau hu ua cov ntawv xov xwm thiab tseem raug kawm ua ib qho kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb cov hluas tiam, thiab tsis muaj lub tswv yim ntawm ib daim ntawv zoo nkauj thiab elegant.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm calligraphy nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yog nthuav thiab ntau yam. Lub sij hawm ua ntej siv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th hauv teb chaws Europe. Thaum lub sijhawm no, ib daim duab zoo nkauj thiab tsis pom kev ntawm cov lus pib hu ua tsab ntawv xov xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov 16 xyoo dhau los cov kos duab ntawm calligraphy tau tas li tsim. Txawm yog cov neeg ancient uas nyob hauv qhov tsua, cov xwm txheej hauv cov pob zeb muaj ntau yam kos duab. Sij hawm dhau los, cov duab kos pib hloov los ntawm cov cim, thiab hom kev sau ntawv no hu ua cuneiform.

Ces nyob hauv IV xyoo txhiab BC. Nyob rau tim tebchaws Ancient Egypt ib hieroglyphic tsab ntawv sawv, thiab twb nyob rau tiam III xyoo BC. Nws tau pib sau lus Greek sau ntawv. Txhua txhua xyoo ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, ntau ntau hom kev sau ntawv tau nce tuaj. Twb tau nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua thib kaum hauv Ltalis, ib qho kev sau tau zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntawv tau hu ua calligraphic. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe siv lub Gothic style ntawm kev sau ntawv, uas muaj cov loj loj ntau zoo sib xws nrog calligraphy.

Hauv ntau lub teb chaws, tsab ntawv xov xwm hu ua ntau hom kev sib txawv ntawm cov sij hawm txawv. Rau qhov feem ntau, qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm daim duab no yog tso rau thaum tib neeg tshwm sim.

Sau ntawv los ntawm cov neeg Slavic

Dab tsi yog calligraphy - cov neeg Slavic kawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XV. Hauv 846, cov Slavs tsuas yog thawj tus niam ntawv. Qhov no yog nce los ntawm lub xeev Byzantine, uas xav tau ntawm txhua tus nqi los tshaj tawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv hauv kev sau ntawv.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm sau ntawv ntawm cov Slavs yog me me, tab sis cov founders ntawm kev sau ntawv yog ob kwv tij: Constantine thiab Methodius. Morocian prince Rostislav nug Constantine kom tsim ib tus niam ntawv rau cov Khixatia, thiab kwv tij Methodius, thaum lub sij hawm ntawd yog lub ploj ntawm lub Orthodox monastery, pom zoo los pab nws.

Nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua pib tshwm thawj zoo nkauj views ntawm lub koos pis - tus ntawv sau. Qab nws - teratological style, ligature thiab thawj zaug tsab ntawv. Teratological style yog, tej zaum, qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab txawv txawv. Cov ntawv sau tau ua ke nrog ntau yam tsiaj thiab noog. Nws yuav yog ob qho tib si tsiaj txhu, thiab tsis tseeb. Qhia txog yog ib nplooj ntoo los yog nplaim ib ncig ntawm ib tsab ntawv.

Nrog lo lus nug dab tsi yog calligraphy, nws zoo nkaus li tias txhua yam yog tam sim no meej, tab sis leej twg yog ib tug calligrapher thiab nws ua dab tsi.

Leej twg yog tus xov tooj hu ua calligrapher?

Qhov no yog ib txoj haujlwm uas qhia txog kev muaj peev xwm los sau cov ntawv xov xwm. Thaum xub thawj siab zoo li no: qhov no yog txoj haujlwm tiag tiag hauv tamsim no? Nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub computer technology, tib neeg siv daim ntawv tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua ntawm ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, yuav luag txhua cov ntawv nyeem editor muaj ntau ntau yam xim ntawv, thiab tas li tshiab thiab tshiab tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv no yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg hu ua calligraphers-artists.

Lub calligrapher yog ib tug txiv neej ntawm kos duab, nws yog ib tug kws kos duab thiab sau ntawv hauv ib tug neeg. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm nws yog qhov nrov heev tuaj yeem sau ntawv hu ua lusigraphically. Lub tswv yim no muab rau ib tus neeg twg yog tus kos npe rau ntawm kev tu ncua thiab kev coj ua. Hauv cov tsev neeg tseem ceeb, txawm tias cov tsev neeg tsawg tshaj plaws paub tias cov ntawv nyeem yog dab tsi.

Nws ntseeg hais tias tsab xov tsab ntawv hu ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav, thiab lwm yam kev muaj tswv yim. Ib tug neeg muaj lub sijhawm zoo rau "mus rau hauv nws tus kheej" rau ib lub sijhawm thiab ploj mus rau hauv ntiaj teb kev kos duab. Cov txheej txheem ntawm calligraphy tsis yog qhov nyuaj, thiab yuav luag txhua tus tuaj yeem kawm tau nws.

Yog xav paub calligraphy, tsis tas yuav tshwj xeeb cov kev txawj thiab zoo nkauj thiab nyeem tau, tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj ua hauj lwm. Cov neeg tsis muaj hnub uas tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kev xyaum tsav tsheb tsis zoo yuav ua tsis tau zoo. Nws yog ntshaw, ntawm chav kawm, hais tias cov neeg uas xav kawm cov ntawv nyeem, paub paub kos zoo thiab muaj kev xav zoo. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, sim kawm zoo nkauj txog cov tsiaj ntawv rau txhua tus neeg.

Kawm kev hu xov tooj

Cov ntawv sau cwj mem yog siv cwj mem thiab cwj mem. Txawm li cas los, ua ntej koj yuav tag nrho cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, koj yuav tsum sim koj txhais tes nrog ib tug cwj mem. Xaiv lub font uas koj nyiam (dua li yog tias nws yog ib qho yooj yim fonts), thiab cawm koj tus kheej cov niam ntawv ntawm qhov kev sau ntawv no. Txhua txhua hnub, koj yuav tsum sau tsawg kawg ib tsab ntawv. Hom dab no hu ua artificial.

Artifact calligraphy yog teeb meem ntau dua li ib txwm, vim cov quav yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm koj tus kheej. Vim tias qhov cwj pwm muaj taw tes (tsis zoo li ib lub npas rau hauv ib tug cwj mem), nws yooj yim dua rau lawv rov ua dua cov ntawv sau kab ntawv.

Thaum txhua daim ntawv ntawm tus ntawv ua haujlwm, nws yog lub sij hawm kawm ua ke thiab kho lawv. Saib qhov sib txuas li cas hauv daim ntawv xaiv, thiab sim rov hais dua. Thaum cov ntawv hu ua "calligraphy" tau ua haujlwm me ntsis lawm, koj tuaj yeem pib sau ntawv hu ua tus cwj mem.

Cov cuab yeej rau calligraphy

Raws li txoj cai, ib tug cwj mem thiab ib tug cwj mem cwj mem yog siv rau kev sau ntawv: qhov no yog qhov kev cai nyob hauv cov ntawv hu ua European. Tab sis cov ntawv hu ua east eastern prefers siv kev txhuam. Feathers yog txawv: spiky, wide-taw qhia, daim ntawv loj loj. Rau cov neeg tuaj tshiab, nws yog tus taw qhia uas zoo tshaj plaws uas zoo tshaj plaws rau txoj haujlwm no. Thaum lawv ua tiav lawv, nws yuav tau txav mus rau lwm hom plaub.

Nws yuav tsis yooj yim dua kom tau ib phau ntawv tshwj xeeb rau kev kawm hu ua calligraphy. Nws muaj qhov tsim tshwj xeeb, uas nws yuav yooj yim dua mus soj ntsuam cov khoom ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub, nyob rau hauv lub txee ntawm lub khws koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov cwjmem rau calligraphy, npiv zujzus thiab xws li paub zoo li brashpen (ib tug cwj mem nrog ib tus cwj mem taub). Txawm li cas los xij, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws tseem tsis yooj yim los hloov lub cwj mem thiab cwj mem nrog ib yam dab tsi.

Qhov chaw kawm

Qhov chaw rau xov tooj tseem ceeb heev. Lub sijhawm kawm ntawv zoo nkauj yuav tsum nyob ntsiag to thiab xis. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tau zaum zoo, ncaj nraim koj nraub qaum thiab ob txhais ceg. Tus tsis ua haujlwm tes yuav tsum muaj lub ntsiab kev thauj khoom, thaum sau ntawv tes yuav tsum siab tshaj qhov workbook. Koj tuaj yeem paub cov ntawv sau ua hom ntawv hu ua hom kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib haum xeeb nrog koj tus kheej - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, uas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog.

Calligraphy rau tus yau tshaj

Dab tsi yog calligraphy rau cov me nyuam thiab ua lawv xav tau nws? Tseeb, lo lus teb yog muaj! Daim ntawv hu ua calligraphic no qhia rau tus neeg, qhia nws kev ntseeg siab thiab kev thaj yeeb, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb uas cov menyuam tsis muaj. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, cov ntawv sau tau zoo nrog cov me nyuam. Cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv sau tau cov nyiaj tib yam li tus me nyuam muaj zoo lub cev muaj zog cov kev txawj.

Los ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm schoolboy peb tuaj yeem hais ntau heev: tus cwj pwm, lub hlwb, lub hlwb kev xav. Cov nkauj zoo nkauj yuav qhib tus me nyuam ntau txoj hauv kev yav tom ntej.