Cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws metro chaw nres tsheb, Moscow. Daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau zoo nkauj noj ntawm lub Moscow Metro

Nyob rau hauv 1935 nws qhib thawj ceg ntawm lub Moscow Metro chaw nres tsheb "Sokolniki" - "Park Kultury". Nws siv yog mob siab rau mus rau lub Soviet neeg hlub tus yeeb yam "ua haujlwm pab dawb". Metrostroevtsy profession thaum lub sij hawm nws yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau fwm, thiab feem ntau prestigious, ib yam nkaus thiab.

Cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntau

Thaum capital desperately xav tau nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub subway, thiab cov lus nug ntawm cov txaus nyiam tsos ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog tsis nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Feem ntau cov zoo nkauj Chaw nres tsheb subway (Moscow) ua tau tom qab, thaum lub teb chaws-yeej tau pom hais tias nws lub ntiaj teb no tsis tsuas yog ib tug kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov tub rog lub hwj chim, tab sis kuj rau hauv txoj kev ntawm lub neej, txawm hais tias ib tug ob peb pre-tsov rog chaw yog cov kaum zoo nkauj tshaj plaws.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub tag nrho subway nyob rau hauv Moscow, 44 noj uas 190 uas twb muaj lawm pom tau hais tias raws li cov khoom ntawm kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam, yuav pom tau tias qhov feem spectacular nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Teev ua khoom tsis yeej ib txwm coincide. Piv txwv li, ib tug daim ntawv teev cov "Feem ntau cov zoo nkauj Chaw nres tsheb subway (Moscow)" taub hau "Kiev", lwm - "Komsomolskaya", thiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv thawj yog "Arbat". Feem ntau cov feem ntau, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev raws li cov stop "Komsomolskaya", "Kiev", "kiv puag ncig Square", "Mayakovskaya" thiab "Novoslobodskaya". Txawm tias koj yuav yooj yim xav tias hais tias yog 44 noj yog cov khoom ntawm kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam, lawv kuj muaj peev xwm thov rau lub npe ntawm cov feem ntau zoo nkauj. Nws yuav ntshaw kom stipulate hais nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm lub capital - ib tug ntau ntawm cov uas zoo sib xws noj muaj thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam Lavxias teb sab lub zos thiab txawm nyob sib ze lub teb chaws.

Zoo tag nrho ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus

"Underground palace", uas haum thiab delight kiag li txhua leej txhua tus thiab yuav ua neeg rau lub xyoo, tau ua mas mus nruab nrab-50s, uas yog, kom txog thaum txoj kev tuag ntawm Stalin. Ntau zaus tseem raug xa mus rau raws li qhov feem ntau zoo nkauj qhov chaw nres tsheb "Mayakovskaya", thiab peb tes num mus rau lub ntiaj teb Fair nyob rau hauv New York nyob rau hauv 1939, nws twb muab tsub lub Grand Prix.
International prizes muab thiab "Kropotkinskaya" (Grand Prix nyob rau exhibition 1951 nyob rau hauv Brussels), thiab lub "Liab rooj vag" (Grand Prix nyob rau hauv 1938 nyob rau hauv Paris), thiab hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, thaum lub teb chaws tus kev sib ntxub rau cov soviets tawm scale. Yog li ntawd, tiag tiag, cov tej yaam num yog ib tug neeg zoo tag nrho ntawm daim ntawv no, thiab lawv tabtom mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv architecture.

poob kev zoo nkauj

"Stalin Subway" - qhov thiaj li hu ua nkauj chaw nres tsheb ncig kab nrog bas-reliefs, statues, mosaics thiab ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm palace chandeliers, lub npe thiab cov phau ntawv, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2011, nplooj siab mus rau lub subway. Cov phau ntawv yog tsim nyog, vim hais tias heev npaum li cas ntawm cov thawj splendor ntawm cov khoom no yuav ploj raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm reconstruction, kev txhim kho thiab tswj ntawm cov Stalin cwm pwm cult, uas tau nyob rau hauv kev rhuav tseg txhua yam uas tau tsim muaj sib npaug zos hlub thiab servility.

"Lub proletarian palaces"

Txij li thaum feem ntau ntawm cov sab saum toj chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov "Feem ntau cov zoo nkauj Chaw nres tsheb subway" (Moscow) yuav siv sij hawm lub "Komsomolskaya" - ib tug nplhaib - ntawd thiab tham txog nws muaj nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw. Nws yeej zoo li ib tug palace, thiab yuav ua li cas nws tsuas yog vim hais tias ntawm no yog tsis paub thiab "lub apotheosis ntawm Stalin lub faj tim teb chaws", thiab "lub xeem lub tuam tsev Shchusev."
Los ntawm cov kab lus kawg nws yog tseeb hais tias ntawm lub taub hau ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm architects, tej yaam num, sawv A. V. Schusev - sau ntawm lub Kazan railway chaw nres tsheb tsev, Lenin lub Mausoleum thiab ntau lwm nto moo vaj tse. Qhib nyob rau hauv 1952, nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus noj ntawm "Kursk" thiab "Prospect mira". Ib tug subway chaw nres tsheb "Komsomolskaya" mus rau lub qhib nyob rau hauv 1935 Sokolniki kab. Nws yog nto moo rau ua thawj lub tsheb ciav hlau tuaj txog ntawm no, thiab qhov tseeb hais tias muaj ob cim majolica panels ua raws li cov sketches Lansere. Nyob rau hauv 1952 nws tau kev cob cog rua nrog lub hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm "Komsomolskaya" -ring. Cov yav tas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog 8 xav tsis thoob panels kev cob cog rua ntawm ib lub ntsiab - qhov zoo yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig thiab riam phom. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm precious pob zeb thiab glazes rau sketches los ntawm P. D. Korina.

Paub los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no lub zej lub zos

Yog li ntawd, peb tseem nco ntsoov lub zoo nkauj tshaj plaws noj ntawm lub Moscow Metro. Daim ntawv yuav mus ntxiv, "Mayakovskaya", qhib lub Cuaj hlis 11, 1938. Nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm nres "Belarus '(nyob rau sab qaum teb) thiab" Tverskaya "(sab qab teb) on line Zamoskvoretskaya. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub capital, nyob rau hauv lub Tver cheeb tsam. Sau ntawm lub project cog muaj npe tom qab V. V. Mayakovskogo - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Academy ntawm Architecture ntawm lub USSR, peb lub sij hawm khiav ntawm lub Stalin nqi zog Aleksey Nikolaevich Dushkin. Nws - tus neeg sau ntawm lub tej yaam num ntawm underground chaw raws li lub "kiv puag ncig Square", "Novoslobodskaya" (postwar project), "Avtozavodskaya" thiab "Kropotkinskaya".

Chaw nres tsheb pioneer

Xais sau mosaics chaw nres tsheb "Mayakovskaya" yog tsis muaj tsawg nto moo Soviet artist Alexander Deineka. "Mayakovskaya" yog lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj sib sib zog nqus-theem chaw nres tsheb (34 meters) ntawm sab hom. Nws trehsvodnaya.
Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Thiab qhov tseeb hais tias lub feem ntau zoo nkauj Chaw nres tsheb subway (Moscow boasts ntau impressive thiab aesthetically pleasing saib architectural khoom ntawm no hom, tab sis qhov no yog ib tug - tiag tiag tshwj xeeb) muaj peb chav - central thiab ob sab. Txhua ob chav nyob tom ntej no mus rau ib qhib nplhaib meem lawv vaults cia siab rau lawv cov uas txhua. Li no lub npe ntawm tus tsim - trehsvodchataya zos. Longitudinal arcade lends majesty kwv.

Ib cim caij ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj

Nws Dai 35 zoo nkauj mosaics teem nyob rau hauv lub ncaws, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab ntawm lub hauv paus nrog, ntawm lub arches. Txawm li cas los, saib lawv, nws yog tsim nyog los ua tib zoo tsa lub taub hau. Qhov no yog hais txog cov disadvantages ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hu ua "Mayakovskaya". Nws kuj yuav raug ntxiv hais tias lub project yog Ameslikas lub npe ntawm tus nres yog txawv - "Triumph Square", thiab tso nws lam xav nyob rau hauv lub Italian Renaissance style. Tab sis lub "Triumphal Square", nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev siv ntawm lub tsev no tau npaj, renamed "Mayakovsky Square", qhov chaw nres tsheb tau txais tib lub npe.

Hais ntau tshaj lwm leej lwm tus

Yuav ua li cas kwv yog feem ntau nyob rau ntawm thawj kab ntawm daim ntawv teev cov "Feem ntau cov zoo nkauj Chaw nres tsheb subway nyob rau hauv Moscow?" "Kiev"! Qhib nws yog peb hlis ntuj 14, 1954. Chiv nws twb xeeb raws li cov feem ntau zoo nkauj. N. S. Hruschevu, twb nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim, yog li xav kom perpetuate lawv haiv neeg koom pheej. Nws tshaj tawm ib tug kev sib tw, thiab ntawm lub 73 tej yaam num raug xaiv los ua hauj lwm Ukrainian sau phau ntawv.
Lub venue yog timed mus rau lub 300th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub reunification ntawm Ukraine thiab Russia. Cov chaw nres tsheb kaw lub voj voos. Nws, dhau lawm, sib sib zog nqus cov me nyuam yaus, tab sis lub pylon (txhawb qauv yog cov pylons). 18 panels ntawm glazes kho no masterpiece ntawm daim duab uas architectural.

Zoo nkauj thiab thawj

Mus rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "zoo nkauj tshaj plaws Moscow metro chaw nres tsheb," thiab tej zaum kuj txawm mus ua nws nyob rau hauv txoj cai tau "kiv puag ncig Square" - tsis txhob, nyob rau lub Arbat - Pokrovskaya kab, qhib nyob rau hauv 1938, 13 Lub peb hlis ntuj. Sab los ntawm sab nrog nws "Kursk" thiab "Arbat". Nws txawv los ntawm lwm yam contenders rau thawj kab nyob rau hauv lub rankings txawm yog hais tias yog nto moo tsis mosaics thiab sculptures. 76 bronze nuj nqis 18 arches tej nqe vaj lug mus rau lub tsaws platform. Arches kev txhawb los ntawm pylons (txhawb txhua) ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb nrog. Tag nrho cov sculptures sawv cev rau cov pej xeem ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm txawv lub sij hawm ntawm nws tsim (los ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj 1917 kom txog rau thaum lub hnub ntawm lawv lub tsev lag luam nyob rau hauv 1937) thiab cov ua nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntawm lub Leningrad pab pawg neeg ntawm sculptors coj los Matvey Manizer. Yog hais tias qhov no yog tsis yog tus zoo nkauj tshaj plaws Chaw nres tsheb subway nyob rau hauv Moscow, ces yeej tus ntau thawj thiab nco.

surrounded los ntawm superstitions

Nws yog hlub los ntawm Muscovites. Muaj ntau ntau kev ntseeg txuam nrog rau bronze nuj nqis. Yog hais tias koj tshiav lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam qhov chaw, "halts" kev zoo siab - thiaj li muaj ntau sculptures muaj ib lub ci, polished touch ntau tshaj ib tiam ntawm cov neeg nyob qhov chaw ntawm lub capital. Piv txwv li, cov tub ntxhais kawm tshiav lub qhov ntswg watchdog, thiab tau pib tshiav nws yuav luag txij thaum lub lag luam. Tag nrho plaub cov dev, thiab txhua tus lobe yog polished mus rau ib tug ci. Muaj dluab ntawm roosters - lawv txawm lig los plhws rau ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj hli.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, rau qhov Muscovites muaj chaw nres tsheb, thiab lawv yog heev fond ntawm nws. Ib tug bronze daim duab thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog raug xa mus rau khiav tawm nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan. Tus tsim "kiv puag ncig Square" yog ib tug pylon trehsvodchatoy, sib sib zog nqus foundation. Nws yog kev hloov mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb "Theatre", thiab lawv muaj ib qho chaw tos txais.

Qhov kawg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub acclaimed tswv

Qhov kawg ua hauj lwm A. N. Dushkina - chaw nres tsheb "Novoslobodskaya", qhib nyob rau hauv 1952 - yog yuav luag ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov tsib hu ua "Lub zoo nkauj tshaj plaws Moscow metro noj". Diam duab, qhia hauv qab no, siab tuaj yuav qhia nws txoj cai rau ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws cov cim chaw tos txais, nyob rau tib txoj kev, tsa ib tug ancient tuam tsev, ib tug portico nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub facade ntawm uas muaj 6 fluted (nrog ntsug grooves) txhua. Tsis muaj tsawg majestic thiab zoo nkauj thiab avant escalator halls. Tus tsim ntawm no chaw nres tsheb - pylons sib sib zog nqus foundation. Nws "nti" los yog lub brightest caij tsim yog elaborately illuminated vitrage 32. Lawv manufactured los ntawm lub khob Latvian ntxias, cam khwb tsuas iav pawg ntseeg. Thawj thiab dai chandeliers. Kuv yuav tsum tau ntxiv tias nyob rau txhua lub chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub Moscow Metro, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj cov khoom ntawm kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam, nyob rau hauv lub dav heev kev nkag tau detailed, nrog engineering suav, ntaub ntawv.

Lwm "Lavxias teb sab kev zoo nkauj"

Nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm thiaj li muaj ntau yam zoo kawg nkaus nroj tsuag uas yog kaj thiab sights ntawm Moscow, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm khoom ntawm neeg mus ncig tebchaws pilgrimage. Yog li ntawd, raws li muaj ntau yam, zoo nkauj tshaj plaws chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub Moscow metro - "Arbat", qhib nyob rau hauv 1953. Nws belongs rau qhov loj tshaj plaws tsam interchange ntawm. Ua tau rau ib tug tshwj xeeb project: tus ntoo khaub lig-seem ntawm lub pylon, sib sib zog nqus-theem chaw nres tsheb muaj elliptical zoo, style ntawm sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj belongs rau lub Moscow baroque. "Arbatskaja" - yog ntev heev, qhov thib ob tom qab lub "Sparrow toj", thiab tsis muaj ib tug raug kaw foundations. Vim rau cov kev xaiv ntawm cov xim, nws zoo heev festive.

Cov feem ntau cov tawm monuments ntawm lub Stalin era

Lub npe ntawm cov "feem ntau zoo nkauj Chaw nres tsheb subway nyob rau hauv Moscow" tej zaum yuav tsim nyog tau txais raws li "Belarus" thiab "Novokuznetskaya", "Taganskaya" thiab "ua yeeb yam", "Kropotkin" thiab "Prospect mira", "Smolensk" thiab ib txhia lwm leej lwm tus. Raws li sau tseg saum toj no, ib yam ntawm cov 44 pom tau hais tias kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam, yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub saum toj tsib los sis xya ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nres ntawm txoj kev Moscow Metro. Thiab yog dab tsi txog qhov chaw uas ua tom qab kev tuag ntawm Stalin? Lub era ntawm "proletarian palaces" ceased nrog kev tuag ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm ...

yam khoom tshiab

Cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws metro noj, ua nyob rau hauv lub XXI caug xyoo - "Slavic Boulevard". Nws twb qhib nyob rau hauv 2008. Yeej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm ib tug thib ob load (zaum ob tsuas yog mus rau hauv lub Tokyo) subway, tej zaum, tsis tau kev zoo nkauj. Tab sis nws yog tam sim no tab tom ua nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub extraordinary kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, piv txwv li nyob rau hauv Dubai.
Hopefully, cov Moscow Metro, uas tsis ntev los lom nws 80th hnub tseem ceeb thiab yog tam sim no muaj ib tug siv boom, "yuav tau" niaj hnub, nyiam, ntsib tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm niaj hnub no, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm zoo nkauj noj.