Bem Elizaveta: biography thiab yees duab

Zoo txuj ci uas nqa lub teeb thiab kev xyiv fab ntawm cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam, muaj Elizaveta Merkurevna Bem (1843 - 1914).

Childhood thiab tiav hluas

Bem Elizaveta yug nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb los ntawm cov laus Tatar tsev neeg Endaurovyh uas tau hloov rau kev pab Lavxias teb sab tsars nyob rau hauv lub XV caug xyoo. Nrog tsib mus rau kaum plaub xyoo nws nyob rau hauv nws txiv lub qub txeeg qub tes nyob rau hauv lub Yaroslavl xeev. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm nws lub neej Bem Elizaveta hlub neej nyob deb nroog thiab nyob deb nroog cov me nyuam. Lawv yog ib tug tsis tu ncua qhov twg los ntawm kev tshoov siab, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum Elizabeth Merkuryevna los ua ib tug neeg laus. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, tus hluas nkauj ho tsis cia mus ib tug cwj mem thiab kos rau tej daim ntawv uas ntog nyob rau hauv nws caj npab. Paub qhia nws niam nws txiv muab rau tus hluas nkauj mus kawm kos duab rau ntawm entrained. Cov niam txiv, thaum kuv tus ntxhais muaj 14 xyoo, uas tau txheeb xyuas nws tom tsev kawm ntawv los txhawb kev ntxias. Nws cov xib fwb yeej zoo kawg nkaus neeg - Chistyakov, Kramskoy, A. Beydman. Bem Elizaveta tas tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 21 lub xyoos nyob rau hauv 1864 nrog ib tug kub puav pheej.

sib yuav

Peb xyoos tom qab, Liza Endaurova yuav txiv Ludwig Frantsevich Bem. Nws yog laus tshaj 16 xyoo, tab sis nws yog heev txaus nyiam rau nws eccentricity. Nws yog tshuab raj-violinist, leej twg ces koom nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawv nyob rau St. Petersburg Conservatory. Lawv lub tsev yog yeej ib txwm lub suab paj nruag ua si, thiab tsis tsuas cov nkauj laus ncas. Piano kuj yog ib tug nyiam lub cuab tam. Sib yuav, uas nkag mus hauv Bem Elizaveta, yog kev zoo siab. Nws yug tau ob peb cov me nyuam. Cov tsev neeg nyob rau Vasilevsky Island, tom qab, thaum cov me nyuam loj hlob thiab pib nyob nyias, rau nkawv noj, los yog tsis muaj tag nrho cov tsev neeg ua ke nrog lawv cov xeeb ntxwv, schoolboys sau nyob rau hauv txais tos hospitable tsev pog Elizabeth Merkuryevna, thiab dua fabulously tsis nyuaj Stradivarius nkauj laus ncas hais tias ib zaug tau koom Beethoven, thiab leej twg tam sim no plays Ludwig Frantsevich. Nws coj nws nrog nws los ntawm Vienna.

silhouettes

Nyob rau hauv XVII xyoo pua originated craze txiav nrog txiab los ntawm ib tug tais daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv silhouettes ntawm portraits contour dluab profiles. Nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua nws cia li npau taws heev heev lub. Cov neeg zaum nyob rau hauv rau yav tsaus ntuj thiab tag nrho cov tsev neeg txiav ntau dua los yog tsawg daim duab. Nws yuav yog sailing, khiav nees los yog ib tug portrait ntawm ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho-ntev nrog ib lub kaus mom thiab ib tug pas nrig. Rau qhov no yog siv raws li ib tug dub thiab dawb thiab dawb lias ntawv. Nws yog fond ntawm nws, thiab Hans Christian Andersen. Puas craftsmen nyob rau hauv no zoo nkauj zaj lus qhia uas masterfully muaj txiab. Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua nyob rau theem siab art nws tsa Bem Elizaveta. Txij li thaum 1875 nws pib ua lub silhouette duab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lithography. Nyob rau nws tshwj xeeb number case polished pob zeb nto yog thov ua tib zoo twv qauv nrog fine lus (curly plaub mos mos cov me nyuam, cov plaub ntawm cov noog kruzhevtsa rau menyuam roj hmab dresses, hloov maj mam nyom, petals ntawm paj), ces etched nws acids, uas ua tom qab daim ntawv thov ntawm cov xim muaj hlau thiab luam tshwm sim me me zem . Yog li ntawd nyuab txoj kev uas yuav ua rau Elizaveta Bem silhouettes. Tam sim no lawv muaj peev xwm ua pheej sau rau tag nrho lub ncig ntawm cov phau ntawv. Thawj tuaj lub "Silhouettes" phaib. Nws tso lub album "Silhouettes ntawm cov me nyuam" nyob rau hauv ob xyoos. Tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li tsib albums raug luam tawm tom qab. Lawv siv ib tug insane chaw. Lawv luam tawm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Paris. Nws kiv cua twb Leo Tolstoy thiab Ilya Repin.

illustrations

Bem Elizaveta illustrated cov me nyuam cov phau ntawv Magazine "igrushechki" thiab Malyutochka txij li thaum 1882 ". Tom qab ntawd - ib tug fairy taleas "Lub Turnip" Krylov lub fables thiab "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug saib xyuas" los ntawm Ivan Turgenev, Chekhov, Nekrasov, Nikolai Leskov. Thiab qhov txhia chaw nws tuaj rau txoj kev vam meej. Nruj critic V. V. Stasov hais enthusiastically txog nws tej hauj lwm. Nws silhouettes ntaus tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Ib tug tom qab lwm yam tawm ntawm nws cov ntawv nyob rau hauv Berlin, Paris, London, Vienna thiab txawm txawv teb chaws. Txawm tias thaum tsis muaj zog txaus pom (1896) thiab cov artist sab laug lub silhouette txheej txheem, rau nkawv noj, nws ua hauj lwm koom tes nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb miv, uas tau txais medals. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1906 lub artist twb muab tsub lub kub puav pheej nyob rau hauv Milan.

ABC

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, nws twb tsis tau mus txiav txim raws nraim thaum thawj tsab ntawm "ABC". Thaj, qhov no tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub 80s. Qhov no zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm thiab kos tus me nyuam, ua rau nws mus nrhiav mus rau hauv cov yeeb yuj drawings, ib txhij nco cov tsiaj ntawv. Rau tsab ntawv "Buki" lub npe, pleev xim rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nab, uas tsawv nkaus nws tus ko tw. Ib tug daim duab qhia tau hais tias ib tug hluas nobleman. Kuv yog entertaining ntawv nyeem, uas twb nrog los ntawm cov yeeb yuj illustrations ntawm txhua nplooj ntawv. Ntawv tau ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm cov neeg lub npe, uas ua tej yam me me patterned kob lettering XIV - XVI centuries. Piv txwv li, ib tsab ntawv qhia txog kev ua. Nws qhia tau hais tias ib tug me me psaltery neeg uas ua ntawv, uas yog zaum ntawm ib lub rooj nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab hais tias sayings. Nrog kev hlub rau cov hluas cov tub ntxhais kawm ua drawings ntawm Elizaveta Bem. "ABC" cia li attracts thiab tsis cia ib yam cov niam txiv uas qhia lawv cov me nyuam los yog tus me nyuam uas ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas txhua daim duab mus hnov dab tsi rau cov niam txiv nyeem ntawv rau nws. Qhov no "ABC" yog reprinted nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom plig khoom, thiab nyob rau hauv lub XXI xyoo pua nrog ntaub thiab tawv npog nrog bronze clasps. Thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XX xyoo pua cov tsiaj ntawv reprinted nyob rau hauv New York.

Phaib rau cov hnub caiv

Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb kab nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Qhib cov tsiaj ntawv, uas kos Elizaveta Bem, cov artist yog tau ua tiag tiag li thiab nco. Nws yog qhov nyiaj so koobtsheej cards, uas cov neeg raug xa mus rau Christmas los yog Easter. Sau ua lub artist nws tus kheej, uas qhia zoo ingenuity. Cov phau ntawv muaj ntsiab ntawm lub Easter zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv, raws li zoo raws li lus los ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, thiab nyiam artist, paj lug thiab sayings. Phaib nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1900s. Elizaveta Bem chiv sib koom nrog rau cov publishing kev sib txuas lus zej zog. Eugenia, thiab tom qab ntawd - nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nrog lub ruaj Richard thiab YOG Lapin nyob rau hauv Paris. Qhib cov tsiaj ntawv mus tawm nyob rau hauv loj tshooj los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub sij hawm - rau peb puas daim ntawv luam. Nws yuav zoo li uas muaj charming cov me nyuam thiab pleev xim rau cov qe thiab cov pussy willow. Tiam sis tus me nyuam tub thiab tus me nyuam ntxhais yog zoo li ntawd hais tias qhov no ntse nyob rau hauv cov xim daim duab hais lus npaum li cas lub plawv.

Postcards rau txhua txhua hnub

Lawv kuj nyiam mus buyers vim hais tias lawv tau xwm scenes ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub neej, tag nrho cov paj huam, intimacy thiab warmth. Lawv ua li cov artist kos npe. Thiab lub ntsiab cim ntawm nws phaib twb zos cov me nyuam, uas Elizabeth Merkuryevna pom txhua txhua lub caij ntuj sov thaum nws tuaj rau lub qub txeeg qub tes nyob ze Yaroslavl. Cov neeg uas, piv txwv li, sib cav sib ceg, ib qho qhib tsab ntawv twb npaj, uas hu ua tsis tau npau taws thiab tsis txhob surly, thiab ua kom kaj siab lug. Ntawm no cov me nyuam hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm costumes, uas nws sau. Cov artist yuav tsum tau ib tug loj sau los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov hniav thiab thov arts. Yog li ntawd, lub unreliability ntawm nws saib tsis tau tsis yooj yim sua. Txawm xws li ib tug "trifle" raws li daim card ua ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb. Yog li ntawd qab zib otkrytochku uas sau tias "lub plawv teb yog tos." Cov cards tau ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai thiab lus dab neeg hais muaj.

ua tais diav

Khob ntawd thiab nws cov kev kho mob, mus rau nws tus tij laug Alexander nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag rau zus tau tej cov siv lead ua, thiab qhov no sophisticated technology fascinated Elizabeth Merkuryevna, thiab, raws li ib txwm, tuaj rau kev vam meej. Firstly, saib lub qub, tsoos Bratina, goblets, khob, thoob, nws pib rau daim ntawv. Ces twb mus kev rau lub painting. Thiab qhov no yog qhov chaw ua hauj lwm kev cob cog rua nrog tshuaj lom tshuaj fluoride pa. Los ntawm etching iav artist coj qhws ib daim npog qhov ncauj. Thiab tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws pib xyaum tu yus iav décor, nyob rau ntawm ib exhibition nyob rau hauv Chicago, nws tau txais ib tug kub puav pheej.

Nyob rau hauv 1896 nws coj qhov chaw lub thib nees nkaum hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim ua si Elizavety Merkurevny. Tag nrho cov intellectuals teb rau nws. Nrog koj zoo siab los ntawm Lva Tolstogo, Ivan Aivazovsky, Repin, Stasov, Somov, I. Zabelin, A. Maikov.

Nyob rau hauv 1904, Elizabeth Merkuryevna los ua ib tug poj ntsuam, tab sis tseem tsis xav txog tej yam lub neej tsis muaj creativity. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1914, nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, nws tuag. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, nws tej hauj lwm tsis tau thov, lawv tau sim kom tsis nco qab. Tsis tua qhov tseeb kos duab, uas tsim lub Elizaveta Bem. Biography nws tau tsim kaj siab lug. Nws tej hauj lwm tseem ciaj sia thiab thov nws admirers thiab tam sim no thaum nws tau ib puas xyoo tom qab nws tuag.