Muaj pes tsawg leeg tib neeg cov qaub ncaug

Qaub ncaug yog ib tug pob tshab kua muaj tsis muaj xim. Qhov no yog qhov pub leejtwg ntawm qaub ncaug yog sib cais nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Nws muab ib tug saj xaav, articulate, lubricates chewed zaub mov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov qaub ncaug muaj antibacterial thaj chaw, cleans lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, tiv thaiv cov hniav los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Vim hauv lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm kua nyob rau hauv koj lub qhov ncauj enzymes pib lub plab zom mov ntawm carbohydrates. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav tham txog cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm tib neeg cov qaub ncaug.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qaub ncaug

Cov qog nyob rau hauv lub anterior ib feem ntawm cov hnyuv, muaj ib tug luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv muab kev pab zoo lub xeev ntawm tib neeg qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab ncaj qha mus koom nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov txheej txheem. Cov qaub ncaug rau hauv cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv me me thiab cov loj loj. Cov yav tas los xws li buccal, hniav puas, labial, lingual, palatal, tab sis peb xav nyob rau hauv loj muaj qaub ncaug, vim hais tias cov qaub ncaug yog feem ntau siv rau hauv lawv.

Cov lub cev muaj xws li lub tso pa tawm sublingual, submandibular, parotid caj pas. Ua ntej, raws li lub npe implies, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sublingual quav nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj mucosa. Submandibular nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub puab tsaig. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog cov parotid qog, muaj raws ntawm ob peb lobes.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias ob me me thiab loj loj muaj qaub ncaug tsis paim cov qaub ncaug ncaj qha, lawv tsim tshwj xeeb zais cia, thiab cov qaub ncaug tsim thaum no zais cia nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yog tov nrog rau lwm cov ntsiab.

biochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg

Qaub ncaug muaj ib tug pH theem ntawm 5.6 rau 7.6 thiab muaj 98,5 feem pua ntawm cov dej, thiab kuj muaj ib txoj lw ntsiab, ntsev ntawm ntau yam acids, alkali hlau cations, ib co vitamins, lysozyme thiab lwm yam enzymes. Organic yooj yim tshuaj nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg - cov nqaijrog uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub muaj qaub ncaug. Ib feem ntawm cov protein yog ntshiab keeb kwm.

enzymes

Ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj uas ua tau tus tib neeg cov qaub ncaug, qhov loj tshaj kev txaus siab yog enzymes. Qhov no organic tshuaj muaj ib tug proteinaceous keeb kwm, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev hlwb thiab leeb tshuaj dab tshwm sim nyob rau ntawd. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias enzyme yog tsis tshwm sim muaj tshuaj hloov, lawv pab raws li ib tug zoo ntawm catalyst, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm khaws lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qauv mus rau lub hom phiaj zoo.

Yuav ua li cas enzymes yog muaj nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov qaub ncaug? Lub ntsiab ntawm lawv - nws maltase, amylase, ptyalin, peroxidase, oxidase thiab lwm yam protein tshuaj. Lawv muaj ib qho tseem ceeb functions: txhawb lub liquefaction ntawm khoom noj khoom haus, tsim nws cov thawj zaug tshuaj ua, tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb bolus thiab qog ua kua tshuaj - mucin - envelop nws. Yuav kom muab tso nws tsuas, enzymes uas yog ib feem ntawm cov qaub ncaug, nqos ntawm cov zaub mov thiab pab txhawb nws cov zaj rau hauv lub plab los ntawm cov hlab pas. Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov ib tug tshaj plaws: cov zaub mov nrog rau tej zom nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj yog tsuas yog rau cov neeg nkaum rau peb caug vib nas this, thiab ces nkag mus rau lub plab, muaj qaub enzymes tab sis txawm tom qab no txuas ntxiv mus rau muaj ib cov nyhuv rau lub bolus.

Raws li kev tshawb fawb, ib tug tag nrho ntawm enzymes ua rau cov zaub mov rau hais txog peb caug feeb, kom txog thaum lub sij hawm ntawd thaum nws pib mus rau daim ntawv pais plab kua txiv.

Lwm yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm

Feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov qaub ncaug muaj pab pawg neeg kev antigens uas sib haum mus rau lub antigens ntawm cov ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cai kev cov nqaijrog - phosphoprotein muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm kev kho hniav cov quav hniav thiab tartar, thiab salivoprotein pab mus rau lub deposition rau ntawm cov hniav fosforokaltsievyh sib txuas.

Me me ntawm cov qaub ncaug xws li cov roj cholesterol thiab nws esters, glycerophospholipids, free fatty acids, cov tshuaj hormones (cov tshuaj no, progesterone, cortisol, testosterone), thiab ntau yam vitamins thiab lwm yam. Minerals yog anions chlorides, bicarbonates, iodides, phosphates, bromide, fluoride, cations ntawm sodium, magnesium, hlau, poov tshuaj, poov hlau, strontium, tooj liab, thiab lwm tus neeg. Qaub Ncaug, ntxoov thiab softening cov zaub mov, muab kev kawm ntawv bolus thiab ua yooj yim tus txheej txheem ntawm nqos. Khoom noj khoom haus tom qab impregnation yog raug mus rau ib tug pub leejtwg paub thawj zaug tshuaj kho mob twb nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, nyob rau hauv uas lub α-amylase carbohydrates, cov hydrolyzed rau hauv maltose thiab dextrins.

zog

Peb twb hais txog nrog cov kev khiav dej num ntawm cov qaub ncaug, tab sis tam sim no wb tham txog lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Yog li ntawd caj pas tsim ib daim card, nws yog tov nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj thiab tsim qaub ncaug. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim tom ntej no? Qaub ncaug pib los npaj zaub mov rau cov tom zom cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub duodenum thiab lub plab. Yog li, txhua enzyme belongs rau nyob tus yeees ntawm cov qaub ncaug, nws accelerates tus txheej txheem no ob peb zaug, splitting mus rau hauv me me Cheebtsam (monosaccharides, maltose), tej yam Cheebtsam ntawm cov khoom (polysaccharides, cov nqaijrog, carbohydrates).

Thaum lub sij hawm cov kev tshawb fawb nws pom hais tias, tsuas yog cov liquefaction ntawm cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov qaub ncaug muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb functions. Yog li, nws cleans lub qhov ncauj mucosa thiab cov hniav ntawm pathogenic microorganisms thiab lawv metabolic khoom. Tiv lub luag hauj lwm txawm immunoglobulins thiab lysozyme muaj nyob rau hauv lub biochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qaub ncaug. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub secretory kev ua si ntawm lub qhov ncauj mucosa yog humidified, thiab nws yog ib tug tsim nyog mob rau ob-txoj kev thauj ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm cov qaub ncaug thiab lub qhov ncauj mucosa.

hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm

Properties thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qaub ncaug hloov raws li cov kev ceev thiab qhov xwm ntawm tus secretion ntawm lub pathogen. Piv txwv li, thaum uas siv cov chocolates, biscuits, ib ntus zog lactate thiab piam thaj ntau ntau rau cov mixed qaub ncaug. Thaum lub sij hawm lub stimulation ntawm cov qaub ncaug secretion nyob rau hauv sodium concentration ho tsub kom, bicarbonates, dog dig txo iodine thiab poov tshuaj. Muaj pes tsawg leeg tib neeg cov qaub ncaug uas haus luamyeeb muaj xws li thiocyanates ob peb lub sij hawm ntau dua piv nrog cov tsis haus.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam tshuaj mas nws txawv nyob rau hauv tej yam pathological tej yam kev mob thiab cov kab mob. Cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm cov qaub ncaug undergoes hnub hloov mus hloov los, thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog, e.g., nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus yog heev zog theem ntawm calcium. Cov kev hloov no tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau intoxication thiab tshuaj thawj coj. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib tug ntse txo nyob rau hauv salivation thaum lub sij hawm lub cev qhuav dej; nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib tsub kom tus nqi ntawm cov piam thaj; nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm uremia tsub kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov seem nitrogen. Thaum nws yog hloov cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qaub ncaug, cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho hniav kab mob thiab digestive mob.

secretion

Feem ntau, ib hnub twg rau ib tug neeg laus yog faib rau ob litres ntawm cov qaub ncaug, cov secretion tus nqi yog sis tsis ncaj: thaum lub sij hawm pw tsaug zog tsawg heev (min - tsawg tshaj li 0.05 milliliter) nyob rau hauv wakefulness - nyob rau hauv hais txog 0.5 milliliters ib feeb, thaum tsa salivation - ib feeb mus txog 2.3 milliliters. Secret faib rau txhua tus caj pas, yog tov nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj nyob rau hauv ib substance. Ncauj kua (cov qaub ncaug los yog mixed) yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm muaj ntawm mus tas li microflora, muaj raws ntawm cov kab mob, spirochetes, fungi thiab lawv metabolic khoom, raws li zoo raws li muaj qaub hlwb (leukocytes uas tau migrated rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav mas los ntawm cov pos hniav) thiab nws txo qis epithelial hlwb. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qaub ncaug, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog cais los ntawm lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav, hnoos qeev, erythrocytes.

nta salivation

Salivation yog tswj los ntawm lub autonomic lub paj hlwb. yog nws chaw nyob rau hauv lub medulla oblongata. Thaum stimulation ntawm parasympathetic txoj tsim loj qhov ntau ntawm cov qaub ncaug muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj protein cov ntsiab lus. Conversely, sympathetic stimulation yuav secretion ntawm ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm khov kua.

Salivation txo vim hais tias ntawm kev ntshai, kev nyuaj siab, lub cev qhuav dej, nws yuav luag nres thaum tus neeg pw. Amplification kev sib cais tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm saj thiab olfactory stimuli thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab stimulation ua los ntawm loj hais thaum lub sij hawm zom zaub mov.