Cov kws sau paj lug Tomas Eliot: Biography, creativity

Thomas Stearns Eliot - American kws sau paj lug muas thaum chiv thawj los ntawm lub xeev ntawm Missouri (St. Louis). Nyob rau xyoo 1922 nws luam tawm nws nto moo zaj paj huam "Lub Khib av." Qhov no ua hauj lwm ntawm Ezra Phaus, nws saib thiab cov phooj ywg, hu ua tus coos sau nyob rau hauv lus Askiv kwv huam. Thiab T. Eliot yeej lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv 1948.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov kws sau paj lug

Thomas Stearns Eliot yug nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tsev neeg. Nws yog tus me nyuam yau tshaj. Ntawm cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm lub kws sau paj lug rau nws txiv lub sab yog lub Rev. U. G. Eliot, leej twg nrhiav tau lub St. Louis Washington University. Nrog niam pog koob yawg koob ntawm Eliot Ayzek Sternz paub hais tias ib tug ntawm cov thawj tsiv mus rau Massachusetts.

Genri Uer Eliot, Thomas tus txiv yog ib tug muaj nyiaj industrialist thiab Charlotte Stearns, nws niam - ib tug poj niam ntawv ntse thiab zoo-kawm ntawv. Nws tsim ib tug yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nqe lus no, raws li zoo raws li ib tug biography ntawm U. G. Eliota.

kev kawm lub sij hawm, rau hauv thaum ntxov ua hauj lwm

Thomas pib sau ntawv paj huam thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum plaub. Nws thaum ntxov ua hauj lwm yog cim los ntawm tus tej hauj lwm ntawm Omar Khayyam. Zoo li tag nrho cov avant-garde kws sau paj lug, tus tub hluas Thomas yog ib tug ntxeev siab, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kawm ntiaj teb no. Txawm li cas los, tom qab lub ntsiab teeb meem yog cov creation ntawm tus sau lub hwj huam ntsoog. Thomas xav catastrophic dab uas tsav lub neej ntawm haiv neeg. Nws tragic kws sau paj lug dhau nrog astonishing quab yuam.

Qhov kawg ntawm tsev kawm ntawv ntiav nyob rau hauv St. Louis, Thomas ntxiv nws kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov Massachusetts College ntawm private. Ib xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1906, nws twb cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv Harvard University. Koj, feemxyuam me nyuam kawm ntawv rau peb lub xyoos, kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv lub plaub xyoo, nws tau txais ib tug master degree.

By lub sij hawm no sau ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv "Harvard advoket", edited los ntawm Eliot yog los ntawm 1909 mus 1910. Tom qab ntawd, nws mus rau Paris, qhov chaw uas nws tau mus kawm lectures nyob rau Sorbonne. Elliott tau ntsib nrog cov ntaub ntawv Fabkis, nrog rau cov Symbolist paj huam. Symbolism xav nws tseem nyob rau ntawm Harvard. Tomas Eliot nyeem Jules Laforgue, ib tug sau uas hais txog qhov no sib. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws twb attracted los ntawm phau ntawv "Lub zog ntawm symbolism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv" A. Simons. Nws tau pab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Eliot raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug.

Qhov kev txiav txim rau muab nws lub neej rau cov ntaub ntawv

Rov qab mus rau Harvard nyob rau hauv 1911, Thomas pib sau lub tswv yim sib cav mob siab F. G. Bredli, English idealist philosopher. Nws kuj kawm Buddhism thiab Sanskrit. Sheldonian nyiaj pab kawm ntawv rau Tomas Eliot mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab hais. Nyob rau hauv Oxford, Merton College, uas nws tau qhia Bradley, nws kawm philosophy. Tom qab ntau npaum li cas tsis ntseeg thiab hesitation Eliot txiav txim siab mus devote nws lub neej mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, yog li nws tsis rov qab mus rau tiv thaiv nws thesis ntawm Harvard. Thomas tseem nyob rau hauv London, qhov twg nws sau paj huam. Ib txhia ntawm lawv, nrog rau cov kev pab txhawb nqa ntawm Wyndham Lewis thiab Ezra Phaus, twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1915.

Eliot muaj mus khwv tau ib tug nyob, ua txog ib lub xyoo qhia ntawv, tom qab uas nws tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub bank, "Lloyd" clerk. Nyob rau hauv 1925, lub kws sau paj lug pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv "Faber Guayer End", thawj raws li kev sau ntawv editor ntawm lub publishing tsev, thiab ces raws li ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab.

thawj sib yuav

Tomas Eliot tau sib yuav nyob rau hauv 1915. Nws tau los ua ib tug darling Viven Heyvud. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov kev sib yuav yog tsis zoo siab, qhov ob peb tau nyob ua ke rau kaum cuaj xyoos. Vivien tom qab sib nrauj yog nyob rau hauv ib tug puas siab ntsws hauv tsev kho mob. Nws tuag no nyob rau hauv 1947.

Cov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal, tshiab tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1917 mus 1919, Thomas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub magazine "Egoist" deputy editor. Nws thaum ntxov kwv huam pib tshwm nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm periodicals, xws li "Catholic anthology" E. Phaus. Ntawm no, nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1915. Nyob rau hauv "Hogarth Xovxwm" Leonard thiab Virdzhiniya Vulf muab ob tug tshiab sau los ntawm cov kwv huam los ntawm Thomas - "Prufrock thiab lwm yam kev soj" (1917) thiab "Kwv huam" (1919). Cov tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Laforgue tej hauj lwm yog cim los ntawm kev chim siab nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag.

Tus thawj tseem ceeb zaj paj huam ntawm TS Eliot los ua "Hlub Song J. Alfred Prufrock." Nws captures yuav pab tau, ornate, respectful, zoo-lub ntsiab lus hero, uas yog ib tug hais lus impediment, thiab yog indecisive, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov poj niam. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb milestone nyob rau hauv lub paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nyob rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov paj huam sau los ntawm ntau critics, thiab George. Berryman, American kws sau paj lug, ntseeg hais tias nws yog niaj hnub paj huam pib nrog nws.

TS Eliot - critic

Nrog rau lub koob meej loj hlob ntawm TS Eliot raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab tseem hais ntxiv nws lub koob npe nrov raws li ib tug txawj critic. Txij li thaum 1919, Thomas yog ib tug tsis tu ncua contributor rau cov zajlus ntxiv mus rau lub "Times" ( "Times litereri sapplment"). Muaj nyob nws series ntawm cov khoom devoted mus rau Jacobin thiab cov Elizabethan ua yeeb yam. Ua ke nrog lwm tus neeg, lawv tau los ua ib feem ntawm tus sau los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm TS Eliot, "Holy Ntoo" (1920). Nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm tseem ceeb heev ntawm Dante, Shakespeare, Marlowe, Dryden, George Herbert, John donne, Andrew Marvell sau twb sim rov qab mus rau lub kws sau paj lug lub neej, uas, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, yog ib tug zoo ua hauj lwm thiab nyiaj thuam. Muaj ntau views tau reflected nyob rau hauv lub tom qab Eliot "Krayterione" tseem ceeb heev txaus nrov magazine, uas yog luam tawm plaub zaug ib xyoos nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1922 mus 1939

"Lub Khib av"

Nyob rau xyoo 1922 Tomas Eliot luam tawm nws nto moo paj huam. Raws li peb tau twb tau sau tseg, nws tau muaj npe ntawm cov coos kwv huam tsim nyob rau hauv lus Askiv. Ezra Phaus qhia nws hyperbola (tom qab cov khoom tsuas muaj 434 kab) thiab cov nplua mais ntawm cov paj huam npaum nkaus concentration nyob rau hauv no paj huam. Los ntawm txoj kev, Phaus koom nyob rau hauv lub editing ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws txiav qhov kawg version ntawm cov paj huam los ntawm hais txog ib tug thib peb.

Muaj ntau zoo-paub critics ntseeg tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm uas tsim ib tug Tomas Eliot - "Lub Khib av." Nws tau pab cov kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm cov paj huam. Cov khoom muaj 5 qhov chaw. Lawv koom siab los ntawm tswv yim ntawm yaig ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab ntxiv lawm tshob. Cov paj huam, uas reflected lub siab thiab ntseeg ntawm lub postwar lub sij hawm, qhia tus mus ob peb vas ntawm ib tug era.

Kev cai raus dej thiab British pej xeem

T. S. Eliot nyob rau hauv 1927 tau ua kevcai raus dej nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Anglican. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws twb tso cai British pej xeem. Tomas Eliot, uas nws cov paj huam twb tau nrov nyob rau hauv phau ntawv nws sau los ntawm tsab ntawv hu ua "Nyob rau hauv kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Lancelot Andrews," hu nws tus kheej ib tug classicist nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv kev ntseeg thiab anglokatolikom royalist nyob rau hauv nom tswv. Thomas yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv keenly xav nyob rau hauv lus Askiv kab lis kev cai. Kawm ntawv ua ke txawm hu nws ib tug dag lub Englishman tag nrho lawm, tsuas yog haiv neeg thiab luag Iwm haiv neeg. Yog li, raws li nws British pej xeem dee. Txawm li cas los, cov kev hloov mus rau Eliot Koom Txoos ntawm ces yog ib tug ncaim kab lig kev cai ntawm Unitarianism, noj nyob rau hauv nws tsev neeg, txawm lub fact tias nws txaus siab nws xav tau kev ntshiab thiab nruj kev ncaj ncees qhov tseem ceeb (Thomas yog ib tug Puritan nyob rau hauv keeb kwm).

Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, Eliot lub "Tshauv Wednesday" (1930) reflected lub hlwb anguish uas cim nws proselytizing. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm ntawm kev puas hlwb tsis meej pem thiab txawj ntse Thomas txhais zaj paj huam "Anabasis" Saint-John Perse (nyob rau hauv 1930). Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog ib tug zoo ntawm sab ntsuj plig keeb kwm ntawm noob neej.

plays Eliot

Nyob rau hauv 1930, Thomas sau tau ib poetic yeebyam "Tua neeg nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral" (1935) thiab "Pob zeb" (1934). Cov hauj lwm twb tsim kev cai dab qhuas ua yeeb yam. Cov ntawm no yog ib tug philosophical morality. Nws lub ntsiab - qhov kev txom nyem ntawm St. T. Beckett. Cov paj huam yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntawm TS Eliot. Nrog cov loj loj zoo nws yog nyob rau hauv theaters nyob rau hauv lub US thiab cov teb chaws Europe.

Plays Elliott ntawm lub neej niaj hnub, xws li "Tsev Neeg rov sib ntsib" Yav tsaus ntuj Cocktail "," Private Secretary "thiab" Cov neeg laus statesman "(1939, 1950, 1954 thiab 1959, ntsig txog) pom tau hais tias tsawg yam. Thomas yog tsis heev tau sau lub ntsiab ntawm ancient qee kawm cov ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los, cov "Yav tsaus ntuj cocktail" nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm yog ib tug zoo zoo nyob rau hauv theaters, nyob rau ob sab ntawm lub Atlantic.

Kwv huam 1940 thiab cov Nobel nqi zog

Nyob rau hauv 1940, Thomas sau xws kwv huam li "East Coker" (1940), "Burnt Norton", "Qhuav Selveydzhes" (tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv 1941), "Me Gidding" (1942) thiab "Plaub Quartets" ( nyob rau hauv 1943). Muaj ntau critics lees paub tej hauj lwm ntawm cov feem ntau paub tab nyob rau hauv Eliot lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Txhua yam ntawm lawv yog xav, tshwm sim los ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes nyob rau hauv uas tus sau zaum hiab kev txiav txim txog lub sij hawm, keeb kwm, qhov xwm ntawm yam lus, tus kheej puas.

Eliot Thomas, nws phau ntawv tau raug lees paub tias nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, yeej lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv 1948. Anders Esterling, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Swedish Academy, nyuab siab nyob rau hauv nws hais lus tias Thomas tus kwv huam yog ib tug ntawm "ib tug pob zeb diamond sharpness" mus tsoo rau hauv lub nco qab ntawm cov niaj hnub tiam.

Ob txhais sib yuav thiab txoj kev tuag ntawm cov kws sau paj lug

Nyob rau hauv 1957 nws yuav EV Fletcher Tomas Eliot. Nws biography xaus nyob rau hauv 1965, thaum nws tuag ua ntej lub hnub nyoog ntawm 76 xyoo. TS Eliot yog faus nyob rau hauv East Coker.

Yog vim li cas rau lub chaw ntawm Eliot

Yog vim li cas yog lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Thomas Eliot yog tseem txaus siab rau ntau yam? Yog vim li cas yog ntau yam. Chief ntawm lawv yog qhov tseeb hais tias qhov no sau tau los ua qhov loj tshaj plaws renovator ntawm cov paj huam. Kwv huam nyob rau hauv lus Askiv txhais TS Eliot Jimenez, Montale thiab Seferis. By 1969, Thomas tej hauj lwm tau txhais mus rau hauv lub loj European lus, raws li tau zoo raws li Suav, Japanese, Urdu, Hindi, Arabic, thiab hais txog. D. Thiab nta tej ntawv nyob rau hauv America los yog hais hauv phau ntawv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub paj huam, raws li ib tug txoj cai, pib nrog thesis rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm TS Eliot, rau qhov zoo pab nws tau ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lus creativity.

Lub complexity ntawm lub xaav ntawm creativity Eliot

To taub cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv lus Askiv los no cov sau yog tsis yooj yim, raws li tus neeg txhais lus ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Qhov tseeb hais tias Eliot yog ib qho elitist kws sau paj lug. Nws tej hauj lwm yog tsis yog ib tug kiag li tshiab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm paj huam. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm Thomas tsis npav lub sij hawm. Nws lossi thov rau cov tshuaj tshiab cov teeb meem thiab tshiab kos duab.

Txhob txwm elitism, lub avant-garde xwm ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm no sau ua rau lub fact tias nws tej hauj lwm yog tsis yooj yim rau to taub. Thawj nyuaj lus dag nyob rau hauv lub complex philosophic. Tus sau coj yuav tsum muaj cov lus nug ntawm tib neeg hav zoov. Eliot yog hais txog nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm mus rau qhov tseeb zoo nkauj thiab philosophical tswv yim. Nws tsis yog paub lawv artistic lus piv txwv. Cov kws sau paj lug nws tus kheej yog koj sim mus nrhiav kev daws rau ntau yam teeb meem.

Qhov thib ob muaj teeb meem lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws muaj tswv yim ua si echoes, allusions, yim pab thiab thiaj li nyob. Qhov no tso cai rau lub kws sau paj lug thawb rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm yam kev cai txawv thiab cov muaj hnub nyoog, tsis yog tso saib tam sim no kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis kuj qhia tau tias lawv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lwm cov phenomena kab lis kev cai nrog yav dhau los. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub khoom ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm no cov sau no feem ntau yog muab ncauj lus kom ntxaws comments.

Qhov thib peb feature kos duab Eliot, uas complicates nws to taub, muaj xws li ib tug loj tus nqi, uas yog vim li them daim ntawv. Piv txwv li, cov khoom "Plaub Quartet" muaj cov melodic tswvyim uas tau pom tias los ntawm nws kev nkag siab Eliot Beethoven (los yog es, nws tom qab quartets).

Nws yuav ua tau ib lub sij hawm ntev los tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Eliot. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los npog ib tug tseem ceeb thiab tsis tshua muaj thawj artistic phenomenon. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas, rau TS Eliot complexity tsis yog ib qho kawg nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej. Nws yog cov zaub uas muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab tsis yog-tus qauv teeb meem ntawm paj huam, uas nws formulated thiab solved.

Cov phau ntawv yog hais txog miv

Tab sis tsis yeej ib txwm TS Eliot yog li ntawd complex, nws tsis yeej ib txwm ua hauj lwm elitist. Nws yuav ua tau ib tug me ntsis npaj txhij txog, tab sis cov tsiaj yug hauv tsev yog xav nyob rau hauv xws paj huam raws li Tomas Eliot. Miv tau ua tus protagonists ntawm nws nto moo sau los ntawm cov kwv huam, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1939 ( "Nrov Science txog miv ..."). Cov hauj lwm muaj nyob rau hauv nws, tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1930. Lawv sau ntawv rau godchildren TS Eliot.

Tam sim no, qhov no sau los yog tej zaum cov feem ntau zoo-paub phau ntawv hais txog miv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws paub txhua txhua tus kiv cua ntawm cov tsiaj. Ib tug loj sib qhia kom paub sau coj cov suab paj nruas "miv" E. L. Vebbera, xa rau nws thaj av.