Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab khoom cov roj Roj

Roj - thiab qhov no oily cov kua, uas yog ib qho nyob rau hauv sedimentary plhaub thaj tsam ntawm lub kiav txhab. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov zaub mov rau tib neeg. Roj yog ib co complex sib tov cyclanes, alkanes thiab arenes. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj oxygen, sulfur thiab nitrogen tebchaw. Cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg twb pom dua ib txhiab ib qho organic tshuaj, uas muaj txog li cuaj caum feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon, hydrogen kaum tsib feem pua, tsib feem pua leej faj, nitrogen thiab ib feem pua mus rau peb feem pua oxygen. roj kuj muaj xws li tebchaw thiab me me admixture ntawm mineral xwm. Cov tshauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj yog heev tsawg, nws tsis ntau tshaj ib tug kaum ntawm ib tug feem pua. Roj yog ntawm peb hom:

1. Ib qho yooj yim.

2. Nruab nrab.

3. Heavy.

Roj Burns thaum lub sij hawm lub tshav kub ntawm txog 43,7-46,2 MJ / kg, uas yog ib tug zoo kom zoo dua cov lwm combustibles.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov roj yuav nkag mus rau thiab teeb fractions uas rhaub ntawm ob puas degrees Celsius. Lawv muaj xws li mas methane hydrocarbons, piv txwv li alkanes. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm teeb zauv feem ntawm cov roj av khoom uas hais tias yog ua nyob rau hauv txawv localities, yuav txawv. Cycloalkanes, thiab uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons xws li, uas yog, lub arena nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov roj yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Qhov tseem lom Cheebtsam muaj nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov roj thiab roj av khoom uas justly xam tau tias yog muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons (arenes). Lawv hu ua mob toxicants. Qhov tseem active ntawm cov ceev ceev thiab muaj xws li benzene, toluene thiab xylene, raws li lawv muaj tsawg tsawg kub tshuaj. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau yam arenes xam tau tias yog yus mutagens thiab carcinogens. Cov feem ntau txaus ntshai pab pawg neeg theem - ib pab pawg neeg ntawm polycyclic uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons.

Cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm cov roj zoo muaj xws li ib tug loj kev faib ua feem ntawm methane khoom hydrocarbons - qhov thiaj li hu ua waxes. Lawv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau ntawd tej zaum yuav ntau tshaj kaum tsib feem pua.

Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm paraffinic roj khoom raug muab faib ua ob peb pab neeg: cov

1. Roj maloparafinovogo muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lawv yog cov tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib nrab feem pua ntawm cov paraffins nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg.

2. Roj sredneparafinovogo muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no roj muaj mus txog rau feem pua ntawm cov ciab.

3. Vysokoparafinovaya roj. Ntawm no ciab muaj ntau tshaj li 6 feem pua.

Cov roj muaj tshuaj xws li chrysene, phenanthrene, benzpyrene, pyrene, tetrafeny. Nws kuj muaj cov uas tsis-hydrocarbon Cheebtsam - resins thiab asphaltenes, uas ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ntawm no mineral.

Los ntawm ib tug tej taw tes ntawm view tseem ceeb roj Cheebtsam yog leej faj tebchaw. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, roj thiab muab faib ua peb pawg:

1. qab zib nyoos. Nws muaj txog li ib nrab ib tug feem pua ntawm cov leej faj.

2. Cov sulphurous roj. Ntawm no, cov leej faj cov ntsiab lus tsis pub tshaj ob feem pua.

3. Cov high-leej faj roj. Qhov no tag nrho cov roj cov khoom uas muaj ntau tshaj li ob feem pua ntawm sulfur.

roj zog, uas yog qhov yooj yim txhais ntawm lub qhov siab ntawm nws zoo, muaj xws li:

1. Ceev. Nrog kev hwm rau cov roj feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab nws ceev nrog rau kev hwm mus distilled dej. Cov kev ceev ntawm lub roj feem ntau yog hom twg los ntawm 0.8 mus 0.9 g / cm3, tab sis tseem muaj hom ntawm cov roj, cov kev ceev ntawm uas tej zaum yuav mus txog 0.98 g / cm3.

2. Viscosity. Faib zwj ceeb, kinematic thiab dynamic viscosity.

3. Molecular ceeb thawj. Nws yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws taw qhia ntawm qhov zoo tshaj ntawm siv roj av. Lub molecular ceeb thawj los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov roj yog tsawg tshaj li 300 g / mol.

4. Cov refractive index. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev qhov taw qhia rau cov roj cov khoom, uas muaj txoj mixtures ntawm txawv tshuaj.

5. fractional muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tag nrho cov tshuaj uas, txawm nyob rau hauv me me muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj, yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau nws zoo.