Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm "Qhov kev kawm ntawm Ntxub": txoj kev (Sholohova M. A.)

Lub ntsiab ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog sau nyob rau hauv tsov rog zaj dab neeg "Lub Science ntawm Ntxub" (Txoj kev).

Sholokhov critics nyiam ntawm no ua hauj lwm, ua ntej luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Pravda" ntawm 22.05.1942 Heev npaum li cas ua tsis tau zoo rau nws theem ntawm kev txawj ntawm ib tug yeej muaj tseeb classic, kom meej meej manifested nyob rau hauv lub "ntsiag to ntws lub Don".

Raws li, peb muaj mus rau ntsiab nws weaknesses. Tsis yog nws mus qhia tus kheej ntawm dialectics, muaj yog tsis muaj "ob hauv qab."

Qhov txawv nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm cov saum toj no ob tug sib txawv ib hom ntawv nyeem tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug sau ntaus. Nws yog zoo li ntawd, zoo li tsim lawv yog ob tug sib txawv neeg.

Vim lub fact tias cov Nobel nqi zog rau Literature rau txawj sau ntawv Mikhail Sholokhov nyob rau hauv nws tom qab tej hauj lwm tsis tswj kom sawv mus rau theem ntawm "Nyob ntsiag to ntws lub Don" siab phem tongues accusing nws ntawm kev dag, thov hais tias lub yeej muaj tseeb sau ntawm tus naas ej tshiab tsis yog nws . Tej no ua rau lub siab kab ntawm Pushkin: "Cov artist-barbarian carotid txhuam painting ntse heev number case?"

David Ortenberg tswv yim, uas ua tsis tau tejyam muab Sholokhov

Tu siab xws li ib tug pejorative xaus yog tsis refuted los ntawm ib tug yooj yim zaj dab neeg txog nws muaj pes tsawg leeg "ntxub science" ntawm Sholokhov. Luv ntsiab lus ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog txo mus rau lub uncivilized thiab pheej hu "Tua cov Germans!". Tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas tus nyeem ntawv yuav yeej los rau qhov xaus nws tus kheej. Yog vim li cas Classics pom zoo los tsim xws li ib tug khoom? Peb pib nrog lub fact tias Mihail Aleksandrovich unwillingly coj li cov dab neeg sau, xeeb nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm reportage.

Lub astute nyeem ntawv xav tias tus neeg sau ntawm "Nyob ntsiag to ntws lub Don" sau "Science ntawm Ntxub" yog tsis raws li xav. Xam muaj tseeb nrog qhov keeb kwm fact: cov thawj ntawm cov editor ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Pravda" thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog xyoo, David Ortenberg, muaj Sholokhov journalistic ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv WWII. Classic ua ntej desperately maneuver, txuag ib tug duab Grigoriya Melehova, nws mus txog rau propaganda.

scene Kawm

NKVD-shnogo interrogation raws tu qauv yug lub tswv yim ntawm zaj dab neeg "Lub Science ntawm Ntxub" Sholokhov. Luv luv cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws zaj lus tim khawv yog rau cov nom tswv tus xibfwb qhia Ferdman Zinovy Yakovlevich. Cov tsab ntawm lub ntsiab hero ntawm zaj dab neeg yog yuav 21/09/1941, nyob 09.26.1941, lub dim thiab rov qab mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub Red Army 21.11.1941 Tom qab ib tug luv luv kev tshawb nrhiav, cov nom tswv tus xibfwb qhia txuas ntxiv cov kev pab. Tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Tshwj xeeb Department coj mus rau hauv tus account lub haiv neeg ntawm txoj kev khiav los ntawm kev poob cev qhev. Txij li thaum cov neeg Yudais cov Nazis tua, nws twb tsis muaj txug lub tswv yim mus surrender.

Indications Zinovy Jakovljevic ua tim khawv txog lub atrocities ntawm lub Germans. Lawv tsis coj tus neeg raug txim khiav dej num. Thaum nws pom cov neeg raug txhom tub ceev xwm txoj kev kab txaij, lawv raug tua tam sim ntawd. Nws muaj kev tswj kom ntsiag to txhob cuam tshuam lawv insignia los ntawm nws lub tsho.

Raws li Ferdman, convoyed neeg raug kaw cia nyob rau hauv lub qhib huab cua thiab pub pias thiab sunflower. Nyob rau hauv ib tug concentration camp muaj txog 20 000 xwm txheej plab yuav tsis sawv, lawv tuag. Tuag rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm saib xyuas thaj tsam tau ces muab pov tseg lawm lub laj kab.

Promotional nyiaj muas nyob rau hauv lub cuab ntxhiab thiab pib ntawm lub narrative

Keeb kwm ntawm lub kev poob cev qhev thiab txoj kev khiav tus tub ceev xwm tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm "ntxub science" zaj dabneeg Sholokhov. Ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom txawv los ntawm tus thawj tshwm sim. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm zaj dab neeg es tsoos. Ib tug sawv cev ntawm leej twg lub cev, tuaj rau pem hauv ntej qhov chaw, uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug Lieutenant Gromov mobilized rau pem hauv ntej ntawm ib qho ntawm lub mechanics ntawm Siberian nroj tsuag. Raws li koj tau pom, Sholokhov hloov haiv neeg ntawm lub protagonist nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm kev dag clichés. Lub cev taw tawm hais tias ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov neeg raug kaw nyob rau hauv lub tub ceev xwm ob lub qhov muag cig qhov hluav taws kub ntawm kev sib ntxub.

Nws tau ntsib cov lieutenant, uas twb tau kawm hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv captivity. Ob zaug lawv tau raws li rau ib tug sib tham thiab Lieutenant Gromov qhia nws zaj dab neeg. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias nws tus kheej Sholokhov Ferdmanom Zinovy Yakovlevich tsis tshwm.

Raws li Legend, Michael, Gromov twb sib yuav, nws muaj ob tug me nyuam. Nws tsev neeg kuj yog leej txiv ntawm ib tug neeg xiam oob qhab nyob. Nrog patriotic nrog cov lus qhia haiv neeg rau pem hauv ntej. Xa ib tug tub rog tuaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev thiab tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv Committee. Feem ntau, ua lag ua luam thiab official, nws escorted rau hauv lub tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, thiab tau siab kawg li.

Lt. Gromov los rau pem hauv ntej

Txij li thaum Lub Xya hli ntuj 1941, Lieutenant Gerasimov muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Red Army twb retreating, tab sis lub tsev qhov twg yog qhov protagonist tswj mus ntes 15 Germans. Nyob rau siab kev kho mob ntawm neeg raug kaw ntawm lub Red Army lieutenant lub qhov ncauj qhia rau peb cov dab neeg uas Sholokhov tus "Qhov kev kawm ntawm Ntxub". Luv ntsiab lus ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm antithesis "tib neeg - inhumanity." Ua ntej peb tau hnov los ntawm cov neeg ntawm cov lus hais tias cov Germans thiab Soviet neeg raug kaw ua tsov ua rog thiab civilians kho txawv.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Sholokhov tswv yim ntawm kev sib ntxub rau cov yeeb ncuab

Ntxiv mus, ib feem ntawm uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug lieutenant, mus nyob rau hauv offensive. Frankly, nws tsis yog raug rau 1941. Tus sau lub tseeb yog cuab kev.

Gromov hais txog dab tsi nws pom neeg tuag pyatiklassnitsy, contemporaries ntawm nws tus ntxhais, tsoob thiab tua los ntawm cov Nazis. Ntawm ib sab tu siab heev dag geography phau ntawv nyeem. Nws tuav nws thiab qhia qhov chaw uas muab ntawm Soviet cov tub rog, uas yog ib pawg ntawm tws nqaij nrog lawv, tom ntej no mus uas tau savagely tua kaus mom. Lieutenant to taub tias fights tiv thaiv villains, osatanevshih sadists. Kws ntawv, hlub los ntawm cov neeg, feeb meej, ua kom evoke nyob rau hauv tus nyeem ntawv ib tug kev xav ntawm kev sib ntxub ntawm cov Germans.

kev poob cev qhev

Ib tug ntxiv kev kawm ntawm zaj dab neeg piav yog vim li cas nws muab lub npe ntawm Sholohov Mihail Aleksandrovich, "Qhov kev kawm ntawm Ntxub". Gromov nws kis tau los ntawm lub voj ntawm ntuj raug txim lub German kev poob cev qhev. Nws raug mob nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua, thiab nws ntog mus rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov invaders. Cov Soviet POWs, thawj tua cov neeg Yudais nrog lawv. Lawv ces tua motorcyclists tshuab phom rov qab los ntawm tus neeg raug txhom kiag.

Saum toj no lub Red Army neeg raug kaw phem thiab txheej thaum ub lub sij hawm. Lawv txom nyem los ntawm nqhis dej, haus dej haus dej tov nrog cov av nkos vim hais tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau dhau los ntawm nws.

Thaum sab mus rau pow yog ib tug tank kem Nazis lub taub hau tank "ntawd" zuav ob peb cov neeg rau lawv txoj kev mus marching system. Tiv thaiv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis tau tsuas yog tiv thaiv tau tus teeb meem, tab sis kuj luag dab tsi tshwm sim.

Thaum kawg no hauv ntiaj teb no nyob ntev lawm, thiab sab tuaj txog thaum lub concentration camp. Dua li ntawm qhov mus kom ze ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov neeg raug kaw twb muaj txawm nyob rau hauv lub barracks. Lawv twb tsis nruab kev pab qhov chaw, tus neeg cia li tsaug zog rau hauv av, nyob rau hauv cov av. Lawv noj tsis zoo, rau tag nrho cov khoom noj muaj raws ntawm ib tug puv tes ntawm cereal thiab boiled dej. Cov neeg raug kaw tau lossi raug ntaus nrog nrog, phom loj butts.

khiav

Gerasimov lub qhov txhab pib fester, thiab nws tau mus rau lub barracks rau raug mob. Tag nrho cov kev kho mob yog muaj raws qhov tseeb hais tias tus ntaub qhwv twb muab tshem tawm, thiab lub qhov txhab dusted nrog tshauv. Hais txog qhov kev tsis yog neeg tej yam kev mob ntawm txim ntawm neeg raug kaw qhia nyob rau hauv nws zaj dab neeg Sholokhov ( "Science ntawm Ntxub"). Synopsis nws, raws li tus sau, nws yog ua tau rau ua ib zaug xwb lub tswv yim: tus yeeb ncuab yuav tsum tau muab rhuav pov tseg. Lub logic yog yooj yim. Nws yog tsiaj ntawv nrog rau cov kab lus Orthodox neeg dawb huv, Alexander Nevsky. Nws yog lub npe hu mus rau mus rau cov lus hais: "Leej twg nrog ib tug rab ntaj mus rau peb yuav tuaj, hais tias tuag rau hniav ntaj hniav riam!"

Thaum sab sab, pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv cov av nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj, cov neeg raug kaw pib xa rau qhov kev siv ntawm earthworks, Lt. Gerasimov ua ib tug xav ua kom tau kev khiav. Nws twb tua nrog ib tug duav thiab ib tug convoy, armed nrog nws rab phom, khiav nkaum nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov. Nws sab sab, emaciated Lieutenant NW nyuam qhuav taug kev, nrog to taub hais tias kom tawm lub zos dangerously. Hnub tom qab nws tau pom thiab cawm nej dim los ntawm partisans.

Cov duab ntawm Lieutenant

Tsab niaj hnub tib neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lieutenant Gerasimov rau koj txoj kev cawm seej. Nws muaj tsis muaj lwm yam cwj pwm txawv tab sis kev sib ntxub. Thiab nws muaj siab rau tsuas yog ib - lub "rov qab mus rau lub zoo ibyam ntawm lub tua hluav taws rau lub motherland" thiab "kua zaub ntsuab txog rau thaum xaus." Pom zoo, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj txawm los sib piv no txiv neej nrog Grigoriem Melehovym!

Raws li ib tug tag nrho peb muaj peev xwm kwv yees ib zaj dab neeg uas sau lub regimental commissar, thiab tom qab ntawd Colonel M. A. Sholohov ( "Science ntawm Ntxub")? Synopsis teem tawm los ntawm peb, pom tias nyob rau hauv nws cov artistic hauj lwm zoo, nws, hmoov tsis, ob peb kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ntau ua tsis tau zoo rau "Cov Don dab neeg".

Txawm li cas los, tus ntawv ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv pom zoo "rau nws tus kheej" I. V. Stalin. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ntawm tus kws xav los tsim ib tug tshiab novels "nyob rau hauv tib leeg." Thiab cov kws ntawv tiag tiag raws li qhov kev pom zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub 1943-1944 biennium. nws tawm ib tshooj ntawm tus tshiab "Lawv tiv thaiv rau Lawv lub teb chaws," uas repeats cov los coj lub niam tswv yim - kev sib ntxub ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Yuav ua li cas tuaj ntawm nws? Dua li ntawm qhov cov me nyuam no ntawm cov kws ntawv kom nws ib tug tseem ceeb heev lub caij ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm kev lom zem, ib tug nyiam phau ntawv rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm tus tshiab tsis tau.

xaus

Zaj dab neeg no muaj ib tug piv txwv txog dab tsi tshwm sim yog hais tias tus hauv phau ntawv hais tias txawm opportunistic classic Sholokhov ( "Science ntawm Ntxub"). Synopsis brifli tsev qiv ntawv nyob ua ib ke nyob rau hauv Internet. Txawm li cas los, nws txaus thiab cuag rau tus nyeem ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob correlated nrog lub artistic tus nqi ntawm zaj dab neeg.

Feem ntau cov yuav, peb yuav xaus uas cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis ua li cas "rau kev txiav txim" thiab "nyob rau lub sij hawm", raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom no tsis zoo li nyiam tus nyeem ntawv npaum li cas.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, ntawm no yog ib zaj dab neeg sau thaum lub sij hawm Sholokhov ( "Science ntawm Ntxub"). Ntsiab lus thiab tsom xam ntawm no ua hauj lwm tau hais rau peb nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.