Cov nqaijrog: kev faib ntawm cov protein thiab muaj nuj nqi

Ib tug zoo-paub philosopher Karl Marx ib zaug npaj raws li nram no txhais ntawm "lub neej" - ib daim ntawv ntawm cov hav zoov uas muaj protein ntau lub cev. Thiab nrog rau qhov no daim ntawv qhia nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus hais lus cam. Hauv plawv ntawm tej tsiaj kab mob yog precisely cov khoom no. Yuav ua li cas nta seb lawv tseem ceeb functions? Cov hauj lwm cov nqaijrog? Classification, qauv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab los sib tham nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Lub tswvyim ntawm cov organic tshuaj

Cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov organic tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lub muaj sia nyob, xws li cov nqaijrog, lipids, carbohydrates thiab nucleic acids. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov biopolymers - complex lug muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm rov qab ua dua units. Piv txwv li, lipids muaj polyalcohol glycerol thiab fatty acids. Tej rov qab ua dua qhov chaw uas hu ua monomers. Lawv yog cov tsis muaj kev zam thiab proteins. Suam ntawm cov nqaijrog thiab lwm yam organic tshuaj, nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, raws li nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv.

Protein - lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej

Feeb nws yog lam xav hais tias cov protein puag tsuas muaj tsiaj muaj tus kab mob. Thiab, tseeb, muaj enriched nrog no yeeb tshuaj, peb noj nqaij npuas thiab nqaij nyuj nqaij, nqaij qaib, qe thiab ntses. Tab sis ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm qhov no yam khoom uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv tsob nroj khoom noj. Legumes (taum, taum mog, txiv laum huab xeeb, taum pauv) yog fount zaub proteins.

Tus qauv ntawm cov nqaijrog

Cov nqaijrog yog yooj yim tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv. Lawv tsim los ntawm monomers hu ua amino acids. Qhov no yog qhov organic khoom uas muaj sia nyob, uas muaj xws li cov tshuaj caij nitrogen.

Ib tug protein muaj nees nkaum amino acids. Nyob rau hauv lem, txhua monomer muaj ib tug carbon atom uas lub caij nrog hydrogen, ib tug amino pab pawg neeg, ib tug carboxyl pab pawg neeg thiab ib tug tshaj dhau. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm atoms, cov uas amino acids txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Uas yog vim li cas cov nqaijrog yog li miv nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab cov kev khiav dej num lawv ua tau.

protein qauv

Nyob rau hauv lub complexity ntawm cov protein qauv yog muab faib ua plaub:

1. Thawj yog ib cov saw ntawm cov amino acids txuas los ntawm peptide bonds. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha ntawm cov amino thiab karboksogruppy.

2. Secondary - cov amino acid saw yog cov mus rau hauv ib tug kauv. Kev sib txuas uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv no yog hu ua hydrogen.

3. Tertiary nruab nrab yog ib tug globule. Nws yog ib tug kauj ntawm coiled coils theem nrab qauv.

4. Quaternary - globule molecules sawv cev rau ib txheej ntawm ob peb xws lug.

Cov yav tas qauv tej zaum yuav untwisted mus rau cov thawj thiab vice versa. Cov dab yog reversible thiab hu ua de- thiab renaturation. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov thawj qauv - kev puas tsuaj - yog irreversible.

Cov nqaijrog: kev faib ntawm cov nqaijrog

Nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg paub qhov txawv tej yam yooj yim thiab complex proteins. Tus thawj muaj tsuas amino acids nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ntxiv muaj xws li prosthetic pab pawg neeg. Nws yog ib feem ntawm nonprotein xwm.

Ib suam ntawm tej yam yooj yim cov nqaijrog (proteids) raws li nyob rau hauv lawv cov tshuaj xwm. Piv txwv li, histones thiab protamines muaj yooj yim zog, vim feem ntau yog muaj li ntawm arginine. Lawv yog cov Cheebtsam ntawm complex cov nqaijrog thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub cell nuclei. Prolamins yog cov nqaijrog ntawm tsob nroj keeb kwm thiab nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lub noob ntawm cereals. Albumin thiab globulin - Cheebtsam ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav.

Classification complex ntawm cov nqaijrog uas txuam nrog prostatic xwm pab pawg neeg. Yog li, ib tug ib feem ntawm glycoproteins, tsuas yog amino acids, carbohydrate residues muaj.

Mis casein, albumin, noog qe, ntses qe ihtulin - kuj complex proteins. Lawv hu ua phosphoproteins muaj ib tug yam ntxwv ib feem ntawm ib tug mineral acid.

Lub remnants ntawm DNA thiab RNA nrog amino acids yog ib feem ntawm lub nucleoprotein, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub cellular lug.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav, mob ntsws ntaub so ntswg, lub mitochondria, cell week yog lipoproteins. Lawv prostatic pab pawg neeg uas muaj derivatives ntawm cov nqaijrog.

Tias yog li ntawd ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm proteins. Suam ntawm cov nqaijrog kuj yuav raws li nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov amino acids. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm nws tus kheej tsim nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lawv hu ua nonessential. Amino acids yog cov lwm yam hom yuav ua nws tsuas yog los ntawm sab nraum. Qhov no tseem ceeb cov amino acids. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tsuas tsiaj keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, tus zaum hais tias cov nqaij zaub mov yog tsim nyog rau ib txwm loj hlob ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev.

Suam ntawm cov nqaijrog muaj nuj nqi

Nrog haumxeeb kab muaj ntau pawg ntawm qhov tseem ceeb organic tebchaw. Enzymatic cov nqaijrog yog lom catalysts. Lawv kom tshuaj haum, nws tsis nkag mus rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, amylase thiab maltase muaj nyob rau hauv lub muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qaub ncaug tib neeg, cleaved complex carbohydrates rau tej yam yooj yim twb nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Lub pais plab lipase enzyme emulsifies rog rau monomers. Muaj yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov nqaijrog muaj cov lus rov nyhuv, tseg cia cov kev ceev ntawm lub tshua. Lawv yog cov hu ua inhibitors.

Cov tshuaj hormones yog tseem tshuaj uas muaj protein ntau keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu emit lawv tshwj xeeb kabmob hu ua qog. Piv txwv li, lub pituitary caj pas, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub hlwb secretes txoj kev loj hlob lawm. Nws nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, uas accumulates maj rau lub ntau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev.

Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm cov ntshav cov nqaijrog hu ua tshuaj. Lawv txoj hauj lwm yog rau neutralize kab hais thiab txawv teb chaws ces mus rau hauv lub cev. Tshuaj tau paub thiab kom lawv puas tsuaj los ntawm phagocytosis - intracellular digestion. Ua tau hauj lwm ntawm tus tiv thaiv cov nqaijrog txiav txim rau theem ntawm cov tib neeg tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog cov muaj peev xwm mus tiv thaiv tus kab mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab kab mob xwm.

Thauj protein globin ib feem ntawm cov ntshav liab, uas nqa nkev pauv. Actin thiab myosin yog contractile cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv cov nqaij cov ntaub so ntswg.

Ntawm no yog raws li ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv tus qauv thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov proteins. Suam ntawm cov nqaijrog raws li nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv tshuaj nyob tus yeees thiab haumxeeb nta.