Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxhee nyob rau hauv conductors thaum uas tig mus

Tam sim no sis yog zoo heev paub nyob rau hauv niaj hnub hluav taws xob engineering: nws mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim lub complex ntawm nuclear reactors ntawm lub "Tokamak" thiab hluav taws xob designs. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, ib tug ua haujlwm nyob ib sab lem ntawm lub stator winding mus rau lub rotor winding. Yog li, thaum lub "hnyav" pib haib machines thaum tam sim no nce mus txog lub siab tshaj plaws permissible qhov tseem ceeb, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tuav winding shpug tau cai. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ib tug sib nqus sis ntawm lub currents ntws los ntawm cov ob tug sib txawv windings. Lawv rotating magnetic teb pheev ib attracting txiav txim rau lub conductors. Kawm kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov dej tsaws ntxhee, nws yog feem ntau suav hais tias yog kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov sib nqus hom, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb no lub npe yog ntau uas nws kim heev.

Xav txog tej yam ib tug peb-theem network, txhua txoj kab ntawm uas yog kev cob cog rua nws tus kheej neeg pab pawg neeg. Thaum lawv tag nrho kuj kwv yees li sib npaug zos rau tag nrho system yog ruaj khov, tab sis cov nqi ho chim siab qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm currents yog los hom hu ua "skew theem" uas yuav ua kev puas lub tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd currents sis muaj tshwm sim nrog thaum uas tig mus kev twb kev txuas ntawm ntau yam hwj huam qhov chaw rau tib lub load. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yog hais tias tus phasing yog ua kom raug, muaj ib tug khiav ntawm currents ntawm lub qhov chaw (luv luv hais), tab sis los ntawm qhov uas tsis yog theem kab tau los ntawm luv luv-circuiting. Obviously, tus sis ntawm currents manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Tsis tau ntau tshaj yog feem ntau yog Ampere txoj kev cai.

Yog hais tias nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus txheem ncej ntawm ib tug magnet (zoo li qub magnetic teb) yog muab tso rau rooj noj ncej, los ntawm kev uas tam sim no, nws yuav tig mus rau ib tug tej yam lub txiav txim los ntawm tus quab yuam kev sis raug zoo ntawm ob magnetic teb thiab taw qhia kom paub cov kab ntawm nro. Qhov no quab yuam tau txiav txim thiab formulated nyob rau hauv 1820 los ntawm tus naas ej Fabkis physicist A. M. Amperom.

Tam sim no siv lub nram qab no formulation: thaum tus tam sim no ntws los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nyias seem nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb, tus quab yuam DF, muaj ib feem nyob rau ib yam cheeb tsam (dl) cov hlau yog ib tug ncaj qha kev ua ntawm tam sim no siv kuv thiab cov vector khoom ntawm ntev dl rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub magnetic induction B. Qhov ntawd yog:

DF = (Kuv * dl) * B,

nyob F, l, B - vector ntau.

Txiav txim cov kev taw qhia ntawm F feem ntau yog nqa tawm ib tug heev yooj yim txoj kev - sab laug-tes txoj cai. Hlwb sab laug sab caj npab yuav tsum tau positioned kom cov kab ntawm nro ntawm lub magnetic induction (B) muaj nyob rau hauv lub qhib txhais tes nyob rau ntawm ib lub ntawm 90 degrees, 4 rectified ntiv tes taw kev taw qhia ntawm tam sim no (los ntawm "+" mus rau "-"), ces bent ntawm txoj cai ces kaum tus ntiv tes xoo qhia kev taw qhia kuj nyob rau tam sim no-nqa neeg xyuas pib Ampere quab yuam.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu rau lub dag lub zog ntawm kev sis raug zoo ntawm thaum uas tig mus currents. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug general txoj cai. Sawv cev rau ob thaum uas tig mus conductors nrog tam sim no nyob rau hauv vacuo, qhov ntev ntawm uas yog infinite. Qhov kev ncua deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog denoted «r» tsab ntawv. Txhua neeg xyuas pib (currents I1 thiab I2) generates ib tug sib nqus teb nyob ib ncig ntawm nws tus kheej, li ntawd, lawv sib tham. induction kab yog voj voog.

Cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov magnetic induction vectors B1 txiav txim los ntawm txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo. Ntawm no yog cov mis:

B1 = (m0 / 4Pi) * (2 * I1 / r);

qhov twg m0 yog lub magnetic qhov; r - nrug; Pi - 3,14.

Thov lub mis rau nrhiav txoj kev Ampere quab yuam, peb tau txais:

dF12 = (I2 * dl) * B1;

nyob rau dF12 - tej yam quab yuam teb neeg xyuas pib 1 rau neeg xyuas pib 2.

Fais fab Module yog:

dF12 = (m0 / 4Pi) * (2 * I1 * I2 / r) * dl.

Yog hais tias qhov ntev l sib npaug ntawm xoom kom ib tug, ces:

F12 = (m0 / 4Pi) * (2 * I1 * I2 / r).

Qhov no yog qhov dag zog yuam uas ua rau ib tug kev unit ntev ntawm tam sim no-nqa hlau. Yog hais tias koj paub tus nqi ntawm F, nws tseem tau mus tsim ib tug txhim khu kev qha hluav taws xob lub tsheb, muab lub Ampere quab yuam. Nws kuj yog siv los mus laij lub magnetic qhov. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias, raws li nyob rau hauv lub cai ntawm sab laug tes, nws li nram no tias yog hais tias tam sim no sib yog tib yam, cov conductors yog twv thiab lwm yam - yog repelled.