Bleach, nws physico-tshuaj thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom

Bleach kuj tau hu calcium hypochlorite los yog tshuaj dawb tso hmoov. Txawm hais tias tom kawg lub sij hawm yog tsis heev, vim hais tias lub substance yog ib tug complex sib tov thiab nws muaj xws li tsis tsuas hypochlorite (Ca (ClO) 2), tab sis kuj oxychloride (CaClO), chloride (CaCl2), calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2). Tsis tas li ntawd tej zaum yuav tam sim no raws li ib tug impurity hlau chloride (III), uas muab lub txiaj ntsim rau ib tug yellowish tint. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, qhov no compound muaj ib tug khoom sau ua ib pawg xeev, ib tug muaj zog tsw ntawm tshuaj thiab feem ntau dawb coloration. Cov dej yaj xwb calcium hypochlorite, cov tshuaj tso rau hauv lub chaw, thiab qhov nqi koj tshuav constituting ib tug sib tov tsim ib tug tuab precipitate - slurry.

Thaum ncaj qha tshav ntuj perchloric txiv qaub tawm pa, thiab raws li thaum cua sov nws decomposes nrog evolution ntawm tshav kub, uas yuav ua tau kom ib tug tawg. Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas, cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, txias (unheated) thiab ventilated chav. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog tshuaj dawb tso hmoov yuav tsum tau siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua pa system, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nws lawm thiab tsheb thauj mus los chaw ua haujlwm.

Los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm Science News for KIDS, bleach neeg sawv cev uas nws mis yog kaw CaCl (OCl), koom mixed (ob chav) ntsev, i.e., Nws muaj ob anions. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no compound yog ib tug muaj zog oxidant muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ib tug alkaline daws mus rau hloov MnO (manganese oxide (II)) → MnO2 (manganese oxide (IV)); los ntawm reacting nrog organic tshuaj rau ua rau lawv combustion. Los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog sulfuric los yog hydrochloric acids tshwm sim tshuaj xaiv: Ca (ClO) Cl + H2SO4 → Cl2 + CaSO4 + H2O.

Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas twb npaj los ntawm chlorination nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov calcium hydroxide. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txheej txheem nws yog tau bleach peb qib - 26, 32 thiab 35% ntawm active tshuaj (tus nqi ntawm cov ntshiab tshuaj tso tawm los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv no sib tov HCl los yog H2SO4 acid). Ib tug disadvantage ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog hais tias nws yuav dhia li cia chloro, 5-10% tauj ib xyoos. Sim rau tshwj kom txhob no los tso rau hauv lub kho kom zoo stability cov khoom los ntawm xeem dhau tshuaj roj los ntawm ib tug ncua kev kawm ntawv ntawm Ca (OH) 2. Active tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub chaw tub rog yog li tau yog 45-70%. Lwm drawback ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws ua rau xeb hlau corrodes, thiab paj rwb ntaub. Yog li ntawd, cia nws nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo lub thawv, yas ntim los yog hnab yas thiab tej pob khoom.

Bleach exhibits bactericidal thiab sporicidal zog yog txiav txim los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm hypochlorous acid thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Vim rau qhov no, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub purification ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm ntau yam dej phwj rau thiab kev kho mob hauv tsev raws li ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob (ua nto, pej xeem tej qhov chaw). Kuj siv raws li tshuaj ua kom dawb nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov ntaub so ntswg sis plawv hniav thiab cov ntawv.

Yog li, bleach - yog ib tug complex sib tov uas yog sib heev active tshuaj thiab exhibits ib tug muaj zog oxidant zog. Nyob rau hauv aqueous tov hydrolyses tsim hypochlorous acid (NS1O). Nrog ua kub (cua sov) thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tshav ntuj decomposes, tso pa thiab tshuaj.